The evolution of a manufacturing Web site

The Boeing Commercial Airplanes Wing Responsibility Center (WRC) needed a way to communicate quickly and effectively between its various plant locations. An important requirement was the ability to provide a common means to update and disseminate information, such as vital organizational statistics, in a timely manner.Several Web applications were built for the site, providing data entry and validation, charting, reporting, paging, e-mail notification, automatic detection of broken links, and the ability to build and update pages without the knowledge of HTML or a Web authoring tool. The site and its applications work daily to support the people who build the wings for Boeing airplanes.     

Characterization of the evolution of a news Web site

The Web has become a ubiquitous tool for distributing knowledge and information and for conducting businesses. To exploit the huge potential of the Web as a global information repository, it is necessary to understand its dynamics. These issues are particularly important for news Web sites as they are expected to provide fresh information on current world events to a potentially large user population. This paper presents an experimental study aimed at characterizing and modeling the evolution of a news Web site. We focused on the MSNBC Web site as it is a good representative of its category in terms of structure, news coverage and popularity. Specifically, we analyzed how often and to what extent the content of this site changed and we identified models describing its dynamics. The study has shown that the rate of page creations and updates was characterized by some well defined patterns that varied as a function of time of day and day of week. On the contrary, the content of individual pages changed to a different extent. Most updates involved a very small fraction of their content, whereas very few were more extensive and spread over the whole page. By taking into accounts all these aspects, we derived analytical models able to accurately capture and reproduce the evolution of the news Web site.     

The contribution of apparent and inherent usability to a user's satisfaction in a searching and browsing task on the Web

Previous research found that apparent and inherent usability had big influences on user's acceptance of computer systems. This research extended these findings to the area of user's satisfaction. The study investigated the impact of inherent and apparent usability on user's satisfaction of Web page designs while the two main tasks on the World Wide Web, searching and browsing, were performed. The results indicated that inherent usability was the main factor contributing to user's satisfaction in both searching and browsing. General principles and specific recommendations for the design and evaluation of Web page designs are derived from these findings.     

The contribution of apparent and inherent usability to a user's satisfaction in a searching and browsing task on the Web

Previous research found that apparent and inherent usability had big influences on user's acceptance of computer systems. This research extended these findings to the area of user's satisfaction. The study investigated the impact of inherent and apparent usability on user's satisfaction of Web page designs while the two main tasks on the World Wide Web, searching and browsing, were performed. The results indicated that inherent usability was the main factor contributing to user's satisfaction in both searching and browsing. General principles and specific recommendations for the design and evaluation of Web page designs are derived from these findings.     

Factors affecting numerical typing performance of young adults in a hear-and-type task

Numerical hear-and-type tasks, i.e. making immediate keypresses according to verbally presented numbers, possess both practical and theoretical importance but received relatively little attention. Effects of speech rates (500-ms vs. 1000-ms interval), urgency (urgent condition: performance-based monetary incentive plus time limit vs. non-urgent condition: flat-rate compensation) and finger strategies (single vs. multi-finger typing) on typing speed and accuracy were investigated. Fast speech rate and multi-finger typing produced more errors and slower typing speed. Urgency improved typing speed but decreased accuracy. Errors were almost doubled under urgent condition, while urgency effect on speed was similar to that of speech rate. Examination of error patterns did not fully support Salthouse's (1986) speculations about error-making mechanisms. The results implied that urgency could play a more important role in error-making than task demands. Numerical keyboard design and error detection could benefit from spatial incidence of errors found in this study. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: This study revealed that classic speculations about error-making mechanisms in alphabetical typing do not necessarily translate to numerical typing. Factors other than external task demands such as urgency can affect typing performance to a similar or greater extent. Investigations of intrinsic error-making factors in non-traditional typing tasks are encouraged.     

Use of a Web site for learning about cancer

This paper is an assessment of the use of CancerHelp UK, a Web site developed as a resource for people living with cancer. Attitudes to the use of the site were examined through interviews with 23 patients and relatives in a two-phase pilot study. The analysis of the data was conducted within a framework derived from activity theory which focused on individual perspectives, purposes and outcomes and the processes involved in use. Our findings show that the process of using the site and the characteristics of the medium were regarded as beneficial, although some inexperienced computer users needed some help. There were positive cognitive and affective outcomes for those who had independently chosen to use the site. However, there were differences in process and outcome between independent users and participants who had been invited to use the resource for evaluation purposes. The study raises questions about the use and evaluation of the World Wide Web for teaching and learning through an informal learning activity. The response of participants to the use of CancerHelp UK indicates that the resource is both useful and usable. The authors suggest that the availability of the Web as a means for learning about cancer may challenge the traditional transmission-based practice of the medical consultation.     

