电除雾器在硫酸系统使用中存在问题及解决办法

电除雾器是硫酸生产系统中必不可少的装置,它运行的状态正常与否严重影响了硫酸产品的质量。文章介绍了电除雾器的工作原理及结构形式,分析了电除雾器在硫酸生产系统中的易出现的问题,产生的原因及解决办法。     

298 K时三元体系MeSO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O的相平衡

用等温溶解平衡法研究了298 K时MeSO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O三元体系的溶解度,并绘制了平衡相图. 结果表明,在MnSO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O体系中,有MnSO4×H2O, (NH4)2Mn(SO4)2×6H2O和(NH4)2SO4 3条饱和曲线,组成为MnSO4×H2O和(NH4)2Mn(SO4)2×6H2O及(NH4)2Mn(SO4)2×6H2O和(NH4)2SO4的2个共饱和点,以及平衡固相为(NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2Mn(SO4)2×6H2O和MnSO4×H2O的3个纯盐结晶区. 在ZnSO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O体系中,有(NH4)2Zn(SO4)2×6H2O, ZnSO4×7H2O与(NH4)2SO4 3条饱和曲线,组成为(NH4)2Zn(SO4)2×6H2O和ZnSO4×7H2O及(NH4)2SO4和(NH4)2Zn(SO4)2×6H2O的2个共饱和点,以及平衡固相为(NH4)2Zn(SO4)2×6H2O, ZnSO4×7H2O和(NH4)2SO4的3个纯盐结晶区. 在(NH4)2SO4-FeSO4-H2O体系中,有(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2×6H2O, FeSO4×7H2O和(NH4)2SO4的3条饱和曲线,组成为(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2×6H2O和FeSO4×7H2O及(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2×6H2O和(NH4)2SO4的2个共饱和点,以及平衡固相为(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2×6H2O, FeSO4×7H2O和(NH4)2SO4的3个纯盐结晶区. 研究结果既为含Fe2+, Mn2+和Zn2+溶液的复盐沉淀深度净化提供了理论指导,同时也为四元体系的研究奠定了基础.     

Measurement and Correlation of Solubility for Propylene in 2-Butanol+Water Solutions

In order to obtain solubility data of propylene in 2-butanol+water solutions, gas-liquid equilibrium (GLE) experiment was carried out at 303.15-333.15 K, 0.3-1.2MPa with static equilibrium still. Original mass ratios of 2-butanol to water are 1 : 0, 9 : 1, 8 : 2 and 7 : 3, respectively. The equilibrium data are correlated with an empirical correlation. The average relative deviation (ARD) between experimental and calculated values is 2.15%, and the maximum relative deviation (MRD) is less than 5%.     

丙烯在仲丁醇-水溶液中溶解度的测定与关联

In order to obtain solubility data of propylene in 2-butanol water solutions, gas-liquid equilibrium(GLE) experiment was carried out at 303.15--333.15 K, 0.3-1.2 MPa with static equilibrium still. Original mass ratios of 2-butanol to water are 1:0，9:1,8:2 and 7:3, respectively. The equilibrium data are correlated with an empirical correlation. The average relative deviation (ARD) between experimental and calculated values is 2.15%,and the maximum relative deviation (MRD) is less than 5%.     

400kt／a硫磺制酸装置中循环水冷却系统加硫酸除垢的实践

某公司400kt／a硫磺制酸装置循环水冷却系统的冷却塔填料结垢,使其换热通道堵塞严重,造成干吸塔的酸温、循环水的温度较高,采取了间断性向循环水池添加硫酸,控制循环水pH值,加大循环水排污量等措施,生产实践证明除垢效果、可操作性和经济性良好。     

Determination and Correlation of Solubility for D-Xylose in Volatile Fatty Acid Solvents

The solubility of D-xylose in formic acid and binary solvents of formic acid with formic acid and acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid or isobutyric acid was measured in the temperature range from 300.35 to 325.05 K using the synthetic method by a laser monitoring technique at atmospheric pressure. The solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical study. The experimental data show that the solubility of D-xylose in formic acid and in the mixtures of formic acid＋acetic acid （1︰1）, formic acid＋propionic acid （1︰1）, formic acid＋n-butyric acid （1︰1）, and formic acid＋isobutyric acid （1︰1） increases with temperature. The Apelblat equation, theλh model, and the ideal solution equation correlate the solubility data well.     

