Studies on γ‐Fe2O3–high‐density polyethylene composites and their additives

γ‐Fe₂O₃–high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composite films are prepared by a gel‐casting technique. To understand the effect of additives, rice husk ash and thiourea are made to disperse in the HDPE matrix to obtain the composite films with additives. The as‐prepared γ‐Fe₂O₃–HDPE composite films with their additives are subjected to characterization and study through X‐ray diffraction, thermal, scanning electron microscopy, and dielectric measurements. The results are qualitatively treated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1527–1533, 2004     

Synthesis and characterization of polyimide‐γ‐Fe2O3 nanocomposites

Novel polyimide‐γ‐Fe₂O₃ hybrid nanocomposite films (PI/γ‐Fe₂O₃) has been developed from the poly(amic acid) salt of oxydianiline with different weight percentages (5, 10, 15 wt %) of γ‐Fe₂O₃ using tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as aprotic solvents. The prepared polyimide‐γ‐Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite films were characterized for their structure, morphology, and thermal behavior employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ¹³C‐NMR, and thermal analysis (TGA/DSC) techniques. These studies showed the homogenous dispersion of γ‐Fe₂O₃ in the polyimide matrix with an increase in the thermal stability of the composite films on γ‐Fe₂O₃ loadings. Magnetization measurements (magnetic hysteresis traces) have shown very high values of coercive force indicating their possible use in memory devices and in other related applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 834–840, 2007     

Novel high dielectric constant nanocomposites of polyaniline dispersed with γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles

Novel nanocomposites of polyaniline dispersed with γ‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were prepared by the in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of ammonium peroxysulfate as an oxidizing agent. Dielectric constants of the derived composites varied with the composition of γ‐Fe₂O₃ present in the matrix. A maximum dielectric constant of ～5500 was achieved when 10 mass % γ‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were present. Nanocomposites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analytical techniques. Conductivity increased marginally by increasing the amount of γ‐Fe₂O₃ in the matrix. Dielectric constants increased 100–150 times compared to plain polyaniline matrix and were 20–40 times higher than that of γ‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1868–1874, 2005     

Interfacial and mechanical properties of γ‐Fe2O3/segmented polyurethane/poly(vinyl chloride) composites

Segmented polyurethane (SPU)/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends were particulated with γ‐Fe₂O₃. Interfacial properties of the composite were studied through the adsorption behaviors of SPU and PVC and their blends on γ‐Fe₂O₃ particles surface. Mechanical properties of the composite were measured with dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile test measurements. PVC with functional groups (FPVC), because of strong interactions, showed preferential adsorption on γ‐Fe₂O₃ compared with SPU and PVC. Moreover, the γ‐Fe₂O₃ particles were covered by FPVC in the γ‐Fe₂O₃/SPU/FPVC composite. The adsorption layer of FPVC protected SPU from catalytic degradation by γ‐Fe₂O₃, resulting in increasing hydrolytic stability for SPU. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3030–3035, 2001     

Separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) using γ‐Al2O3–clay composite ultrafiltration membrane

BACKGROUND: Ceramic membranes have received more attention than polymeric membranes for the separation and purification of bio‐products owing to their superior chemical, mechanical and thermal properties. Commercially available ceramic membranes are too expensive. This could be overcome by fabricating membranes using low‐cost raw materials. The aim of this work is to fabricate a low‐cost γ‐Al₂O₃–clay composite membrane and evaluate its potential for the separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a function of pH, feed concentration and applied pressure. To achieve this, the membrane support is prepared using low‐cost clay mixtures instead of very expensive alumina, zirconia and titania materials. The cost of the membrane can be further reduced by preparing a γ‐alumina surface layer on the clay support using boehmite sol synthesized from inexpensive aluminium chloride instead of expensive aluminium alkoxide using a dip‐coating technique. RESULTS: The pore size distribution of the γ‐Al₂O₃‐clay composite membrane varied from 5.4–13.6 nm. The membrane was prepared using stable boehmite sol of narrow particle size distribution and mean particle size 30.9 nm. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the surface of the γ‐Al₂O₃–clay composite membrane is defect‐free. The pure water permeability of the support and the composite membrane were found to be 4.838 × 10^?6 and 2.357 × 10^?7 m³ m^?2 s^?1 kPa^?1, respectively. The maximum rejection of BSA protein was found to be 95%. It was observed that the separation performance of the membrane in terms of flux and rejection strongly depends on the electrostatic interaction between the protein and charged membrane. CONCLUSION: The successively prepared γ‐Al₂O₃‐clay composite membrane proved to possess good potential for the separation of BSA with high yield and could be employed as a low cost alternate to expensive ceramic membranes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of sintering additives on densification kinetics and high‐temperature strength in γ‐Y2Si2O7 ceramics

