拉深时凹模圆角处坯料变形分析

用Ｃａｌｌａｄｉｎｅ力学模型,并考虑模拟圆筒（锥）形件拉深时,压力圈的约束在模型中坯料周边存在的支反力,建立了圆筒（锥）形件拉深过程中,坯料经过凹模圆角产生弯曲变形的模型。分析圆管（锥）形件拉深过程中坯料周边凹模圆角出口处的附加弯曲应力的变化规律,给出附国弯曲应力的理论公式。理论分析和试验结果说明;所建立的力学模型是有效的;对圆筒形件拉深,在凹模圆角的合理取值范围内,本文给出的理论公式的计算结果与     

圆筒形件的拉深变形与应力分析

针对筒形件拉深过程中凸、凹模圆角处包角α对凸缘区应力的影响,运用等面积法建立了包角α与坯料瞬时外缘半径和拉深高度的几何关系;采用主应力法并结合全量理论推导出等效应变,并对凸缘变形区的径向应力进行了修正;综合考虑压边引起的摩擦应力和凹模圆角区双曲度弯曲引起的弯曲附加应力,建立了拉深全过程拉深力与瞬时外缘半径的关系式。基于拉深工艺试验,对比分析了理论与试验的拉深力与凸模行程的关系曲线,结果表明:新计算方法的理论最大拉深力与实际最大拉深力相对偏差小于7%,且拉深全过程的理论力-行程曲线与试验力-行程曲线基本一致。     

拼焊板方盒件拉深成形过程变压边力曲线预测

基于有限元数值模拟软件LS-DYNAFORM,对拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形进行模拟研究。通过改变拉深成形过程中压边力这一最重要且易于控制的工艺参数,寻求拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形时较优的变压边力曲线加载形式。为预测不同工艺参数下拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形时的较优压边力加载曲线,建立了变压边力的BP神经网络预测模型,并将该模型预测的结果与数值模拟得到的结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,拼焊板薄板采用变压边力、厚板采用恒定压边力、且薄板压边力不小于厚板压边力的加载形式,拼焊板成形件整体质量较好,焊缝移动量较小;神经网络预测模型能较好的预测拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形时的变压边力,与数值模拟结果的最大相对误差在12.3%以内。     

工艺参数对方形盒拉深成形性能的影响

通过正交试验和Dynaform有限元模拟,研究了拉深工艺参数对方形盒成形性能的影响。正交试验设置了凸凹模间隙、凹模圆角半径及摩擦因子三个因素。通过方差分析和模拟可知:摩擦因子对成形力的影响最大;凸凹模间隙值对拉深高度的影响最大;凹模半径对壁厚的影响最大。结果表明:减小摩擦因子可以降低成形力;减小间隙值可大幅提高拉深高度;工艺参数对壁厚无明显影响。将优化的工艺参数应用到实际方形盒拉深成形中后,得到了合格的杯形件,验证了有限元模拟的正确性。     

轧制差厚板盒形件充液拉深成形工艺参数研究

针对轧制差厚板成形过程中的破裂、起皱以及厚度过渡区移动缺陷,将充液拉深技术引入差厚板盒形件的成形过程,建立了差厚板盒形件有限元模型,进行了差厚板盒形件充液拉深成形仿真,推导了临界液池压力的解析公式.对比分析了压边力、液池压力以及液池压力加载路径对差厚板最大厚度减薄率以及厚度过渡区中心位移量的影响.结果表明,压边力和液池...     

基于正交试验的级进模连续拉深带料的数值模拟

根据理论数据和经验公式对某不锈钢筒形件进行了连续拉深级进模设计,并对带料的连续拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟,预测了成形过程中出现的起皱和破裂缺陷.采用正交试验分析了压边力、摩擦系数和凹模圆角半径等参数对成形质量的影响,得到了拉深结束后制件的最大变薄率.通过对实验结果分析,得到了使制件减薄最小和消除筒壁起皱的成形参数.通过优化分析,消除了成形过程中出现的缺陷,得到了合理的成形参数.这能为实际生产提供指导.     

低椭圆筒件拉深比及其限值的计算

本文应用滑移线场理论，在对椭圆筒件拉深时变化形区进行力学分析的基础上，给出了拉深比的定义，并建立了它与圆筒件之间极限拉深比的关系和计算式。     

烧结不锈钢丝网多孔板材的冲压成形研究

以烧结不锈钢丝网多孔板为材料,在室温条件下通过胀形试验和筒形拉深试验研究材料的冲压成形性能。胀形试验结果显示,材料的胀形极限随着厚度及直径的增大而增大;厚度为1. 4和1. 75 mm的多孔板在直径Φ110 mm的冲模下胀形高度达到30 mm未出现破裂,说明材料具有良好的塑性。筒形拉深试验显示,拉深力随板材的厚度、直径的增大而增大,随孔隙率的增大而减小;厚度为1. 2 mm时,拉深极限比为1. 8。根据塑性力学基本理论,推导了烧结不锈钢丝网多孔板的拉深力预测公式,将理论预测与实际试验数据对比,验证了公式的适用性。研究结果表明,烧结不锈钢丝网多孔材料具有较好的塑性,可进行冷冲压成形,有助于拓展多孔隙功能材料的应用领域。     

