基于有限元气体静压主轴模态分析

为了分析气体静压主轴的动态性能,研究气体静压主轴的设计合理性和高速稳定性,建立了气体静压轴承刚度的模型,应用FLUENT对气体静压轴承进行了流体分析,计算出了气体静压轴承的支撑刚度。在此基础上应用ANSYS Workbench对气体静压主轴进行模态分析,得到了气体静压主轴的各阶固有频率以及其相应振型。分析结果表明了气体静压主轴的共振频率随着轴承刚度的增加而增加,引起气体静压主轴的临界速度远远大于设计的最高速度,说明气体静压主轴设计是合理可靠的。     

“工”字型气体静压主轴的动力学特性研究

针对小孔节流静压气体径向轴承支撑的两种不同结构的"工"字型气体静压主轴的固有频率及振型等动力学特性,采用CFX软件对小孔节流静压气体径向轴承进行刚度的仿真计算,应用Ansys Workbench对单盘、双盘"工"字型主轴进行自由模态和约束模态分析,得到两种主轴各阶的固有频率以及振型。利用锤击法实验模态分析系统对双盘"工"字型主轴进行约束模态实验测试,并将实验结果与仿真结果进行分析对比。结果表明,主轴上的集中质量、不同的阶梯结构以及影响主轴的低阶模态与高阶模态的因素不同等方面对主轴的固有频率及振型等动力学特性产生影响,以及误差的存在,使双盘"工"字型主轴的实验模态值低于有限元仿真的模态值。     

基于ANSYS数控车床静压气体轴承主轴的模态分析

针对气体静压轴承支撑的精密数控车床主轴系统工作高精度的要求,在机床工作过程中,主轴高速旋转,静压气体轴承的支撑刚度随着转速动态变化。为了了解主轴工作过程中的动态特性,应用Pro／E软件对主轴进行三维建模,并用ANSYS对其进行模态分析,得到各阶固有频率和振型。掌握数控车床主轴各阶振动模态的特点,有利于气体轴承支持下的数控车床主轴结构设计,为机床的进一步研究及优化提供理论依据。     

小孔节流静压气体轴颈轴承主轴系统的动态特性分析

通过对小孔节流静压气体轴颈轴承的雷诺方程与描述主轴系统的动力学数学模型联立直接进行数值求解,分析了轴承系统的动力学特性,研究了在不平衡质量作用下轴承主轴系统的响应。结果表明,由于精密离心机小孔节流静压气体轴承的支承刚度大,承载能力高,旋转主轴的运动是稳定的。但在一定条件下,旋转主轴有可能出现不稳定现象,这取决于主轴绕固联坐标系各轴之转动惯量间的关系、轴承支承刚度、主轴旋转速度和不平衡质量控制等因素。该方法用于精密离心机静压气体轴承主轴系统动力学的数值计算,提高了计算精度和可靠性。     

精密离心机静压气体轴承主轴系统的稳定性分析

惯性导航用精密离心机静压气体轴承主轴系统的运动稳定性是保障其标定加速度计精度的重要前提，直接关系到整个机组的安全性与可靠性。将静压气体轴承等效为弹性支承，使轴承的刚度以显函数出现，对主轴的稳定性进行了分析，确定了轴系运动的稳定性条件。通过数值仿真，得到了稳定性区域。分析了转速、支承刚度和转动惯量对轴系运动稳定性的影响，为提高精密离心机的性能提供了一定的依据。     

高速多支承气体静压轴承电主轴的承载特性研究

基于单元气体静压轴承的承载性能，简化多支承气体静压电主轴的支承和主轴结构，建立了有限元分析模型，借助ANSYS软件分析轴系的各种结构方案，并进行承载特性分析对比。研究分析多支承结构的承载机理，总结出提高气体静压电主轴承载特性的措施。分析了不同主轴结构和轴承布置对电主轴承载特性的影响，优选出了的多支承静压轴承电主轴结构。     

精密离心机结构安装误差对主轴回转精度的影响

针对精密离心机的精度控制,建立了精密离心机结构安装误差对静压气体轴承主轴回转精度影响的定量计算模型,运用该模型开展了多方面结构安装误差参量对主轴回转精度影响规律的研究。研究表明主轴回转误差随转盘与静压气体轴承轴线间偏心量、静压气体轴承轴线铅垂度安装误差和转盘与静压气体轴承轴线安装垂直度误差的增加而增大,其中偏心量和垂直度误差对主轴回转误差的影响较大,铅垂度误差对主轴回转误差的影响较小。研究可为精密离心机的设计提供帮助。     