Pressureless sintering of pure γ‐Y₂Si₂O₇ powders that had been synthesized by a solid‐liquid reaction method using Y₂O₃ and SiO₂ powders with Li₂O, MgO, and Al₂O₃ additives was reported. The sintering kinetics of γ‐Y₂Si₂O₇ powders was analyzed to track details of densification evolution. Apparent activation energies of the densification of γ‐Y₂Si₂O₇ powders were reported for the first time, which was 57.1, 96.6, and 100.2 kJ/mol for the powders with Li₂O, MgO, and Al₂O₃ additives, respectively, indicating that Li₂O could promote the densification behavior effectively. The flexural strengths as a function of temperature for the γ‐Y₂Si₂O₇ ceramics with different additives were also investigated. The degradation of high‐temperature flexural strength was mainly ascribed to the softening of grain‐boundary glassy phase. γ‐Y₂Si₂O₇ specimens fabricated using the powders with MgO or Al₂O₃ additives exhibited better high‐temperature mechanical properties.     

Crystallinity,conductivity, and magnetic properties of PVDF‐Fe3O4 composite films

The formation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles by hydrothermal process has been studied. X‐ray Diffraction measurements were carried out to distinguish between the phases formed during the synthesis. Using the synthesized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, poly(vinyledene fluoride)‐Fe₃O₄ composite films were prepared by spin coating method. Scanning electron microscopy of the composite films showed the presence of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in the form of aggregates on the surface and inside of the porous polymer matrix. Differential Scanning calorimetry revealed that the crystallinity of PVDF decreased with the addition of Fe₃O₄. The conductitivity of the composite films was strongly influenced by the Fe₃O₄ content; conductivity increased with increase in Fe₃O₄ content. Vibration sample magnetometry results revealed the ferromagnetic behavior of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles with a Ms value of 74.50 emu/g. Also the presence of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles rendered the composite films magnetic. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Carboxyl‐containing polyarylene ether nitrile/Fe3O4 hybrids and their effects on the PEN composites

In this study, the novel polyarylene ether nitrile containing carboxyl groups (CPEN)/Fe₃O₄ hybrids were synthesized via the solvent‐thermal route. The SEM and TEM images showed that the surface of functionalized Fe₃O₄ hybrids (CPEN‐f‐Fe₃O₄) became rough and coated with a thin polymer layer successfully. Chemical bonds were formed between the carboxyl groups and Fe₃O₄ spheres, which were characterized by FTIR and XRD. Series of PEN composite films were prepared through solution‐casting method with different contents of CPEN‐f‐Fe₃O₄ hybrids and raw Fe₃O₄ spheres. The SEM images showed that the CPEN‐f‐Fe₃O₄ hybrids became much more dispersible and compatible in PEN matrix than that of raw Fe₃O₄ spheres, which was further confirmed by rheological study. The magnetic analysis showed that the saturation magnetization of composites films increased with the increase of CPEN‐f‐Fe₃O₄ hybrids loading content. The results of thermogravimetric and mechanical study exhibited that the composite films had good thermal stability and mechanical property. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1325–1334, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Chemical synthesis,characterization, and direct‐current conductivity studies of polypyrrole/γ‐Fe2O3 composites

The in situ polymerization of pyrrole was carried out in the presence of γ‐Fe₂O₃ to synthesize polypyrrole/γ‐Fe₂O₃ composites by a chemical oxidation method. The polypyrrole/γ‐Fe₂O₃ composites were synthesized with various compositions, including 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt % γ‐Fe₂O₃ in pyrrole. The polypyrrole/γ‐Fe₂O₃ composites were characterized with X‐ray diffractometry and infrared spectroscopy. The surface morphology of these composites was studied with scanning electron microscopy. The direct‐current conductivity was studied from 40 to 200°C. The dimensions of the γ‐Fe₂O₃ particles in the matrix had a greater influence on the conductivity values. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2797–2801, 2007     

Synthesis of Nanofiber‐like Mesoporous γ‐Al2O3 toward Its Adsorption Efficiency for Congo Red

Nanofiber‐like mesoporous γ‐Al₂O₃ was synthesized using freshly prepared boehmite sol in the presence of triblock copolymer, P123 following evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) process followed by calcinations at 400°C–1000°C. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption–desorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The adsorption efficiency of the samples with Congo red (CR) was studied by UV – vis spectroscopy. XRD results showed boehmite phase in the as‐prepared sample while γ‐Al₂O₃ phase obtained at 400°C was stable up to 900°C, a little transformation of θ‐Al₂O₃ resulted at 1000°C. The Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area of the 400°C‐treated sample was found to be 175.5 m²g ^{? 1}. The TEM micrograph showed nanofiber‐like morphology of γ‐Al₂O_3. The 400°C‐treated sample showed about 100% CR adsorption within 60 min.     

