纳米改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的抗热震性能研究

为研究不同金属相对纳米TiN改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷抗热震性能的影响,采用真空烧结法分别制备了Ti(C,N)基20Ni、10Co-10Ni和20Co三组金属陶瓷,用急冷-强度法测定了其抗热震性能.结果表明,3组金属陶瓷试样的热震残留强度均随热震温度的升高而降低,其热震残留强度急剧下降的临界温度分别为410、370和330℃.扫描电镜分析结果表明,热震后试样的组织仍然保持着金属陶瓷典型的芯/壳结构,随着热震温度的升高,组织中出现裂纹,断口中有气孔及裂纹出现,导致材料强度下降.对热震试样硬度的测试结果表明,纳米TiN改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷在热震后仍然具有很高的硬度.     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷成分对抗热震性能的影响

制备了不同碳氮比Ti(C,N)固溶体和分别加入NbC、TaC、VC、Cr₃C₂的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷，采用水淬冷热震方法研究了不同成分对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷抗热震性能的影响。结果表明：金属陶瓷在热冲击过程中，陶瓷相在热应力的作用下会发生开裂现象，在裂纹扩展路径上产生的微裂纹能促进裂纹扩展；在不同碳氮比的Ti(C_x,N_y)固溶体金属陶瓷中，碳氮比7/3的Ti(C_0.7,N_0.3)金属陶瓷的抗热震性能最好，本文研究中其热震临界温度为240℃；在添加的四种碳化物(NbC、TaC、VC和Cr₃C₂)中，NbC和TaC能显著提升金属陶瓷的抗热震性，且TaC更优于NbC，而VC和Cr₃C₂的加入不利于改善金属陶瓷抗热冲击性能。     

渗硼对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷抗热震性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,并对其进行了固体渗硼。研究了渗硼后金属陶瓷的显微组织和力学性能以及渗硼对抗热震性能的影响。结果表明,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的渗硼层由硼化物层、扩散层和基体区组成;渗硼使金属陶瓷的表面硬度提高,抗弯强度降低,使导致金属陶瓷热震残留强度急剧下降的临界热震温差降低约100℃;渗硼使Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷热震后的残留强度降低,主要是分布不均和形状不规则的孔洞所致;当热震温差较小时,渗硼使金属陶瓷表面萌生热震裂纹的孕育期延长,从而推迟了主裂纹的形成;而热震温差较大时,经渗硼的金属陶瓷热震裂纹扩展较快,易形成龟裂。     

碳纳米管增韧Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的制备及抗热震性能

采用粉末冶金真空烧结法制备了添加1.0 wt%碳纳米管的Ti(C,N) -WC -Co金属陶瓷,用压痕-急冷法研究了其抗热震性能.实验结果表明,添加1.0 wt%碳纳米管的Ti(C,N)-Co金属陶瓷材料比未添加碳纳米管的金属陶瓷抗热震性能好,碳纳米管的增韧效果是产生这一现象的主要原因;随着温度的升高和热循环次数的增加,热震裂纹扩展率增长.     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的研究进展：新型粘结相

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷是由金属粘结相和陶瓷硬质相组成的复合材料，具有出色的硬度和韧性组合，在高速切削、表面精加工和耐磨部件等领域广泛应用。使用新型粘结相(金属间化合物、高熵合金、Fe基合金、Ni基合金)来代替传统的Ni、Co、Fe及其复合粘结相时，Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的力学性能、耐磨性能、耐腐蚀性能和高温抗氧化性能等均有改善，其使用寿命得以延长。本文综述了国内外采用不同新型粘结相制备的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的显微组织、力学性能、耐磨性能、耐腐蚀性能及抗氧化性能等方面的研究进展，总结了新型粘结相提高金属陶瓷性能的机理，并在此基础上展望了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷新型粘结相的未来研究发展方向。     