三水碳酸镁在Li+Na+K十NH4+Mg+Cl+H2O体系中溶解度的全组分化学模拟（英文）

A chemical model,based on Pitzer activity coefficient model,is developed with a speciation approach to describe the solubility and chemistry of nesquehonite in concentrated chloride solutions.The chemical equilibrium constants for nesquehonite and aqueous species,i.e.0 3 MgCO,3 MgHCO,and MgOH +,are precisely calculated as a function of temperature according to the Van’t Hoff equation by use of standard Gibbs free energy,standard formation enthalpy and heat capacity.The most recent solubility data are regressed to obtain new Pitzer parameters with good agreement.The predictive ability of the new model is improved significantly in comparison with previous models.The behavior of speciation chemistry for nesquehonite in various chloride media is explained through this modeling work on the basis of the 2 3 Mg /CO bearing species distribution,activity coefficient and pH changes.     

Solubilities of Isophthalic Acid in Acetic Acid + Water Solvent Mixtures

The solubilities of isophthalic acid (1) in binary acetic acid (2)+water (3) solvent mixtures were determined in a pressurized vessel. The temperature range was from 373.2 to 473.2K and the range of the mole fraction of acetic acid in the solvent mixtures was from x₂ 0 to 1. A new method to measure the solubility was developed, which solved the problem of sampling at high temperature. The experimental results indicated that within the temperature range studied, the solubilities of isophthalic acid in all mixtures showed an increasing trend with increasing temperature. The experimental solubilities were correlated by the Buchowski equation, and the calculate results showed good agreement with the experimental solubilities. Furthermore, the mixed solvent systems were found to exhibit a maximum solubility effect on the solubility, which may be attributed to the intermolecular association between the solute and the solvent mixture. The maximum solubility effect was well modeled by the modified Wilson equation.     

硫酸装置干吸工序技术改造实践

在硫酸装置干吸工序改造中,引用了带阳极保护管壳式浓硫酸冷却器,高强度的填料塔,对填料,填料支承,除沫器及一些辅助设备进行了改造,改造后技术指标良好,设备运行平稳。     

冶炼烟气制酸中酸性污水的资源化综合利用

介绍了冶炼烟气制酸中酸性污水的现状,包括酸性污水的来源、主要特点和常规处理方法,结合实例探讨了酸性污水的资源化综合利用的新方法,并分析了下阶段冶炼烟气制酸中酸性污水资源化综合利用的发展趋势     

Enhanced Water Solubility and Anti-Tumor Activity of Oleanolic Acid through Chemical Structure Modification

Cancer has been a major health problem in the world in the past decades. It is urgent to develop new, effective and safe drugs for the treatment of cancer. There are many pentacyclic triterpenoids with positive anti-tumor activity and safety in nature. Oleanolic acid (OA), as one of the pentacyclic triterpenoids, also has broad biological activities including liver protection, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antiviral and anti-tumor. Therefore, to investigate its anti-tumor activity and mechanism, many OA derivatives have been developed. Some derivatives are less toxic to normal hepatocytes, which may be due to the strong liver protection ability of OA. However, the poor water solubility of OA is one of the main reasons for the weak anti-tumor activity. It is reported that some OA derivatives could enhance solubility by chemically linking some hydrophilic groups to improve anti-tumor activity. This review not only summarizes the highly water-soluble OA derivatives that can improve anti-tumor activity reported in recent years, but also introduces their possible anti-tumor mechanisms.     

Solubility of argon in acetone + water mixed solvent at 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K

Solubilities of argon were determined in acetone + water mixed solvent over the full range of composition using a static method. The gas solubilities were measured at three temperatures of 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K. The solubility dependence on the temperature in the mixed solvent was measured and discussed, and the similarity between excess quantities of mixed solvent and those of gas solubilities was examined. The order of gas solubility of argon in acetone + water mixed solvent at the three different temperatures was 288. 15 > 298.15 > 308.15 K in the composition range of 0 ≤ x₂2 ≤ 0.15. However, the reverse relationship with temperature was observed in the range of composition of 0.15 < x₂ ≤ 1.0. For all solubility curves, maximum and minimum values of solubility were observed at lower temperatures, but not at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the excess Ostwald coefficients on the basis of volume fraction which express the non-ideality of gas solubility in non-ideal solutions were defined, and they were expressed by a polynomial equation of the Redlich-Kister (1948) type.     