Bio‐Based Hybrid Magnetic Latex Particles Containing Encapsulated γ ‐Fe2O3 by Miniemulsion Copolymerization of Soybean Oil‐Acrylated Methyl Ester and Styrene

This work reports the use of acrylated fatty acid methyl ester (AFAME) as a biomonomer for the synthesis of bio‐based hybrid magnetic particles poly(styrene‐co‐AFAME)/γ‐Fe₂O₃ produced by miniemulsion polymerization. Poly(styrene‐co‐AFAME)/γ‐Fe₂O₃ can be tailored for use in various fields by varying the content of AFAME. The strategy employed is to encapsulate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as γ‐Fe₂O₃ into a styrene/AFAME‐based copolymer matrix. Raman spectroscopy is employed to ensure the formation of the SPIONs (γ‐Fe₂O₃) obtained by a co‐precipitation technique followed by oxidation of Fe₃O₄. The functionalization of SPIONs with oleic acid (OA) is carried out to increase the SPIONs–monomer affinity. The presence of OA on the surface of γ‐Fe₂O₃ is certified by identification of main absorption bands by fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal analysis (differential thermogravimetry/differential thermo analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) results of poly(styrene‐co‐AFAME)/γ‐Fe₂O₃ show an increase in AFAME content leading to a lower copolymer glass transition temperature (T _g). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements result in poly(styrene‐co‐AFAME)/γ‐Fe₂O₃ particles with diameter in the range of 100–150 nm. It is also observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryo‐TEM techniques that γ‐Fe₂O₃ particles are successfully encapsulated into the poly(styrene‐co‐AFAME) matrix.     

Disperse Equiaxed α‐Al2O3 Nanoparticles Without Vermicular Microstructure

Nanocrystalline microstructure is regarded as a strategic approach to overcome the brittleness of alumina ceramics, and the preparation of disperse equiaxed α‐Al₂O₃ nanoparticles is an essential step for the preparation of nanocrystalline alumina ceramics. In this work, disperse equiaxed α‐Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were prepared using α‐Fe₂O₃ as seed and isolation phase. At first, the composite of α‐Al₂O₃ nanoparticles embedded in α‐Fe₂O₃ matrix was obtained by calcining the precursor powder containing γ‐AlOOH and Fe(OH)₃ (Fe³⁺/Al³⁺ mole ratio of 5) at 770°C for 2 h. Then disperse equiaxed α‐Al₂O₃ nanoparticles with a mean size of 12 nm and a size distribution from 2 to 40 nm without vermicular microstructure were obtained by removal of α‐Fe₂O₃ and other impurities in the composite through acid corrosion.     

Effect of γ‐irradiation on the physical properties and dyeability of poly(vinyl butyral) blends with polystyrene and poly(ethylene glycol)

Cast films of polymer blends essentially based on poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and equal ratios of polystyrene (PS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were prepared from benzene and butyl alcohol solutions of the individual polymers. The effect of γ‐irradiation on the thermal decomposition and tensile mechanical properties was investigated. Moreover, the effect of γ‐irradiation on the dye affinity of PVB/PS and PVB/PEG for basic and acid dyestuffs was studied. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) study showed that the unirradiated PVB polymer films prepared in benzene displayed higher thermal stability than the same polymer films prepared in butanol. However, in all cases the thermal stability was found to increase with increasing γ‐irradiation dose. On the other hand, PVB/PS blend possesses higher thermal stability than PVB/PEG, as shown from the determination of the weight loss (%) at different heating temperatures, the temperatures of the maximum rate of reaction and the activation energy. While, pure PS films showed the stress‐strain behavior of brittle polymers, PVB/PS films showed the behavior of tough polymers with yielding properties. The results of dyeing clearly showed that the solvent type, blend composition, and irradiation dose are determining factors for the dye affinity for basic or acid dyes. For example, unirradiated PVB films prepared from butanol displayed a higher affinity for the basic and acid dyes than the same polymer prepared from the same benzene. However, PVB prepared from butanol showed higher affinity to the dyes than PS prepared from the same solvent. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Anthranilic acid assisted preparation of Fe3O4–poly(aniline‐co‐o‐anthranilic acid) nanoparticles

