Some history of the Army General Classification Test.

The US military services desperately needed appropriate classification procedures when World War II started. The Army General Classification Test (AGCT), a mental ability test, was taken by more than 12,000,000 soldiers and marines to help the Army classify them for specialty and officer training. In 1940, prior to Pearl Harbor, the Personnel Research Section of the Adjutant General's Office in the War Department developed the AGCT. This article describes the efforts to produce the AGCT as well as interview procedures, trade tests, and aptitude tests for mechanical and clerical work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

钢板表面锌层重量检测方法标准比较分析

着重对国内外钢板表面锌层重量的检测标准作一概述,包括原理、范围、精度等。并对标准中的一些技术内容作一探讨。     

A fearsome enemy (1); A history of sanitation in the British Army 1899-1914

This study presents the results of a prospective study of methyl-gag, ifosfamide, methotrexate and etoposide (MIME) as salvage regimen for Hodgkin's disease (HD) in Sweden. Sixty-four patients with recurrent or refractory HD were treated with MIME between July 1988 and December 1993. All patients except one had, earlier, been treated with and failed consecutive or alternating MOPP and ABVD. Median age was 37 yr (range 14-73). Twenty patients (31%) achieved a complete remission (CR) and 17 (27%) a partial remission (PR), giving an overall response rate of 58%. The 5-yr survival for all patients was 43%. In a multivariate analysis, the most important factors predicting a poor survival were the presence of extranodal disease at relapse, male gender and high age. Twenty-nine patients were treated with high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell rescue after MIME. Those patients had a similar survival compared to the patients responding to MIME but not treated with high-dose chemotherapy. We conclude that MIME induces remissions in a high proportion of patients with recurrent and refractory HD with acceptable toxicity. The remissions probably need consolidation, but the nature of this consolidation is still controversial.     

Differential relation of psychological functioning with the history and experience of weight cycling.

Two measures of weight cycling and indexes of psychological functioning were examined in a large sample of dieters. History of weight cycling was assessed to include number of dieting attempts, total lifetime weight lost and regained, and number of weight cycles over 20 lb (9.1 kg). Experience of weight cycling measured perception of being a yo-yo dieter and perceived success at maintaining past weight losses. Experience was more strongly related than history to all psychological measures. Further, when controlling for the effects of age, body mass index, and experience, the relation between history and the psychological variables was nonsignificant. This finding suggests that an individual's perception of being a weight cycler may be more related to psychological problems than the actual number of pounds lost and regained over dine. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dieting behaviors and weight change history in female adolescents.

The prevalence of dieting, weight change history, and specific weight loss behaviors was examined in a population-based sample of 1,015 female 9th–12th graders. Healthy weight loss behaviors were reported much more frequently than unhealthy weight loss behaviors (e.g., healthy behaviors: exercise?=?32.4%, decrease fat intake?=?26.0%, reduce snacks?=?25.0%, reduce kilocalorie intake?=?22.4%; unhealthy behaviors: fasting?=?8.1%, diet pills?=?5.4%, vomiting?=?4.4%). Obesity status and restrained eating scores were positively related to greater history of weight loss episodes, pounds lost, and weight fluctuations and to greater use of healthy weight loss methods and weight loss programs. Implications for public health recommendations regarding dieting and its associated behaviors in female adolescents are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

纯贵金属产品及其检测技术标准发展历史和现状

对国内外已发布的纯贵金属产品标准及检测系列标准进行了汇总梳理,对国内外贵金属产品纯度标准及检测技术方面的发展历史和现状进行了总结,比较了国内外产品标准参数差异及各种检测技术手段的优劣,并对目前存在的问题进行分析探讨,对下一步的发展趋势和热点进行了展望。     

ISO9000系列标准的价值

根据企业实际,介绍了西钢在执行ISO9000系列标准的经验.     

盘条和钢丝国际标准现状及我国标准与国际标准接轨的思考

综述了ISO TC17 SC17秘书处制定的最新盘条和钢丝国际标准的内容和特点 ,提出我国盘条和钢丝国家标准与国际标准接轨的“双向原则”及具体实施方法。     

The history of Distaloy

Abstract

The low alloy steel powder Distaloy, is today widely used in applications demanding high strength and wear resistance. Its basic properties and composition were designed half a century ago in the USA. The advantage lay in the fact that it was a partial prealloy, i.e. the alloying elements – copper, nickel and molybdenum – were bonded in particulate form to the basic iron particles, thus avoiding impairment of the compressibility. By balancing the contents of nickel and copper it was possible to minimize dimensional change on sintering. Bonding the alloy particles to the iron particles minimised segregation and also contributed to dimensional stability. Carbon was added conventionally as fine graphite. However, the new powder, marketed as Ancoloy, did not take off in North America, due to the lack of suitable applications, the cost of the alloying elements and – above all – the poor compressibility and high oxygen content of the iron powder then available. The high, variable oxygen content made it impossible to control the carbon content with the precision necessary to achieve the desired strength and hardness.