Language independent search in MediaEval's Spoken Web Search task

In this paper, we describe several approaches to language-independent spoken term detection and compare their performance on a common task, namely “Spoken Web Search”. The goal of this part of the MediaEval initiative is to perform low-resource language-independent audio search using audio as input. The data was taken from “spoken web” material collected over mobile phone connections by IBM India as well as from the LWAZI corpus of African languages. As part of the 2011 and 2012 MediaEval benchmark campaigns, a number of diverse systems were implemented by independent teams, and submitted to the “Spoken Web Search” task. This paper presents the 2011 and 2012 results, and compares the relative merits and weaknesses of approaches developed by participants, providing analysis and directions for future research, in order to improve voice access to spoken information in low resource settings.     

Ease of interaction plus ease of integration: Combining Web2.0 and the Semantic Web in a reviewing site

Web2.0 has enabled contributions to the Web on an unprecedented scale, through simple interfaces that provide engaging interactions. This wealth of data has spawned countless mashups that integrate heterogenous information, but using techniques that will not scale beyond a handful of sources. In contrast, the Semantic Web provides the key to large-scale data integration, yet still lacks approachable interfaces allowing contributions from non-specialists. In this paper we present Revyu, a reviewing and rating site in the Web2.0 mould that is built on Semantic Web infrastructure and both publishes and consumes linked RDF data. This combination of approaches affords ease of interaction for regular users and ease of integration with external data sources.     

Frequency of the sit to stand task: An observational study of free-living adults

The sit to stand movement is a key determinant of functional independence. Knowledge of the frequency with which the sit to stand movement is performed throughout the day could inform workplace ergonomics, but has rarely been examined.Healthy adults (n = 140) were recruited from the general population. Free-living activity for each participant was reported using an activity monitor. On average, participants performed 60 (±22) sit to stand movements each day. Participants in indoor sedentary occupations performed significantly more sit to stand movements per day than participants in outdoor active occupations (66 vs. 54; n = 102; p = 0.003). Participants (n = 33) performed significantly more sit to stand movements on working days than on non-working days (65 vs. 55; p = 0.018).This analysis provides contemporary data for sit to stand frequency in a predominantly working population, and demonstrates that work and employment have a significant effect on that frequency.     

论网站的建设与管理

随着互联网的发展子商务的应用日渐走向深入和全面,形形色色的电子商务网站层出不穷。本文为此分析了互联网网站的内涵,总结了提出了网站建设与管理的思路。     

用人方——面试失败,WHY?

在全国各大高校毕业生走出校门踏上社会的高峰期,我由于工作的原因,有机会作为用人方接触到广大的应届毕业生。在我们看来,在络绎不绝的面试人群当中,在什么环节上,面试者会因为出现什么问题而被否决掉呢?     

Personalization of Web browsing: adaptations to meet the needs of older adults

Despite difficulties in using the Web, older adults are motivated to use it. This paper reports on work underway to ease Web access for this population. Although Web accessibility standards provide specifications that Web content providers must incorporate if their pages are to be accessible, these standards do not guarantee a good experience for all Web users. This paper will discuss user controls that make a number of dynamic adaptations to page presentation and input that can greatly increase the usability of Web pages for older users. The paper will discuss the authors original work on the topic, lessons learned, and usage patterns. Current extensions to that work are also discussed.     

Shoulder muscle fatigue development in young and older female adults during a repetitive manual task

Age may modify the association between occupational physical demand and muscle loading, and ultimately increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The goal of this study was to investigate age-related differences in shoulder muscle fatigue development during a repetitive manual task. Twenty participants in two age groups completed an 80-minute simulated low-intensity assembly task. Electromyographic (EMG) manifestation of muscle fatigue was observed in the upper trapezius, deltoid and infraspinatus muscles in both age groups, and coincided with an increase in the subjective ratings of perceived exertions. Compared with the younger group, older group showed a more monotonic decrease in EMG power frequency in the upper trapezius and deltoid muscles. However, the age-related difference in EMG amplitude was less consistent. Relative rest time of the upper trapezius muscle in the older group was less than the young group throughout the task. The observed patterns of EMG measures suggest that older participants may have disadvantages in fatigue resistance in the upper trapezius and posterior deltoid muscles during the simulated repetitive manual task.     

网站开发管理平台在高校中的应用

在高校信息化日益普及的今天,校园网站无疑承担着越来越重要的作用。然而如何才能方便、快捷的开发出安全可靠、功能强大、页面美观的校园网站,是建设校园网站需要迫切解决的问题。本文以中国药科大学为例,介绍了目前高校网站群建设出现的各种问题,以及我校利用网站开发管理平台制作网站的一些经验和体会。