钼含量对Ti（C，N）-Co金属陶瓷抗热震性能的影响

采用真空烧结工艺,以纳米TiN、亚微米TiC等陶瓷粉体作原材料,以金属钴作粘结剂,并添加不同含量钼,制备了Ti（C,N）-Co金属陶瓷。采用扫描电镜研究了Ti（C,N）-Co金属陶瓷的组织,测量了力学性能,采用压痕．急冷法研究了抗热震性能。结果表明,随着热震温度的升高和热循环次数的增加,金属陶瓷中的裂纹增长;钼含量较低的Ti（C,N）-Co金属陶瓷抗热震性能较好。     

镀钴碳纳米管/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷的制备及抗热震性能

采用化学镀工艺在碳纳米管表面镀Co,采用粉末冶金法真空烧结制备了添加质量分数0.5%镀钴碳纳米管的Ti(C,N)-Co金属陶瓷,采用压痕-急冷法研究了其抗热震性能。结果表明,添加0.5%镀钴碳纳米管的Ti(C,N)-Co金属陶瓷材料比未添加碳纳米管的金属陶瓷抗热震性能好,镀钴碳纳米管的增韧效果是产生这一现象的主要原因;镀钴碳纳米管能提高Ti(C,N)-Co金属陶瓷的断裂韧性和硬度。     

Ti(C,N)_w/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的组织与力学性能研究

采用Ti(C,N)晶须和颗粒复合粉末(Ti(C,N)w+Ti(C,N)p)制备Ti(C,N)w/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。研究了复合粉末对金属陶瓷组织及性能的影响。结果表明,Ti(C,N)w的加入,金属陶瓷的各项力学性能都得到了提高。组织表现为环形相结构特征,与Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷相比,双层环形相结构所占比例增大,且尺寸加厚。烧结组织中Ti(C,N)w的长径比大于临界长径比,在强化金属陶瓷方面起着重要的作用。环形相使Ti(C,N)w与基体界面结合紧密,增韧机制主要表现为裂纹桥联和裂纹偏转,拔出效应不明显。     

稀土元素Y对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷性能的影响

研究了稀土元素 Y对 Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织和性能的影响。 Y在 Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中可以起到净化粘结相 /硬质相界面的作用 ,并使其包覆层的厚度略有增加 ,从而使硬质相颗粒得到细化。当 Y含量为 0 .8wt%时细化效果最明显 ,此时 Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和硬度值最大。     

(Ti,W,Ta)(C,N)_p/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的组织与性能

采用自制的多元复式碳氮化物陶瓷粉末 ((Ti,W,Ta) (C,N) p)制备 (Ti,W,Ta) (C,N) p/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。研究了 (Ti,W,Ta) (C,N) p 粉末的组织结构特征及其加入对金属陶瓷的组织及性能的影响。结果表明 ,多元复式碳氮化物粉末的晶格常数与元素的固溶度有很好的对应关系 ,调整粉末中元素的固溶度可控制粉末的晶格常数 ,进而控制材料的性能。 Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中 (Ti,W,Ta) (C,N) p 粉末的加入 ,有利于重金属元素 W和 Ta向粘结相中扩散 ,从而降低了硬质相在粘结相中的溶解度 ,阻碍了晶粒长大。(Ti,W,Ta) (C,N) p/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷各项性能指标优于 Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷和国外对应的金属陶瓷牌号 CT5 2 5的产品。强化机制主要表现为细晶强化与固溶强化。     

Erosion-corrosion behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets containing different secondary carbides

The present work investigated the effects of secondary carbides (Mo₂C\WC\TaC\NbC) on the erosion-corrosion behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets. The results indicate that the erosion-corrosion resistance of Ti(C,N)-based cermets is enhanced in the order of NbC, TaC, WC and Mo2C addition. The contribution of erosion to the erosion-corrosion of Ti(C,N)-based cermets is much more significant than that of corrosion, and it increases with the decreased mechanical properties. The synergistic effect plays a dominant role in the degradation of Ti(C,N)-based cermets in erosion-corrosion conditions. There are two modes to ceramic phase degradation in erosion conditions: large ceramic grains are prone to deterioration through crack initiation and propagation → grain fracture → fragment removal; finer ceramic grains trend to be pulled out after the deterioration of binder and interface. The binder loss is determined by the corrosion resistance of binder, the erosion resistance of binder and the erosion resistance of ceramic phase.     