汽车覆盖件拉深过程中的压边力预测

结合数值模拟与人工神经网络技术研究了汽车内覆盖件承载地板在冲压成形中压边力的预测。将板料模型零件导入到Dynaform中进行网格划分并对其拉深过程进行模拟仿真,结合正交试验获取不同参数条件下最佳压边力的数据样本,然后运用Matlab软件中的GRNN神经网络工具箱对数据进行训练学习,采用训练好的神经网络对板料成形过程中的压边力进行预测,获得了板料拉深过程中的压边力变化曲线。通过预测结果和模拟结果对比,预测误差在10%以内。将预测的曲线对零件模拟仿真,结果显示零件最大减薄率在25%以内,并对板料进行实际冲压验证。结果显示成形效果良好,无起皱、破裂缺陷,符合实际生产的要求,说明GRNN神经网络可以用于零件冲压过程中压边力的预测。     

高强钢精密冲压件回弹量预测及控制研究

运用Dynaform软件建立高强钢板DP590的U形件有限元模型,进行了恒定压变力、恒定冲压速度条件下的回弹预测,并通过相同条件下的实验验证了回弹预测的准确性。为实现高强钢精密冲压件回弹的智能控制,进行了变冲压速度和变压边力条件下的U形件的拉深试验。其试验结果表明,采用变压力技术比变冲压速度技术更能有效地控制高强钢精密冲压件的回弹。     

A Method for evaluating limiting drawing ratios

Sufficient data have now been generated to assess the influence of material, process, and tooling variables on the limiting drawing ratio, when deep drawing cylindrical cups from circular blanks. The influence of these parameters is less well understood in the deep drawing of nonaxisymmetric cups, and the data that exist have generally been collected from drawing tests. A theoretical approach is presented for predicting the limiting drawing ratio when deep drawing prismatic cups. For a given blank geometry, the drawing load is calculated to plastically deform the flange, overcome friction between the flange and the blank holder, and to bend the material over the die radius. Deformation in the cup wall is ignored. The onset of yielding in the flange is determined using a finite-element code. The calculated drawing load is compared to a theoretical maximum, and when the two values coincide, this yields the limiting blank size under the assumed processing conditions, i.e., blank holder force, die radius, blank shape, and coefficient of friction. The theoretical predictions were compared with experimental results when deep drawing square cups from optimum blank shapes, and the correspondence was found to be acceptable.     

基于BP人工神经网络的油箱端盖拉深成形仿真预测

以油箱端盖作为分析对象,借助DYNAFORM仿真软件,对油箱端盖的拉深成形过程进行数值模拟,并通过拉深成形试验验证可知,板料最大减薄率与最大增厚率的试验值与模拟值之间的相对误差分别为9.26%与8.32%,验证了有限元模型的正确性。结合正交试验,进行有限元仿真试验的设计,基于BP人工神经网络,对板料的成形质量进行仿真预测。选择冲压速度、模具间隙以及压边力作为输入层,将板料成形的最大减薄率作为输出层,建立了3-11-1的3层BP人工神经网络。通过BP人工神经网络的训练与测试得知:BP人工神经网络仿真预测值与数值模拟值之间的相对误差为2.15%,验证了BP人工神经网络应用于油箱端盖拉深成形质量仿真预测的正确性。     

工艺参数对TA0半球件冷拉深成形的影响规律

以TA0薄壁半球形零件冷拉深成形为研究对象,采用数值模拟与试验研究相结合的手段,在研究该拉伸成形过程中零件的应变及壁厚分布规律及组织演变规律的基础上,对破裂、起皱缺陷位置进行了预测。同时,采用正交试验分析方法,研究了单位压边力、摩擦系数、凹模圆角半径和凸凹模间隙等工艺参数,对该拉深成形过程的影响规律。结果表明,单位压边力、摩擦系数、凹模圆角半径对拉深过程均有显著影响,其中贡献率分别为凹模圆角半径41.04%,摩擦系数30.27%,压边力24.68%。     

锂离子电池电芯铝塑膜外壳冲压成形工艺

通过正交试验,应用有限元仿真,对影响锂离子电池铝塑膜外壳冲压成形质量的各工艺参数的显著性进行分析,得出凸模圆角半径与凹模摩擦系数的选择对铝塑膜冲压工艺质量影响较大。利用数值模拟以及BP神经网络与遗传算法极值寻优,对锂离子电池铝塑膜的冲压成形工艺参数(凸模圆角半径、冲压速度、凹模摩擦系数以及压边力)进行优化。优化后的工艺参数使得锂离子电池铝塑膜的最大减薄率减少10%。实验证明,成形铝塑膜外壳的边角位置减薄最为严重,是影响成形铝塑膜外壳整体质量的关键性因素,可以作为衡量锂离子电池铝塑膜外壳成形质量检验的标准。     