华山集团硫酸和磷复肥装置污水综合利用技术

2007～2008年陕西华山化工集团有限公司投资170多万元,改造了复肥厂硫酸、磷酸、磷酸二铵(DAP)、磷酸一铵(MAP)装置的污水利用工艺,其技术核心包括:一是硫酸净化污水全部用于洗涤磷酸真空过滤机上的磷石膏,二是DAP和MAP装置的污水经氨中和后用作研磨磷矿的工艺水,三是稀磷酸代替水热洗DAP装置和MAP装置,四是用硫酸钠替代氯化钠生产氟硅酸钠产品。技改后,4套装置工业污水实现零排放,每年可回收硫酸1700t(标酸)、NH3-N和P2O5约480t,节约水300kt,合计价值约200万元。     

用木质素磺酸铵作标准化试剂提高单偶氮、双偶氮酸性染料的冷水溶解度的方法

一般的酸性染料溶解度较小,而本文所介绍的单或双偶氮酸性染料,实际上是以碱金属盐的形式存在,由于加入了（按重量计）80％～30％的木质素磺酸铵,改善了室温的冷水溶解度。木质素磺酸铵既作为标准化试剂,用来调节高强度染料到稳定的商品染料,同时又能提高染料在室温时冷水溶解度。     

对苯二甲酸在水和醋酸体系中相平衡测定与关联

在一定温度下 ,对苯二甲酸、水和醋酸达到固液平衡 ,体系为饱和溶液 ,利用标准氢氧化钠溶液滴定饱和溶液中溶质的含量来测定对苯二甲酸。同时 ,采用热力学模型关联实验数据 ,结果令人满意。     

2-萘酚与苯甲酸在含夹带剂的超临界流体中溶解度的研究

在自建的超临界流体溶解度实验装置中，测定了固体溶质2—萘酚、苯甲酸在超临界CO2中的溶解度，实验对该类物质的超临界萃取提供了基础数据。对数据的分析讨论表明，随着压力的升高，物质的溶解度增高；随着温度的升高，溶解度的变化比较复杂，在低于特定压力(转变压力)时，温度升高，溶解度增高；在高于特定压力时，温度升高，溶解度降低；夹带剂可以大大提高固体溶质的溶解度，不同的夹带剂，所起作用大小不同；夹带剂的极性、氢键作用对溶解度的提高起着很重要的作用。     

钽材换热器及玻璃设备在废硫酸浓缩中的应用

有机废硫酸的浓缩回收已成为三废治理和环境保护的一项急需解决的课题,由于稀硫酸腐蚀性强,浓缩设备的维护和更换费用高,科学合理地选用耐酸腐蚀材料是废硫酸浓缩装置长周期稳定运行的关键之一。介绍了钽材和玻璃的特性,以及钽材换热器和玻璃设备在废硫酸浓缩中的应用。     

电解质溶液中氨基酸的萃取平衡模型

通过对色氨酸在三辛基甲基氯化铵 (TOMAC) /正辛烷体系中分配平衡行为分析 ,推导了氨基酸的普遍化液液萃取平衡模型。根据氨基酸的分配平衡数据 ,获得了TOMAC萃取色氨酸的萃取平衡常数。系统地分析了离子强度对色氨酸分配平衡的影响 ,考虑氨基酸溶液非理想行为的离子强度效应 ,对分配模型进行了修正。修正后的氨基酸分配平衡模型与实验结果一致     

对叔丁基苯酚在盐水中溶解度的测定及关联

采用平衡法测定了温度在293.15~353.15 K时4-TBP在纯水、质量分数为5%、10%、15%和20%NaCl溶液中的溶解度。结果表明:4-TBP在这5种溶液中的溶解度均随温度的增高而增大,且其溶解度随NaCl溶液浓度的增加而减小。分别采用理想溶液模型、Apelblat模型和Yaws模型对溶解度数据进行了关联,总平均相对误差分别为2.08%、1.96%和2.00%。结果表明,理想溶液模型、Apelblat模型和Yaws模型均可以较好地关联4-TBP的溶解度数据,3种模型对含电解质的三元物系同样适用。