静压气体轴承主轴系统回转误差的控制与补偿

为了提高主轴系统的回转精度,以数控机床静压气体轴承的主轴系统为研究对象,设计以静压气体轴承为主承载元件、主动磁轴承为辅助元件的主轴系统结构。对主轴回转误差的分离进行建模分析,利用主动磁轴承的可控性设计回转误差的控制和补偿方法,并用MATLAB仿真分析该方法对回转误差的补偿结果。结果表明,该主轴系统利用主动磁轴承(AMB)的可控性和静压气体轴承较高的回转精度,由磁轴承作为误差补偿机构,提高了主轴系统的回转精度。     

气体静压主轴旋转振动分析

在气体静压主轴高速旋转过程中，由于气流是由外部气源供给，其外部气源经常受到干扰力的影响，从而使气体静压主轴在旋转过程中发生了偏移和晃动，磨损和摩擦加剧，以至出现微动磨损等现象。为了减少和抑制此类现象的发生，采用等效物理模型对主轴旋转系统进行模拟并计算，为设计气体静压轴承和主轴提供必要的依据，提高系统的可靠性和寿命。     

超高速磨削机床主轴系统模态分析

针对液体动静压轴承支撑的超高速磨削主轴系统工作的特殊性,在机床工作过程中,主轴高速旋转,动静压轴承的支撑刚度随转速动态变化.为了解主轴系统工作过程中的动态特性,应用Flunent软件求解液体动静压轴承的动态支撑刚 度,而后在此基础上利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立超高速磨床主轴系统的三维有限元模型,并对其进行模态分析,得到了各阶固有频率和振型.通过设置不同转速下轴承的支撑刚度,获得主轴系统模态分析结果,并利用图解法求解出主轴系统的临界转速.分析结果表明主轴系统在高速旋转状态下,系统的结构刚度会发生变化,使主轴系统的固有频率改变,并且随着转速提高差异越显著.通过振动试验测试验证仿真分析的可靠性,经分析可知,试验与仿真的误差主要来源于支撑模型的简化.     

数控车床用高速电主轴的结构优化

通过对某车床用电主轴的支承特点进行分析,建立了其主轴—轴承系统的参数化有限元模型;应用ANSYS的优化设计功能,以提高电主轴的刚度为目标,取主轴的支撑跨距为设计参数,以第2阶固有频率为校核条件,对该型电主轴进行了优化,使该主轴的刚度和第2阶固有频率都有所提高。     

Incompressible and Analytical Study on an Out-Pump Type Complex Thrust Gas Bearing

ABSTRACT

The structure of an out-pump type thrust gas bearing was described, and an analytical model was developed under completely incompressible condition. The objectives were to investigate the coupling between aerodynamics and aerostatics in a complex thrust gas bearing and to improve the performance of the bearing. The model showed that the load-carrying capacity had five parts to it and that apparently there were pressure coupling and structure coupling between aerodynamics and aerostatics. The surface feature function was identically positive: it increased the load-carrying capacity greatly. There was also no limit regarding the pressure ratio—when the pressure ratio was 0, the load-carrying capacity increased to about 25%.

     

Incompressible and Analytical Study on a Basic Model of a Complex Journal Gas Bearing

ABSTRACT

A basic analytical model of a hybrid journal gas bearing was set up completely for investigating the coupling between aerodynamics and aerostatics in a hybrid gas bearing under incompressible conditions, and for further improving its performance, under incompressible conditions. In this analytical model, the load-carrying capacity function is composed of five items. Apparently, there are pressure coupling and structure coupling between aerodynamics and aerostatics and when the groove distribution coefficient is 0.36, it is approximately maximum. However, this type of hybrid gas bearing structure can not be used when the pressure ratio is less than 1.

     

GDH512电主轴振动特性分析

以GDH512主轴为研究对象,建立了轴和角接触轴承的等效动力学模型。研究了轴承等效刚度和预紧力参数之间的关系及对主轴系统固有频率影响规律,通过模态分析确定主轴部件的固有频率和振型,并对模型进行谐响应分析,最后用试验验证有限元模型。     

关于轴承预紧力对轴系性能影响的仿真分析

高性能电主轴包括电机驱动与控制系统、主轴轴承系统、润滑与冷却系统、轴承预紧系统等多种重要部件,其中轴承预紧力技术是电主轴的关键技术之一.论文对不同预紧力下的主轴轴承刚度进行了理论计算,并对不同轴承预紧力下的主轴轴承系统进行了模态和谐响应分析.结果表明;随着轴承预紧力的增加,轴承刚度逐渐增大,轴系固有频率逐渐增大,主轴前端和后端径向响应位移逐渐减小,主轴中间径向响应位移则逐渐增大.     

