西班牙某复杂硫化矿混合精矿的细菌浸出

《ＭｉｎｅｒａｌｓＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ》１９９９年第１２卷第１期刊登ＧｏｍｅｚＣ．等人介绍西班牙一复杂硫化矿混合精矿的细菌浸出的文章。研究了用混合培养嗜温细菌（氧化铁硫杆菌、氧化硫杆菌和氧化铁细螺菌）来浸出某复杂硫化矿混合精矿。还研究了营养介质,搅拌,矿浆浓度,温度和使用机械搅拌反应器时在空气流中加入φ＝１％的ＣＯ２对浸出的影响。该混合精矿由西班牙ＲｉｏＴｉｎｔｏＭｉｎｅｒａ,Ｓ．Ａ．提供。主要由黄铜矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿组成。嗜温细菌通过混合培养源自ＲｉｏＴｉｎｔｏ矿井水的铁氧和硫氧细菌获得…     

硫化矿金矿石生物浸出时细菌适应和溶液置换的影响

本文研究了一种复杂硫化矿金矿的细菌适应和浸出溶液部分置换对生物浸出反应速率和反应程度的影响。矿石先经混合硫化矿浮选富集,然后硫化矿精矿用氧化铁硫杆菌进行     

在黄铁矿细菌浸出过程中混合的硫杆菌族和细螺旋菌族的共同作用

Battaglia－BrunetF．等人在《MineralsEngineering》1998年11卷第2期上撰文，介绍了有关在黄铁矿细菌浸出过程中，混合的硫杆菌族和细螺旋菌族的共同作用方面的研究工作。混合细菌培养繁殖系采用纯的氧化铁硫杆菌、氧化硫代杆菌和氧化铁细螺旋菌菌株进行，按它们对含钻黄铁矿的氧化能力为对其进行了间歇试验。当存在氧化铁细螺旋菌时，使用氧化铁硫杆菌会使钻的溶解率提高，且不受氧化铁细螺旋菌初始浓度的影响。当氧化硫代杆菌的初始浓度高于氧化铁硫杆菌的初始浓度时，只能通过增加氧化硫代杆菌的途境改善使用氧化铁硫杆菌的细菌浸出工…     

嗜热硫氧化硫化杆菌与喜温嗜酸硫杆菌混合浸出铁闪锌矿研究

采用正交试验, 通过考察温度、pH值、喜温嗜酸硫杆菌接种时间和喜温嗜酸硫杆菌接种浓度4个因素, 研究硫氧化硫化杆菌与喜温嗜酸硫杆菌混合菌对铁闪锌矿浸出的影响。试验结果表明: 氧化硫细菌的加入, 有助于消除铁闪锌矿浸出过程中生成的、覆盖在矿物表面的元素硫, 使得硫氧化硫化杆菌和喜温嗜酸硫杆菌混合菌浸出铁闪锌矿的效果比单一硫氧化硫化杆菌浸出效果好; 混合菌浸出铁闪锌矿时浸出率达到54.2%, 而单一硫氧化硫化杆菌浸出时浸出率为46.8%。正交试验结果统计分析表明混合菌浸出铁闪锌矿的最优条件为: pH=1.8、第3 d接种喜温嗜酸硫杆菌和喜温嗜酸硫杆菌接种浓度2.5×10⁶个/mL; 其中pH值是影响混合菌浸出铁闪锌矿的主要因素, 其次是喜温嗜酸硫杆菌接种浓度及喜温嗜酸硫杆菌接种时间。     

存在氧化铁硫杆菌和氧化铁细螺菌时不同黄铁矿的氧化动力学比较

《Hydrometallurgy》1999年53卷第1期上发表BoonM.等人文章。报道了存在氧化铁硫杆菌和氧化铁细螺菌时,不同黄铁矿的氧化动力学比较结果。作者借助黄铁矿的化学反应能力和某一种细菌族对亚铁、高铁亲合力的比值,测定了一种黄铁矿的细菌氧化速率。用纯氧化铁硫杆菌和浓集氧化铁细螺菌的培养基分别对来自德国的微球团黄铁矿和来自南非的自形黄铁矿进行了生物浸出研究。研究发现,氧化铁细螺菌能氧化这两种黄铁矿,而氧化铁硫杆菌仅能氧化微球团黄铁矿。德国的微球团黄铁矿具有粗粒状和不规则的表面结构,其反应能力很可能更强于表面结构为高度…     