In the 1960s, demand for high strength precision parts emerged in the European car industry, initially at Citroen, which pioneered increased use of PM parts in European cars. The component was (and still is) the synchronising hub used in manual transmissions. Höganäs had in the mid-1960s developed a sponge iron powder with much higher compressibility, and this was taken as a raw material for an improved grade, later to be called Distaloy SA. This new powder had improved compressibility and very low oxygen and carbon contents, which made it possible to make the high strength precision parts that the car industry required. Distaloy was immediately accepted and used, first in the French car industry, then elsewhere in Europe and subsequently also in Japan. Some years later, when high compressibility atomised powder became available, the same basic technique was applied to these, to produce the Distaloy A grades, which now are most popular. Höganäs continues to improve and refine the production techniques and to come up with compositions for new applications.

The properties and the metallurgy of Distaloy-based materials have been thoroughly studied by metallurgists at Höganäs and at PM laboratories throughout the world, and new results are still being reported with respect to both applications and fundamental properties. A parameter of great relevance is of course the cost of raw materials and much effort is going into finding more cost effective ways of achieving the desired results.     

The history of hypospadias

The dictum, "There is nothing new in surgery not previously described", is particularly true of hypospadias. The major significance of chordee was fully appreciated by Galen in the second century A. D. and then almost forgotten until Mettauer in 1842, all previous surgeons overstressing the position of the orifice. Mettauer recognised skin shortening as a cause of chordee, a fact not re-discovered until 1967. Urethroplasty from penile skin in situ was well described by Thiersch in 1869 and Duplay in 1874; additional covering skin flaps were developed in 1892 by Lauenstein. The modern enthusiasm for pedicle tubes from prepuce was first employed by Van Hook in 1896, Rochet in 1899, Hamilton Russell in 1900, and Mayo in 1901; the "buried skin" technique of Denis Browne was described by Duplay in 1880, although attributed by Browne to Hamilton Russell in 1915. Even scrotal tissues were incorporated in repairs in 1860 (Bouisson). Beck, in 1898, practised a repair for balanitic hypospadias very similar to the modern MAGPI repair, and free grafts, so popularised in the last 20 years, were performed by Nové-Josserand in 1897. We have certainly advanced from the era of the first millenium A. D., in which the treatment was amputation beyond the orifice, but almost all present-day techniques are well-founded in ideas developed by enterprising surgeons of the last century.     

铁矿石标准概况

介绍了铁矿石标准概况,内容包括术语、贸易、采样和制样、水分测定、物理特性和化学成分测定标准。     

国际标准的内涵价值

论述了国际标准的主要内涵价值:科学合理普遍适用;国际贸易准则;先进技术、先进管理经验与新技术载体;科技动态信息。文章还论述了ISO附加值。作者在本文最后着重指出,我国标准要走上国际,必须与国际标准接轨,迈上三个台阶:强制性标准转化为自愿性标准,生产型标准转化为贸易型标准,国家标准化与国际标准化同步。     

Perspectives on history: Army dietitians in the European, North African, and Mediterranean theaters of operation in World War II

World War II necessitated the mobilization of hundreds of dietitians to serve in military hospitals in the United States and in theaters of war all over the globe. Although initially military dietitians had civilian status, on December 22, 1942, Congress passed Public Law 828, which authorized military status for Army dietitians with relative rank in the Medical Department for the duration of the war and 6 months thereafter. This article chronicles the role of Army dietitians who supported the allied troops in military hospitals in England, Europe, and North Africa during World War II. Recollections of military dietitians who served in the war are included to illustrate the circumstances under which these professionals lived and the dedication with which they worked.     

The BC health information standards council

The establishment of a British Columbia (BC) Health Information Standards Council is one of the strategies that is helping to develop and implement BCs vision for health information management. This vision is of effectively and efficiently managed information that enables informed decision making to achieve the results desired in our health system. The Council focuses on the identification of standards and guidelines that will enable, facilitate and promote effective health information sharing. This focus has resulted in approved and mandated informatics standards for use across the health system in the areas of data, applications, technology, security, confidentiality and privacy.     

中情局官员回忆:国军残部撤离缅甸

1948年以后,中国大陆两股政治势力间的博弈出现转折性的变化,国民党军队开始习惯性溃败,战略要地轮番失守,大批军队和政府机关败退孤岛台湾.1949年10月,新中国成立,但不甘心失败的少数国民党残军窜人人迹罕见的中缅山区,不仅给新中国建设造成一定程度的阻碍,还一度酿成轰动全世界的残军事件,这就是由原国民党上将李弥领导的所谓东南亚自由人民反共联军.2010年9月,美国中情局退役中校弗兰克·范(Frank Fan)以回忆录的形式在美国<陆军历史画刊>上发表文章,陆续将这支神秘部队的前生今世进行了介绍,其中不少细节还是首次披露.