基于有限元方法的磁悬浮磨床电主轴转子系统模态分析

用ANSYS建立电磁轴承支承的磨床电主轴转子的实体有限元模型,并将电磁轴承模化为弹簧支承,在完全弹性支承的情况下对转子进行模态分析,求解转子前四阶固有频率,得出转子固有频率随支承刚度变化的规律,并分析其振型,为磁悬浮转子系统的可靠设计提供理论依据。     

基于ANSYS机械增压器主动轴的动态特性分析

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了机械增压器主动轴系统的三维有限元模型,采用了Subspace模态提取法对主动轴系统进行模态分析,计算主动轴前4阶固有频率和振型,并获得了其在正常工作下的位移频率响应曲线,最后分析了支撑刚度对主动轴固有频率的影响,为机械增压器降噪和控制共振提供了理论依据.     

数控绕线机高速主轴单元的动力学分析

为了分析并提高数控绕线机高速主轴单元的动态性能,以转子动力学有限元理论为基础,以ANSYS有限元分析软件为平台,在考虑支撑刚度和轴系零件的情况下,对SKR-4DQ型全自动数控绕线机主轴单元进行了动力学分析,得出了在不同的支撑刚度下,其高速主轴单元的前3阶振型和固有频率;分析了不同的支撑刚度对主轴固有频率的影响.计算和实验结果表明,所设计的SKR-4DQ型全自动数控绕线机主轴单元能满足在额定转速15 000 r/min下为刚性转子的设计要求.     

Dynamic characteristics of spindle with water-lubricated hydrostatic bearings for ultra-precision machine tools

A key component of ultra-precision machine tools is the spindle. The motivation for this study was to improve machining accuracies in precision cutting and grinding by pursuing improvements in the spindle characteristics by designing a sophisticated spindle with water-lubricated hydrostatic bearings. The static bearing stiffness of the developed spindle was investigated in previous studies. In addition to the static bearing stiffness, the dynamic characteristics regarding bearing stiffness also affect significantly on the machining results. In this study, dynamic characteristics of the developed spindle with water-lubricated hydrostatic bearings were investigated via simulations and experiments. Not only bearing dynamics but also rotor dynamics were considered in this study.In the simulation studies, the spindle dynamic characteristics were analysed based on the transfer matrix method. A spindle rotor supported with hydrostatic bearings was represented by discrete sections of the rotor. The mathematical model of transverse linear vibrations of the spindle rotor was derived with distributed parameters for these discretized rotor sections. As a result of the analysis on the amplitude-frequency characteristic, radial displacements of the rotor due to bearing displacement and bending deformation were defined. Then, the frequency characteristics were represented with Nyquist plots. Resonant frequencies and amplitudes formation in the transverse vibration of the rotor were determined. The influence of rotor bending deformations on spindle compliance was assessed. Furthermore, the study examined the influences of the supply pressure of the lubricating fluid, radial clearance and journal diameter of the hydrostatic bearings on the amplitude of the rotor vibration, and the resonance frequency of the system.Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of the spindle were examined experimentally. The simulation results were in good agreement with the actual spindle dynamics obtained experimentally. The influence of the structural parameters of the rotor and the operating parameters of the bearings on the spindle dynamic characteristics was also determined. It was verified that the amplitude of the vibration of the rotor overhang part was dominantly affected not by bearing stiffness but by bending stiffness of the bearing journal of the front bearing and the length of the rotor overhang.Then it was verified that the resultant displacement of the rotor in the radial direction due to the influence of the bearing characteristics and the structural effect of the rotor is significantly small. Practical recommendations to improve the spindle design in terms of the dynamic characteristics of the spindle with water-lubricated hydrostatic bearings were also derived.     

RESEARCH ON MODELING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPINDLE DYNAMIC COUPLING ABSORBERING SYSTEM OF A SUPER－PRECISION SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE

The bearing is described by constrain matrix, and the spindle system of a NC surface grinding machine is simplified as elastic-coupling beam, then modal synthesis method is used to establish the dynamic model of beam. Moreover, the response of the end of rotor is analyzed, and the natural frequency, principle mode and other dynamic characteristics of the coupling system are studied, the law of bearing stiffness to coupling frequency and amplitude of rotor is also found. Finally, according to the actual condition, a dynamic absorber is designed. The simulation and experimental results show that the amplitude of spindle can be declined effectively when the dynamic absorber is attached.