硫化锌矿化学浸出技术进展

系统地概述了近十几年来硫化锌矿化学浸出技术的进展, 主要包括:硫化锌矿矿物特性;硫化锌矿浸出剂及浸出体系的发展;硫化锌矿化学浸出动力学及热力学研究现状;锌的分离提纯技术进展。     

氧化铁硫杆菌的微波诱变及对低品位黄铜矿的生物浸出

研究微波辐照诱变氧化铁硫杆菌T.f菌以及浸出低品位黄铜矿的效果。结果表明,微波辐照能够引起浸矿细菌产生变异,提高菌种的活性。诱变菌比原始菌的活性提高了39.96%。T.f菌经微波处理,浸矿性能有明显提高。与T.f菌相比,诱变后的T.f菌对原生铜矿的浸出率提高了31.44%,对易浸的次生硫化铜矿浸出率从53.66%提高到74.97%,总铜浸出率从32.43%提高到56.58%,浸出终点比原始菌提前了5～10d。诱变后的T.f菌对以黄铜矿为主的多金属铜矿具有较好的浸出效果。     

硫化锌矿的生物浸出

本文综述了硫化锌矿生物浸出的研究现状，着重介绍硫化锌矿生物浸出过程中所涉及的微生物种类、浸出条件、影响因素、浸出机理和动力学模型等方面取得的研究成果。通过讨论这些研究成果，分析实现硫化锌矿微生物浸出工业化生产所存在的问题以及解决这样问题需要进一步研究的方向。     

锰结核细菌浸出研究

绪论氧化硫硫杆菌和氧化铁硫杆菌能够利用元素硫氧化成硫酸时所得到的能量生长。今井发现,氧化硫硫杆菌在元素硫共存情况下可浸出二氧化锰,并推测这是由于元素硫氧化过程中产生的中间反应物亚硫酸还原二氧化锰的缘故。高希等人报导,氧化铁硫杆菌在元素硫共存情况下溶解二氧化锰。藤井等人研究了利用各种酸、还原剂浸出锰结核的问题,并查明用硫酸浸出时,铜易浸出,可     

中高温混合菌浸出永平低品位铜矿石的研究

采用包括中高温嗜热铁质菌、喜温嗜酸硫杆菌和嗜热硫氧化硫化杆菌的混合菌群在45 ℃条件下浸出永平低品位铜矿石, 并对矿浆浓度、转速和pH值等工艺因素进行了优化, 在最佳浸出条件下对混合菌的浸出行为进行了研究。结果表明:该混合菌群在矿浆浓度150 g/L、转速190 r/min、pH=2.0时, 浸出第6 d时铜的浸出率达到94.26%, 浸出第24 d铜浸出率达到99.79%。研究还发现中高温混合菌可以有效消除钝化膜的生成, 影响浸出率的主要因素是矿浆浓度。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出废弃线路板中金属铜的研究

利用从硫化矿山分离得到氧化亚铁硫杆菌GZY-1菌株,进行了废弃线路板粉末中金属铜的浸出实验,并对浸出机理进行了分析,同时对浸出体系的pH值、氧化还原电位和细菌数量的变化进行了研究.结果表明:细菌具有将Fe2+不间断地氧化成为Fe3+的生物学特性;在浸出温度30℃及pH值1.32、液固比10∶1、搅拌速率500 r/mi...     

磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿的生物浸出研究

研究了磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿的细菌浸出脱硫。研究表明, 酸性溶液中磁黄铁矿比黄铁矿更容易溶解, 其浸出脱硫率比黄铁矿的高。细菌的氧化作用使磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿的脱硫率明显升高, 且随浸出时间的增长,脱硫速度也明显加快。磁黄铁矿细菌浸出的最大脱硫率达65.65%, 比无菌浸出时提高了23.57个百分点; 而黄铁矿细菌浸出的脱硫率最高达50.49%, 比无菌浸出时提高了17.29个百分点。生物浸出磁黄铁矿的过程中存在细菌的直接作用。     

Studies on the mechanism and kinetics of bioleaching

The use of off gas analysis and redox potential measurement has shown that bioleaching involves at least three important sub-processes. The primary attack of the sulphide mineral is a chemical ferric leach. The role of the bacteria is to convert the iron from the ferrous to the ferric form, thereby maintaining a high redox potential.The kinetics of bacterial ferrous iron oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and a Leptospirillum-like bacterium, and the chemical ferric leach kinetics of pyrite have both been described as functions of the ferric/ferrous-iron ratio. Thus, the chemical ferric leach of the mineral and the bacterial oxidation of the ferrous iron are linked by the redox potential, and are in equilibrium when the rate of iron turnover between the mineral and the bacteria is balanced.These rate equations have been used to predict the steady state redox potential and sulfide mineral conversion in a continuous bioleach reactor. The model successfully predicts laboratory data and is being tested against data from pilot-plant and full-scale bioleach systems. Furthermore, the model predicts which bacterial species will predominate and which mineral will be preferentially leached under specific operating conditions. Enzyme restriction analysis has shown that in pyrite-arsenopyrite bioleach reactors the dominant iron oxidizer is L. ferrooxidans, which is in agreement with the predictions of the model.     

Bioleaching of a Spanish complex sulphide ore bulk concentrate

In the present work the applicability of bioleaching using a mixed culture of mesophilic microorganisms (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirilum ferrooxidans) on a bulk concentrate of a Spanish complex sulphide ore was studied. The bulk concentrate mainly consisted of by chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite. Effects of nutrient medium, stirring, pulp density, temperature and the addition of CO₂ (1% v/v) to the air flow were also studied. The highest leaching rates and recoveries were obtained with mechanically stirred reactors at 5% pulp density and 9K medium. However, by using 9K medium higher jarosite precipitation was observed. Results showed that the optimum temperature for copper bioleaching was 30°C, whereas zinc dissolution increased with a rise in the temperature.     

The cell attachment and oxygen consumption of two strains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemolithoautotropic aerobic bacteria which derives energy for its metabolic functions through the oxidation of ferrous iron, sulfur and insoluble sulfides minerals.The attachment of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells to sulfide mineral surfaces was investigated to further understand the mechanism involved in the leaching of sulfide minerals. Two strains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (DSM 583 and ATCC 23270) grown on ferrous iron, sulfur and a chalcopyrite concentrate were investigated on three sulfide mineral surfaces; pyrite, chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite. The degree of attachment of all substrate grown cells along with contact angle measurements of both minerals and cells were determined to evaluate the effect of growth substrate and hydrophobic interactions on the attachment process. In addition, concentrations of both ferrous iron and the flotation collector potassium amyl xanthate were also studied. Whilst sulfur grown cells exhibited a higher degree of hydrophobicity, both ferrous iron and chalcopyrite grown cells showed a greater degree of attachment. This suggests hydrophobic interactions at the mineral/cell interface are not principally responsible for the attachment process. Differences in the adhesion of the two strains were also observed and suggests alternative interaction(s) between the cell and mineral surface is/are principally responsible for attachment. Increasing the concentration of ferrous iron as a growth substrate resulted in an increase in the degree of cell attachment. Correspondingly, increasing the concenrration of amyl xanthate decreased the adhesion of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.Growth substrate, solution pH, ferrous iron, copper and cobalt ion concentrations were also investigated with respect to the oxygen consumption of the two strains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Enzyme reaction kinetics were also studied allowing for determination of Km values for ferrous iron similar to those previously reported. Whilst cells grown on ferrous iron were able to oxidise the iron substrate over the range 1–200mM, cells grown on 1% sulfur were unable to oxidise similar concentrations of the iron substrate. However, following a single subculture onto ferrous iron, sulfur grown cells were able to utilise the ferrous iron substrate all be it at a decreased rate. Investigation of solution pH suggested both cultures had different optimum pH values for ferrous iron oxidation. Increasing concentrations of copper and cobalt (1–100mM) proved to decrease the rate of iron oxidation.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌筛选及基质中Fe2+氧化研究

