碳质耐火材料

由于具有独特的性能，例如热导率高、热膨胀低、抗热震性能好、与渣接触化学活性小，因而碳质或含碳耐火材料被广为关注。它们被分为两类：碳砖/大块和含碳材料。含碳材料又被进一步划分为碱性含碳耐火材料和非碱性含碳耐火材料。分析了制造过程。对其物理性能、热性能、机械性能、化学性能也进行了评价。对这些类型耐火材料的抗氧化剂和结合剂也进行了评论。其应用也被仔细分析。     

含碳耐火材料中碳的定量分析技术

就含有碳和碳化硅的含碳耐火材料而言，如MgO-C砖、Al2O3-MgO-C砖、Al2O3-SiC-C砖等定型耐火材料和高炉出铁沟料、炮泥料等不定形耐火材料，采用重量法、气体容量法、中和滴定法、冷凝气化法、电导率法、电量法、热导率法、红外线吸收法等分析方法，对含碳耐火材料进行了全碳定量分析、游离碳定量分析、碳化硅定量分析，评价了含碳耐火材料的质量特性。     

含碳耐火材料用硼基抗氧化剂研究进展

含碳耐火材料具有优异的抗热震性及抗渣侵蚀性等性能，被广泛应用于炼钢系统的关键部位。但这些耐火材料中过高的碳含量会产生钢液增碳、能耗增大等问题。为了满足含碳耐火材料低碳化发展的要求，高效抗氧化剂的研发至关重要。因此，综述了含碳耐火材料抗氧化剂的作用机制及硼基抗氧化剂的研究进展，重点阐述了单相硼基抗氧化剂、复合硼基抗氧化剂的研发状况以及对含碳耐火材料性能的影响，并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Al_2O_3-SiC-C砖的碳质结合剂与强度

1 前言 Al_2O_3-SiC-C砖等含碳耐火材料,因其耐渣侵蚀性和耐热震性优良而被广泛用于以混铁车为主的各个领域。酚醛树脂和沥青等碳质结合剂被单独或组合使用于这些含碳耐火材料中,耐火材料的诸性能受到这些碳质结合剂特性的影响。尤其是强度受液体树脂和粉状结合剂的混合性,即二者混合物的碳化组织的影响。本次在两种液体树脂中加入两种粉状结合剂(粉     

谢米鲁基耐火材料厂镁碳质耐火材料的开发

谢米鲁基耐火材料厂在耐火材料原料颗粒组成不稳定的情况下,通过调节配料颗粒组成,制定了生产镁碳质碳火材料的工艺,并进行了工业试生产,对铸造石墨,元素石墨和坩埚石墨作为耐火材料的主要含碳组分进行了综合比较评价。结果表明,采用坩埚石墨最能满足性能要求,对不含金属铝和其含量不贩 镁碳质耐火材料在马哥尼托格尔斯克钢股份公司385t钢包壁上试用查明,针对内衬使用的条件特点,可以有选择地使用抗氧化剂。     

碳热还原氧化法制备氧化镁粉体研究

为提高镁质含碳耐火材料中氧化镁的利用率,对该材料中的氧化镁进行提纯。以废弃镁质含碳耐火材料为原料,设计感应加热装置模型,利用感应炉加热系统对含碳原料加热,用碳热还原氧化法将废弃镁质含碳耐火材料中的氧化物在高温还原气氛下,还原成气相并在空气中氧化形成氧化镁粉体。经化学分析、XRD、SEM等测试发现,氧化镁粉体材料中氧化镁含量大于98%(质量分数),氧化镁粉体晶粒粒径为2～3μm,尺寸均匀。通过热力学分析,采用碳热还原氧化法还原生成的SiO气相在氧化过程中受到了Mg(g)、Ca(g)钙气相氧化的抑制作用。     

