蒙脱土复合材料的制备及其与皮胶原作用的研究

研究选用N ,N -二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、铬鞣革屑水解液及 1 63 1等不同插层剂 ,对钠基蒙脱土进行了改性 ;将改性蒙脱土与乙烯基聚合物在一定条件下复合制备复合鞣剂 ;将改性蒙脱土、复合鞣剂用于皮革鞣制 ,考察它们对酸皮的填充性 ,对坯革抗张强度、撕裂强度、崩破强度等物理机械性能的影响。离子交换容量(CEC)、X -射线衍射 (XRD)测定结果表明 :有机阳离子已和钠基蒙脱土中的钠离子发生离子交换作用 ,且蒙脱土层间距变大。皮革鞣制试验结果表明 :各种材料都能产生一定的鞣制效应。     

示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究乙烯基类聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合鞣剂的鞣制机理

采用皮粉及化学修饰皮粉,分别与乙烯基类聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合鞣剂、乙烯基类聚合物作用,并对鞣制前后的各种皮粉进行DSC测试。分析DSC谱图得知,鞣制后皮粉的收缩温度、协同单元、发生收缩反应时的反应级数以及活化能,均大于未鞣制皮粉,说明纳米复合鞣剂及乙烯基类聚合物具有一定的鞣制作用,且纳米复合鞣剂的鞣制作用大于乙烯基类聚合物,胶原中的氨基是与鞣剂结合的主要基团。     

有机/无机纳米复合鞣剂的制备及应用

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC),通过离子交换法制备了改性蒙脱土;将一定配比的丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸乙酯(EA)[n(AA)∶n(AM)∶n(EA)]=6∶4∶0.8],以过硫酸铵引发自由基水溶液聚合制备了乙烯基类聚合物;将乙烯基类聚合物与改性蒙脱土以一定比例混合[m(VP)∶m(C-MMT)=1∶1]后,经超声波处理1h,90℃下剧烈搅拌4h,再调节体系pH值至5.5左右,制得复合鞣剂。将VP/C-MMT复合鞣剂应用于绵羊浸酸皮的鞣制试验,研究结果表明:纳米复合鞣剂VP/C-MMT配合使用质量分数为酸皮质量计量的2%的铬粉鞣制绵羊酸皮,可使坯革收缩温度达到90℃,同时比用质量分数为酸皮质量计量的8%的铬粉进行常规铬鞣,坯革的增厚率提高265.3%;坯革的透水气性和物理机械性能与用质量分数为8%的铬粉进行常规铬鞣的坯革相接近。     

乙烯基类聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合鞣剂鞣制机理的研究 -复合鞣剂与皮胶原模型物的作用

选用聚酰胺和聚乙烯醇作为皮胶原模型物,分别模拟皮胶原分子中的肽基和羟基,将乙烯基类聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合鞣剂在不同用量和pH条件下与之作用,以复合鞣剂与胶原模型物的结合量,考察它们相互作用的方式和程度;并以乙烯基类聚合物与皮胶原模型物的相互作用作为对照,考察乙烯基类聚合物与蒙脱土的复合是否具有协同效应.结果表明复合鞣剂主要以物理吸附、氢键及电价键或酯键的方式与胶原模型物作用,且有少量的共价键结合;pH在3.8左右,复合鞣剂用量在25%左右,复合鞣剂与2种胶原模型物的作用效果较好;乙烯基类聚合物与蒙脱土的复合,具有较好的协同鞣制效应.     

专利文摘

乙烯基聚合物／改性蒙脱土纳米复合鞣剂的制备工艺;一种涂布渗透湿法聚氨酯基材的工艺方法及配方；阳离子乙烯共聚物／铝盐复合皮革染色加脂助剂及其制备方法；一种纳米改性革用聚氨酯材料及其制备方法；乳化剂组合物和低成雾性的高上染乳液加脂组合物、其制备和用途。     

蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及应用研究

利用离子交换法对钠基蒙脱土进行了改性。探讨了钠基蒙脱土及改性蒙脱土在处理制革废水方面的应用及有机改性蒙脱土 / Cr3 复合物在鞣制方面的应用 ;对有机改性蒙脱土增强增韧聚合物材料的性能进行了检测。对有机改性蒙脱土的 CEC(cation exchange capacity,离子交换容量 ,mmol/ 10 0 g)、FT- IR(傅立叶变换红外光谱 )及 XRD(X射线衍射 )测定结果表明 :有机阳离子已和钠基蒙脱土发生离子交换作用 ,使蒙脱土的层间距增大 ;蒙脱土及改性蒙脱土可对制革废水进行处理 ,较好地吸附废水中的油脂 ;钠基蒙脱土及有机改性蒙脱土对皮革有一定的鞣制作用 ,与无机鞣剂结合使用可大大减少无机鞣剂的用量 ,使鞣后坯革具有较高的收缩温度 ;有机改性蒙脱土用于聚合物材料的复合物改性 ,能使复合材料的强度和韧性得到较大提高 ,为纳米涂饰剂的开发提供了新的思路。     

乙烯基类聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合鞣剂与皮胶原相互作用的研究

在不同用量和不同pH值条件下,将乙烯基类聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合鞣剂与皮粉作用,考察复合鞣剂用量及pH值对鞣剂结合量的影响,找出鞣剂的理想用量和适宜pH值;在理想用量和适宜pH值条件下,将复合鞣剂与去氨基皮粉、酯化皮粉作用,研究胶原氨基和羧基与复合鞣剂的结合;在相同的试验条件下,将乙烯基类聚合物与皮粉、去氨基皮粉、酯化皮粉作用,研究乙烯基类聚合物与胶原氨基和羧基的结合,并将两者的试验结果进行对比,以此考察乙烯基类聚合物与蒙脱土的复合是否具有协同效应。研究结果表明:pH值在3.95左右,复合鞣剂用量在30%左右,复合鞣剂与皮粉的作用效果最好;复合鞣剂与皮粉主要是以电价键、共价键和酯键方式结合的;胶原分子链中的氨基是复合鞣剂主要的结合基团,而羧基的作用相对较少;乙烯基类聚合物与蒙脱土的复合具有一定协同效应。     

硅藻土负载DMT-Ⅱ无铬鞣剂鞣革的研究

将硅藻土负载DMT-Ⅱ无铬鞣剂用于山羊皮的鞣制,通过正交试验,确定它们的最佳质量比,同时考察预鞣剂种类、鞣液的pH对坯革物理-机械性能的影响,并对最佳条件下所鞣得的山羊坯革进行物理-机械性能测试。结果表明:鞣制过程中硅藻土负载DMT-Ⅱ无铬鞣剂鞣革的最佳工艺条件是采用改性戊二醛预鞣,用量质量分数为2%,起始pH值3.4～3.5,锆-铝-钛配合鞣剂与硅藻土的质量比为7%∶2.1%,所鞣得的山羊坯革收缩温度达到90℃以上。     

7-羟基全氢化恶唑并恶嗪在皮革工业中的应用

本文报导了新型鞣剂7-羟基全氢化恶唑并恶嗪(以下简称OX-Z)在皮革鞣制中的应用。OX-Z对浸酸绵羊皮单独鞣制可使收缩温度升高到87℃，最佳鞣制条件为：pHl0．0，OX-Z用量5％，鞣制时间8h。先用5％OX-Z预鞣后，皮子再用4％的标准铬粉鞣制8h，其收缩温度可达到95℃以上。OX-Z与铬结合鞣的坯革其厚度、撕裂强度、规定负荷伸长率和断裂伸长率均有所增加，而抗张强度则有所下降。     

PT有机膦盐鞣剂鞣性及其应用工艺的研究

通过对坯革收缩温度、物理机械强度等指标的测定,考察了PT有机膦盐鞣剂的用量、温度、pH值等工艺参数,对其鞣制效应的影响,确定了其主鞣时最佳应用工艺参数,即:用量1·5%,常温鞣制,初期pH值控制在2·5~3·0,后期pH控制在6·0。鞣制坯革经酸液、碱液、盐水、脲、丙酮介质洗脱后,其收缩温度基本保持不变,膦盐鞣剂与皮胶原的化学结合方式是以共价键形式为主。在毛皮鞣制中鞣性良好,毛被和皮板纯白,耐晒和耐烫性能优异。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press