Mo_2C对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷腐蚀性能的影响

通过静态浸泡腐蚀和动电位极化两种方法,研究了Mo2C对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷在NaOH溶液中腐蚀性能的影响。实验结果表明:Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的耐蚀性明显优于WC-Co硬质合金;添加Mo2C可以大幅度提高Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的机械性能,硬度从91.2到94.0 HRA和抗弯强度从930到1 350 MPa,但会降低金属陶瓷的耐蚀性能;由于Mo2C的加入,会使金属陶瓷的动电位极化曲线出现两个钝化区,但是两个钝化区域的电流均未达到真正的钝化电流(10-5A/cm2),因而这些钝化现象均为伪钝化;在经动电位极化后的试样表面,粘结相Ni和白色的内环相均会被腐蚀,其中内环相为富Mo的(Mo,Ti)(C,N)固溶体,其耐腐蚀性较未溶的Ti(C,N)芯更差。随着Mo2C添加量的提高,内环形相的厚度随之会增加,从而降低了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的耐蚀性能。     

氮含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织与磨粒磨损行为的影响

采用真空烧结方法制备了4种氮含量的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,测试了试样的抗弯强度、硬度、断裂韧性等力学性能,用扫描电镜、能谱仪等研究了N含量对其显微组织及磨粒磨损行为的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内随N含量的增加,硬质相芯部逐渐细化且分布均匀,环形相厚度变薄、体积分数减小;磨粒磨损形貌中犁沟所占的比例减少,微观脆性断裂形成的凹坑增加,耐磨粒磨损性能逐渐提高。随N含量增加,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的抗弯强度呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,断裂韧度逐渐递减,硬度变化不大。当N含量为3.6%时(文中含量均为质量分数),Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷综合力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度为1 873 MPa,硬度为89.9 HRA,断裂韧度为20.7 MPa.m1/2。     

Ni_3Al粘结相对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了Ni3Al做粘结相的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,研究了添加不同含量Ni3Al粘结相的金属陶瓷的力学性能和显微组织并与Ni做粘结相的金属陶瓷进行了对比。结果表明,Ni3Al作粘结相的金属陶瓷综合力学性能总体上不如Ni做粘结相的金属陶瓷,随着金属陶瓷中Ni3Al含量的增加,其洛氏硬度值不断下降,而抗弯强度和断裂韧性却不断增加;显微组织分析表明,Ni3Al做粘结相的金属陶瓷同样具有芯环结构,Ni3Al可以控制环形相的厚度,抑制晶粒异常长大,使硬质相芯相棱角圆润。Ni3Al含量为30wt%左右的金属陶瓷能够兼顾硬度和抗弯强度等力学性能,此时的主要力学性能指标为:抗弯强度1 045±80 MPa,洛氏硬度HRA89.7±0.25,断裂韧性KIC为14.26 MPa·m1/2。     

Early high-temperature oxidation behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets with multi-component AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy binder

The early high-temperature oxidation behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets with equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy binder has been studied, as well as the cermet with Ni/Co binder as a reference. Experiments were performed at the temperature range of 800–1100 °C in static laboratory air. The micro-structural evolution of the multi-layered oxide scales on the cermets was investigated and the effect of binder phase constituent on the oxidation characteristics of Ti(C,N)-based cermets was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the cermet with AlCoCrFeNi multi-element alloy binder possesses superior oxidation resistance, which is greatly better than that of the cermet with Ni/Co metallic binder under the same condition. We suggest that the formation of a continuous and dense external oxide scale can effectively impede the outward diffusion of volatile tungsten oxides and inward oxygen transport, leading to a remarkable improvement of oxidation resistance. In addition, the enhanced oxidation resistance was related to the high Cr and Al concentration in AlCoCrFeNi binder phase that urges the formation of oxide layers with more efficient passivation effect against oxidation.     