专利信息

未烧成的含碳耐火物及熔融金属用容器本发明提供一种不会使熔融金属用容器的内衬耐用性降低、可以防止铁皮变形、增加罐体寿命、抑制熔钢温度的降低以及可以降低能量损失,适合做为熔融金属用容器内衬的含碳耐火材料；本发明还提供一种可以削减能量损失且耐用性安定的熔融金属用容器。具体而言，本发明为一种非烧结含碳耐火材料，在包含耐火性骨料以及小于30wt%的含石墨非烧结含碳耐火材料中，耐火材料的碳含量x（wt%)与热传导率λ（W/m℃）之间存在λ≤0.8x+7的关系。表观气孔率为10%以下、大于1mm的耐火性骨料，相对于耐火性骨料与碳原料…     

含碳耐火材料的耐蚀性评价方法

介绍了采用回转侵蚀法，对以MgO—C砖、从Al2O3—C砖为主的含碳耐火材料的耐蚀性进行试验时。通过在试样内面组装钢管作为保护板。在从常温升到试验温度期间，将外部气体与试样之间加以物理遮断。能够抑制碳在升温过程中的氧化。从而确立了高精度评价含碳耐火材料抗炉渣侵蚀性的方法。     

含碳浇注料的研制

含碳耐火材料因具有抗侵蚀性好,抗热震性高等一系列优点而得到广泛应用。但由于与水的润湿性差,将碳质原料应用于浇注料时会引起浇注料加水量的增大,从而恶化材料的性能,使碳在浇注料中的应用受到限制。为此,研究了以不同形式加入的碳对浇注料性能的影响。金属Al、Si在含碳耐火材料中作为抗氧化剂能起到防止碳氧化的作用。此外,由于熔点较低,金属的添加对于降低材料的烧结温度具有积极意义。因此,研究了金属Al的加入形式对浇注料性能的影响。1原料及试验方法以棕刚玉(w(Al2O3)=95.24%)、板状刚玉(w(Al2O3)=95.12%)、SiC粉、Al2O3微粉(w…     

碳纳米管在低碳复合耐火材料中的研究进展

为了缓解含碳耐火材料中因碳含量降低致使使用寿命降低的问题,将碳纳米管引入到低碳耐火材料中。总结了碳纳米管在低碳耐火材料中的研究现状,提出了目前研究中存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

Low‐Carbon Magnesia‐Carbon Refractory: Use of N220 Nanocarbon Black

Addition of nanocarbon black up to 3 wt% was done in MgO‐C refractories, containing fixed 3 and 5 wt% of graphite, to study the effect on various refractory properties. Uniform distribution of carbon particles even at 1 wt% of nanocarbon black with 3 and 5 wt% of graphite was found to improve the refractory properties. The coked strength, hot strength, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance were found to be improved for nanocarbon‐containing MgO‐C refractory compared with the conventional refractory due to in situ formation of Al₄C₃. Higher amount of nanocarbon black was found to deteriorate the refractory properties.     

Alumina Carbon Refractory Products for Continuous Casting

YB/T 007-2003 1 ScopeThis standard specifies the classification,technical requirements,test methods,inspection rules,packing,marking,transportation,storage and quality certificate of alumina carbon refractory products for continuous casting. This standard is applicable to the alumina carbon(composite zirconia carbon,magnesia carbon)refractory products for iron and steel continuous casting.     

Investigations of SP-AMS Carbon Ion Distributions as a Function of Refractory Black Carbon Particle Type

The soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) instrument combines continuous wave laser vaporization with electron ionization aerosol mass spectrometry to characterize airborne, refractory black carbon (rBC) particles. The laser selectively vaporizes absorbing rBC-containing particles, allowing the SP-AMS to provide direct chemical information on the refractory and non-refractory chemical components, providing the potential to fingerprint various rBC particle types. In this study, SP-AMS mass spectra were measured for 12 types of rBC particles produced by industrial and combustion processes to explore differences in the carbon cluster (C_n⁺) mass spectra. The C_n⁺ mass spectra were classified into three categories based on their ion distributions, which varied with rBC particle type. The carbon ion distributions were investigated as a function of laser power, electron ionization (on/off), and ion charge (positive or negative). Results indicate that the dominant positive ion-formation mechanism is likely the vaporization of small, neutral carbon clusters followed by electron ionization (C₁⁺ to C₅⁺). Significant ion signal from larger carbon cluster ions (and their fragment ions in the small carbon cluster range), including mid carbon (C₆⁺ to C₂₉⁺) and fullerene (greater than C₃₀⁺) ions, were observed in soot produced under incomplete combustion conditions, including biomass burning, as well as in fullerene-enriched materials. Fullerene ions were also observed at high laser power with electron ionization turned off, formed via an additional ionization mechanism. We expect this SP-AMS technique to find application in the identification of the source and atmospheric history of airborne ambient rBC particles.

Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research     

超声辐照制备聚醋酸乙烯酯/碳纳米管/炭黑导电复合材料

采用两步法制备了导电性聚醋酸乙烯酯/碳纳米管/炭黑复合材料。实验结果表明:超声辐照乳液聚合比常规搅拌能更有效地破坏CNTs的团聚和缠绕,实现其均匀分散。因而CNTs可作为"桥梁"连接导电炭黑,形成导电网络,增加复合材料中形成的导电通路数,增大载流子在导电粒子间的跃迁几率,提高聚醋酸乙烯酯/炭黑复合材料的导电率。当聚醋酸乙烯酯/炭黑复合材料中含有0.28%碳纳米管时,复合材料的电阻率从7.7×104Ω·cm降低到3.9×103Ω·cm,下降了19倍。     

含碳耐火材料用结合剂的现状及改进意见

介绍了含碳耐火材料用结合剂的生产现状、工艺过程、产品优缺点及其对成品砖质量的影响情况,并提出了提高各类结合剂质量的改进措施。     

Influence of Gas Composition on the Resisting Ability of Gunning Material for Blast Furnace to Carbon Monoxide Corrosion

This paper describes the resisting ability of gunning material for blast furnace to carbon monoxide corrosion under the mixed gas condition through inletting hydrogen into pure CO.A standard for testing the resisting ability of refractory to CO corrosion with mixed gas instead of pure CO has also been discussed.The results show:The addition of hydrogen accelerate the CO corrosion on gunning material;the same results has been reached with the CO,200 hours and CO 95% H2 5%,24 hours,It is reasonable to use CO 95% H2 5%,24 hours instead of pure CO, 200 hours to test the resisting ability of refractory to carbon monoxide corrosion.     

脱硫脱硝用活性炭研究进展

化石燃料的使用过程中产生大量的含硫、氮氧化物以及二氧化碳的烟气,造成了酸雨和温室效应。活性炭作为一种清洁高效的选择性吸附剂,对化石资源加工过程中的脱硫脱硝发挥越来越重要的作用。其脱硫脱硝性能与孔隙结构以及表面官能团等物理化学性质具有十分密切的关系。本文介绍了活性炭脱硫脱硝的吸附机理,国内外活性炭脱硫脱硝研究现状和存在的问题,重点对活性炭类型和改性活性炭用于脱硫脱硝进行了系统总结。     

脱硫脱硝用活性炭研究进展

化石燃料的使用过程中产生大量的含硫、氮氧化物以及二氧化碳的烟气,造成了酸雨和温室效应。活性炭作为一种清洁高效的选择性吸附剂,对化石资源加工过程中的脱硫脱硝发挥越来越重要的作用。其脱硫脱硝性能与孔隙结构以及表面官能团等物理化学性质具有十分密切的关系。本文介绍了活性炭脱硫脱硝的吸附机理,国内外活性炭脱硫脱硝研究现状和存在的问题,重点对活性炭类型和改性活性炭用于脱硫脱硝进行了系统总结。     

Effect of Refractory Oxides on the Oxidation of Graphite and Amorphous Carbon

The effect of refractory oxides on the oxidation of graphite and amorphous carbon was investigated. Al₂O₃ accelerated the oxidation of graphite greatly. TiO₂, ZrO₂, and MgO inhibited the oxidation of graphite, while SiO₂ inhibited the oxidation of graphite slightly. The above oxides had no effect on the oxidation of amorphous carbon.