用液体、固体培养基交替培养的方法从某矿酸性矿坑水中得到一株氧化亚铁硫杆菌,研究了不同初始Fe2 浓度对该菌氧化速率的影响,同时还研究了初始pH值与初始Fe2 浓度对培养过程中沉淀产生的影响。结果表明:初始Fe2 的浓度为9.05 g/L,pH值为2.0左右是减少沉淀产生和发挥细菌氧化活性的最佳条件。     

两种优势菌浸矿机理及动力学研究概况

氧化亚铁硫杆菌是生物浸矿技术中研究较为成熟的、在中温环境中的优势菌,而近年研究发现了另一种中度嗜热环境中的优势菌--嗜铁钩端螺旋菌.由于这两种菌在生物学特性上有较多相似之处,本文综述两种菌的浸矿机理和动力学方面的研究现状,并对其存在问题和今后主要研究方向进行探讨,以期为生物浸矿技术的具体工程运用提供指导.     

一株氧化亚铁硫杆菌的系统进化分析 及其浸矿效果研究

从低品位黄铜矿浸矿菌液中分离到14株嗜酸、亚铁离子氧化菌株, 并对菌株进行了Fe^2＋氧化率及其对低品位黄铜矿铜浸出率的测定。实验表明, YK12菌株的氧化活性最高, 对该菌株进行系统进化分析表明, 该菌株与分离自德国某废铀矿堆中的Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans D2菌株(嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌)相似性最高, 可鉴定为嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌菌株(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)。     

煤炭脱硫菌磁化培育及磁生物效应机理的研究

将磁化技术用于煤炭脱硫菌种的研究,探讨了磁化与非磁化培育对脱硫菌生长的作用和影响.对相同类型不同生长环境下（煤系与非煤系）的氧化亚铁硫杆菌、不同类型的脱硫微生物氧化亚铁硫杆菌和草分枝杆菌的磁化作用效果,以及不同磁化参数对脱硫菌培养生长的影响等进行了研究,并对脱硫微生物磁生物效应作用机理进行了分析探讨.结果表明,磁化环境对微生物的生长有明显影响,磁化作用对矿质化学营养脱硫菌氧化亚铁硫杆菌的生长具有一定的促进作用.     

生物浸矿领域中功能微生物的研究进展

微生物浸出技术是一种新型的环境友好型湿式冶金技术,可以作为解决高品位矿产储量缩减和尾矿堆存数量增加等难题的潜在有效途径。具有浸矿功能的微生物在生物浸矿过程中有着举足轻重的作用。根据浸矿微生物的营养代谢类型可以将微生物分为自养代谢微生物和异养代谢微生物2大类,归纳总结了不同类型微生物在生物浸矿过程的最佳浸矿条件、浸出效率和浸出机理。自养微生物主要用于浸出硫化矿,其中氧化亚铁硫杆菌应用最为广泛,且混合菌的浸出效率高于单一菌的浸出效率;而异养微生物主要用于浸出非硫化矿,介绍了硅酸盐细菌、产氨细菌和真菌在浸矿领域中的功能。在此基础上,提出了高效浸矿功能微生物未来存在突破可能的研究角度：原位驯化与分离筛选功能微生物、构建与应用基因工程菌株、设计与优化特异性培养基、推进异养浸矿微生物的深入研究与实际应用、菌群共代谢调控及菌剂研发等。