Corrosion behavior of Ti(C,N)-Ni/Cr cermets in H2SO4 solution

The effects of partial substitution of Ni with Cr on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ti(C,N)-based cermets in H₂SO₄ solution were investigated in this paper. The results showed that partial substitution of Ni with Cr had a minor effect on the microstructure, whereas the hardness of the Ti(C,N)-based cermets could be improved for dissolution of Cr in Ni binder. The corrosion behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets with different Cr content in 0.2 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution was also studied via potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and corrosion test. The tested Ti(C,N)-Ni/Cr cermets had three typical passive regions. The current of the first passive region was reduced and the passive range was enlarged with the increase of Cr content in binder attributed to the synergistic effect of Ti-based and Cr-based passive layers. But the remaining passive regions were pseudopassive regions. The EIS results also demonstrated that the impendence of the reaction rose with the increase of Cr content in binder. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of cermets in H₂SO₄ solution was improved remarkably by Cr dissolving in the binder, which gave rise to the enhanced passivation ability.     

Microstructure and fracture toughness of Ti(C0.7N0.3)-WC-Ni cermets

Mo₂C is normally added to improve the wettability between Ti(C,N) and Ni in Ti(C,N)-based cermets. Due to the increasing price of Mo₂C, much attention has been paid to Ti(C,N)-based cermets with WC addition. In this paper, effect of WC content on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C_0.7N_0.3)-xWC-15wt.%Ni cermets free of Mo₂C was studied. The experimental results show that the microstructure is refined obviously with the increase of WC content. The fracture toughness decreases with the increase of WC content when WC content is 10-25 wt.%, and increases when WC content varies from 25 wt.% to 30 wt.%.     

CO冷却对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷表层结构和切削性能的影响

为改善Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具的抗冲击性能,从烧结碳势对表层粘结相分布影响的角度出发,制备了不同压力CO冷却的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀片.借助扫描电镜和能谱仪研究了CO冷却下金属陶瓷表层的组织结构以及粘结相分布情况.对比了CO冷却和真空冷却对金属陶瓷刀片切削性能的影响.结果表明:CO冷却对金属陶瓷常规性能影响微小...     

Effect of WC addition and cooling rate on microstructure,magnetic and mechanical properties of Ti(C0.6,N0.4)-WC-Mo-Ni cermets

Ti(C_0.6,N_0.4)-8Mo-xWC-25Ni (x = 0, 3, 6 and 9 wt%) cermets were synthesized under different cooling rates by vacuum sintering. The influence of WC addition and cooling rate on microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of the as-prepared Ti(C,N)-based cermets was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and physical property measurement system (PPMS). The results revealed that the grain size of the Ti(C,N)-based cermets became finer with WC addition. Furthermore, room-temperature saturation magnetization (M_s), remanence (M_r) and Curie temperature (T_c) of the Ti(C,N)-based cermets initially decreased with increasing WC content, followed by a gradual increase. Cermets bacame paramagnetic at x = 6 under the cooling rate of 2 °C/min, x = 6 and 9 under the cooling rate 35 °C/min, respectively. The decrease in magnetic properties could be ascribed to the enhanced solid solubility of alloy elements in Ni-based binder phase. Moreover, the hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS) of the Ti(C,N)-based cermets initially increased and followed by a gradual decrease, whereas the fracture toughness initially decreased followed by an increase with increasing WC content. At the same value of x, the Ti(C,N)-based cermets exhibited better magnetic and mechanical properties at the cooling rate of 35 °C/min than that at the cooling rate of 2 °C/min, which could be attributed to the grain refinement strengthening and solid-solution strengthening of the binder phase.