Magnetic Fe₃O₄–poly(aniline‐co‐o‐anthranilic acid) nanoparticles were prepared by a novel and simple method: anthranilic acid assisted polymerization. The synthetic strategy involved two steps. First, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles capped by anthranilic acid were obtained by a chemical precipitation method, and then the aniline and oxidant were added to the modified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles to prepare well‐dispersed Fe₃O₄–poly(aniline‐co‐o‐anthranilic acid) nanoparticles. Fe₃O₄–poly(aniline‐co‐o‐anthranilic acid) nanoparticles exhibited a superparamagnetic behavior (i.e., no hysteresis loop) and high‐saturated magnetization (M_s = 21.5 emu/g). The structure of the composite was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectra, X‐ray powder diffraction patterns, and transmission electron microscopy, which proved that the Fe₃O₄–poly(aniline‐co‐o‐anthranilic acid) nanoparticles were about 20 nm. Moreover, the thermal properties of the composite were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, and it showed excellent thermal stability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1666–1671, 2006     

Film formation from PS/AL2O3 nanocomposites prepared by dip‐drawing method

In this study, steady state fluorescence (SSF) and UV–vis (UVV) techniques were used to examine film formation from pyrene (P) labeled polystyrene (PS) latex/Al₂O₃ (PS/Al₂O₃) composites prepared by the dip‐drawing method. The effects of dip‐drawing rates and dipping time in Al₂O₃ sol on film formation behavior and the morphology of PS/Al₂O₃ films were investigated. Films were prepared first by casting PS dispersion on clean glass substrates which creates a close‐packed array of PS sphere (203 nm) templates. These templates were then covered with Al₂O₃ utilizing the dip‐drawing method for various dip‐drawing rates and dipping times in Al₂O₃ sol. The film formation of these composites was studied by annealing them at a temperature range of 100°C to 270°C and monitoring the scattered light (I_sc), fluorescence (I_P), and transmitted light (I_tr) intensities after each annealing step. The structural properties of the composite films were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results demonstrated that the film formation behavior and morphology of composites depended mainly on dipping time, and no dependence on the dip‐drawing rate was observed. The optical results indicated that PS/Al₂O₃ films undergo complete film formation independent of the dip‐drawing rate and dipping time. Additionally, the film formation stages were modeled and the corresponding activation energies were determined. After completion of film formation, PS polymers were extracted to obtain porous Al₂O₃ thin films. Highly ordered porous structures were observed for long dipping time in Al₂O₃ sol but no change was observed for different dip‐drawing rates, confirming the optical data. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Light FCC gasoline olefin oligomerization over a magnetic NiSo4/γ‐Al2o3 catalyst in a magnetically stabilized bed

Magnetic NiSO₄/γ‐Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by impregnating NiSO₄ solutions onto the γ‐Al₂O₃ support containing a magnetic material of Fe₃O₄. Characterization by XRD, NH₃‐TPD, and thermal analysis showed that the magnetic NiSO₄/γ‐Al₂O₃ catalyst with a nickel content of 7.0% by weight had a monolayer dispersion of NiSO₄ and the largest number of moderate strength acid sites, and a high specific saturation magnetization. The magnetic catalyst was evaluated for light FCC gasoline olefin oligomerization in both fixed‐bed and magnetically stabilized bed (MSB) reactors. Comparing with that in the fixed‐bed reactor, the optimal reaction temperature in the MSB lowered to 443 K, and its space velocity ranged broadly from 2.0 to 6.0 h^?1. The sulfur‐free diesel distillate produced by operation of the MSB for 100 h had higher cetane number and good low‐temperature flow property, which illuminates a promising application of the MSB to manufacture clean diesel fuels with high productivity and flexibility. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Magnetic and conducting Fe3O4–polypyrrole nanoparticles with core‐shell structure

Magnetic and conducting Fe₃O₄–polypyrrole nanoparticles with core‐shell structure were prepared in the presence of Fe₃O₄ magnetic fluid in aqueous solution containing sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDS) as a surfactant and dopant. Both the conductivity and magnetization of the composites depend strongly on the Fe₃O₄ content and the doping degree. With increase of Fe₃O₄ content in the composite, the conductivity at room temperature decreases, but the saturated magnetization and coercive force increase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄–polypyrrole particles show almost spherical particles with diameters ranging from 20 to 30 and 30 to 40 nm, respectively. The thermal stability of Fe₃O₄–polypyrrole composites is higher than that of pure polypyrrole. Studies of IR, UV–visible and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra suggest that the increased thermal stability may be due to interactions between Fe₃O₄ particles and polypyrrole backbone. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Preparation and Characterization of Fe2O3/Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) Nanocomposites through Ceramic Membrane Anti‐Solvent Crystallization