Influence of variables in deep drawing of AA 6061 sheet

Deep drawing is one of the most important processes for forming sheet metal parts.It is widely used for mass production of cup shapes in automobile,aerospace and packaging industries.Cup drawing,besides its importance as forming process,also serves as a basic test for the sheet metal formability.The effect of equipment and tooling parameters results in complex deformation mechanism.Existence of thickness variation in the formed part may cause stress concentration and may lead to acceleration of damage.Using TAGUCHI's signal-to-noise ratio,it is determined that the die shoulder radius has major influence followed by blank holder force and punch nose radius on the thickness distribution of the deep drawn cup of AA 6061 sheet.The optimum levels of the above three factors,for the most even wall thickness distribution,are found to be punch nose radius of 3 mm,die shoulder radius of 8 mm and blank holder force of 4 kN.     

Finite element simulation on the deep drawing of titanium thin-walled surface part

The deep drawing of titanium thin-walled surface part was simulated based on a self-developed three-dimensional finite element model. After an investigation on forming rules, a virtual orthogonal experimental design was adopted to determine the significance of processing parameters, such as die radius, blank holder force, and friction coefficient, on the forming process. The distributions of thickness and equivalent plastic strain of the drawn part were evaluated. The results show that die radius has a relative major influence on the deep drawing process, followed by friction coefficient and blank holder force.     

Evaluation of stamping lubricants in forming advanced high strength steels (AHSS) using deep drawing and ironing tests

In forming AHSS, the lubricant must reduce the friction between die and sheet as well as the effect of heat generated from deformation and friction, especially in forming at high stroking rates. In this study, the effectiveness of stamping lubricants was evaluated by using the deep drawing and ironing tests. Various stamping lubricants were tested in forming of DP590 GA round cup samples. In these tests, the performance of lubricants was ranked via evaluation criteria that include punch force and the geometry of tested specimens. Deep drawing tests were conducted at two different blank holder forces, BHF (30 and 70 ton) at a constant ram speed (70 mm/s). The ironing tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of lubricants at higher tool–workpiece interface pressure than that is present in deep drawing. Polymer-based thin film lubricants with pressure additives (e.g. Lubricants A and B) were more effective than other lubricants as shown by the force (e.g. maximum punch force and applicable BHF without cup fracture) and geometry indicators (e.g. draw-in length, flange perimeter and sidewall thinning).The pressure and temperature distributions at the die–sheet interface were predicted by FE simulation of deep drawing and ironing tests. As expected, the value of interface pressure and temperature were maximum at the die corner radius.     

弧焊环拉深划伤机理及其防止技术的研究

对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢弧焊环圆筒形冲压件拉深过程中划伤产生的机理进行了分析，明确指出弧焊环拉深时产生划伤是由7个方面的因素造成的。产生拉深划伤必须满足坯料表面存在局部凸起，在高温和高压下坯料和模具之间产生粘合，粘合点被拉开后在模具上形成牢固的粘结瘤，粘结瘤的硬度明显高于拉深坯料的表面硬度4个条件。为防止该件拉深时划伤现象的发生，则在拉深时应采用良好的润滑剂、提高模具表面的光洁度、适当降低压应力、增大凹模圆角半径、工件及模具表面保持干净、板料的材质应符合要求(特别使其塑性异性小)、镍及钛元素含量足够、退火软化完善合格、中间过渡工序的筒形件口部带有圆角的小法兰、及时消除模具上的粘结瘤、将原工艺的5次拉深改为3次拉深或2次变薄旋压。以上措施在实践中取得了成功。     

Finite element modeling and experimental results of brass elliptic cups using a new deep drawing process through conical dies

This paper introduces a new technique for deep drawing of elliptic cups through a conical die without blank holder or draw beads. In this technique an elliptic-cup is produced by pushing a circular blank using a flat-headed elliptic punch through a conical die with an elliptic aperture in a single stroke. A 3D parametric finite element (FE) model was built using the commercial FE-package ANSYS/APDL. Effects of die and punch geometry including, half-cone angle, die fillet radius, die aperture length and punch fillet radius on limiting drawing ratio (LDR), drawing load and thickness strain of the cup have been investigated numerically for optimal process design. A die with half cone angle of 18° has shown the best drawability for the new technique. An experimental set-up has been designed, manufactured, and used for experimental production of elliptical shaped sheet-metal cups. A total of seven punches having aspect ratios ranging from 2 to 2.25 and a die with an aspect ratio of 2 have been manufactured and used. Tensile tests were carried out to obtain the stress–strain behavior for the formed sheet metal. Experiments were conducted on blanks of brass (CuZn33) with initial thicknesses of 1.5, 1.9, 2.4 and 3 mm at different clearance ratios (c/t). Effects of blank thickness and clearance ratio on limiting drawing ratio, drawing load and thickness strain were numerically and experimentally investigated. Finite element model results showed good agreement with experimental results. An elliptic cup with a limiting drawing ratio (LDR) of 2.28 has been successfully achieved using the proposed technique and set-up.