A novel ceramic membrane anti‐solvent crystallization (CMASC) method was proposed to prepare Fe₂O₃/AP nanocomposites with core‐shell structure. For the preparation of Fe₂O₃/AP nanocomposites, several key advantages of the CMASC method are as follows. Firstly, both well‐dispersed Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and the superfine AP preparation can be achieved at one step. Secondly, no non‐component of solid propellant was involved in this composite process. Thirdly, the size and morphology of Fe₂O₃/AP nanocomposites can be effectively controlled by using the ceramic membrane with regular pore structure as feeding template. The morphology and structure of Fe₂O₃/AP nanocomposites were characterized by inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometry (ICP), IR spectroscopy, SEM, and HRTEM. The results verified that the size and morphology of Fe₂O₃/AP nanocomposites are controllable, and the dispersion of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles is greatly improved in Fe₂O₃/AP nanocomposites. Moreover, the thermal decomposition of the as‐prepared Fe₂O₃/AP nanocomposites was measured with TG‐DSC. The results showed that the Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles in Fe₂O₃/AP nanocomposites exhibit better catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of AP. In addition, the mechanism was also discussed.     

In situ preparation of magnetic Fe3O4.Cu2O.Fe3O4/cryogel nanocomposite powder via a reduction–coprecipitation method as adsorbent for methylene blue water pollutant

Magnetic nanocomposites have attracted great attention as adsorbents for the removal of water pollutants, which respond to an external magnet that is used to remove both pollutants and composite nanomaterial traces from water. They are environmentally friendly and effective adsorbents for water treatment. In this respect, a simple in situ preparation method was used to prepare cryogel powder composite based on Fe₃O₄.Cu₂O.Fe₃O₄ nanomaterials. The ionic cryogel based on 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonate sodium salt and styrene sulfonate sodium salt was prepared by crosslinking polymerization at low temperature. The new magnetic nanoparticles based on Fe₃O₄.Cu₂O.Fe₃O₄ were successfully prepared inside the cryogel networks by a simple reduction–coprecipitation method based on reaction of Fe³⁺ with sodium sulfite and Cu²⁺ in the presence of hydroxylamine and ammonia solution. The thermal stability, accurate Fe₃O₄.Cu₂O.Fe₃O₄ content, magnetic properties, crystal lattice structure, particle sizes and morphology of the prepared cryogel composite were evaluated. The optimum conditions such as pH, contact time, adsorbate concentrations, adsorption equilibrium and adsorption kinetics were investigated to determine the efficiency of the prepared composite as an adsorbent to remove toxic methylene blue (MB) pollutant from aqueous solution. The data for MB adsorption confirmed the high ability of the prepared composite to remove more than 4.696 mmol L^?1 of MB from water during 6 min. The regeneration and reuse experiments showed excellent data for the synthesized new dye as an effective adsorbent for water treatment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Catalytic Effect of Two Shapes of Nano‐Fe2O3 on Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane Using a Non‐Isothermal Decomposition Kinetic Method

Nanosized Fe₂O₃ particles (nano‐Fe₂O₃) with two shapes (tetrakaidecahedral and grainy) were synthesized by hydrothermal methods. The morphologies and structures were characterized using a combination of experimental techniques including X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two composites containing CL‐20 (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, HNIW) and tetrakaidecahedral nano‐Fe₂O₃ [nmT‐Fe₂O₃/CL‐20] or grainy nano‐Fe₂O₃/CL‐20 (nmG‐Fe₂O₃/CL‐20) were prepared. The thermal behaviors of the two composites and pure CL‐20 were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Non‐isothermal decomposition kinetic parameters and the thermal decomposition mechanism of the two composites and CL‐20 were obtained. The apparent activation energy (E_a) of the main thermal decomposition reaction of CL‐20, nmT‐Fe₂O₃/CL‐20 and nmG‐Fe₂O₃/CL‐20 are 181.94, 179.17, and 176.18 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The thermal decomposition mechanism of CL‐20 as well as nmT‐Fe₂O₃/CL‐20 was controlled by the Avrami‐Erofeev equation (n=2/5) assumed as random nucleation and subsequent growth, while, the reaction mechanism of the composite nmG‐Fe₂O₃/CL‐20 was controlled by the Mample Power law (n=1/2). The reason for this difference may be due to the different morphology and particle size of the two nano‐Fe₂O₃ particles.