太阳能蓄热水箱的温度分层研究

太阳能蓄热水箱中形成一定程度上的温度分层有助于提高集热效率,降低传热损失。本文建立了水箱温度分层的理论分析模型,并利用cFD软件模拟了水箱中的流动、换热、温度分层过程,分析了多个因素对温度分层效果的影响,并与实验结果进行了分析和比较,两者较吻合。本文研究方法和结果为进一步优化设计太阳能蓄热水箱提供了依据。     

进出水管布置方式对迷宫式蓄热水箱影响的模拟分析

在中国双碳目标的背景下,供热技术的应用备受关注.蓄热水箱作为其所在系统至关重要的组成部分,其蓄释热性能决定性地影响着整个系统的性能.通过模拟来分析进出水管布置方式对迷宫式蓄热水箱的影响,对提高水蓄热的利用率具有一定的价值.     

蓄热水箱内置隔板对动态热分层特性影响的数值模拟研究

热水蓄热技术是解决我国热电耦合问题,提高热电系统和电网消纳可再生能源能力的重要手段。通过数值模拟方法研究水箱内置隔板的直径、高度和厚度对热分层特性的影响,基于理查森数、分层数和火用效率等性能指标,得到不同隔板设计尺寸对温度分层的影响规律,并提出隔板的结构优化设计方法。结果表明：内置隔板对水箱内冷热水掺混程度的抑制作用和对水箱内温度分层的改善效果与流体的流动参数及温度密切相关,当隔板高度为19.275 m,直径为10 m,厚度为0.3 m时具有最佳的热分层特性。     

蓄热水箱温度分层模型与分析

利用多节点模型描述蓄热水箱温度分层,将这种模型应用到太阳能生活供热系统中,研究温度分层对太阳能供热系统性能的影响。研究表明:水箱温度分层显著提高集热器效率,对平板集热器的影响大于真空管集热器。用水模式、供水温度、供回水温差,对水箱温度分层都有影响。     

太阳能地面采暖系统蓄热水箱容积分析

通过分析太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热鼍与建筑热负荷、太阳能集热量日变化规律之间的关系,得出太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热水箱容积的理论算式.根据拉萨、银川、西宁、西安等地的太阳辐射强度及建筑热负荷的日变化规律,模拟得出系统所需蓄热量变化规律;并对各种蓄热温差下对应的蓄热水箱容积进行了模拟分析,结果表明:太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热量随太阳集热器的集热量与建筑热负荷之间的差值增大而增加;蓄热水箱容积随蓄热温差增大而减小,当蓄热水温达到80℃时,在各种地面采暖系统取水温度下,单位集热器面积所需蓄热水箱容积趋于相等.     

蓄热水箱水温和水箱体积对太阳能集热系统的性能影响分析

采用实验和模拟计算方法对太阳能集热系统蓄热水箱的水温和水箱体积影响因素开展探究,分析日有用得热量、集热器功率和水箱内平均温度等参数随水箱初始温度和水箱体积的变化规律。研究结果表明：水箱初始温度从10.34℃增加到29.88℃时,日有用得热量减少了19.52%;换算成日太阳辐照量为17MJ/m2时的储热水箱中水的温升值下降了17.66%,储热水箱结束水温下降了10.73%;单位面积日有用得热量减少了17.64%。通过TRNSYS模拟软件,分析出太阳能集热系统全年运行工况时的水箱变量参数对系统性能的影响,获得了日有用得热量、集热器功率和水箱内平均温度的变化规律。通过选取不同月份的若干个时段进行对比分析,得出水箱体积对太阳能供热系统的影响较水箱初始温度大;当下调水箱初始温度和缩小水箱体积时,日有用得热量提升,但集热器功率降低;当上调水箱初始温度和缩小水箱体积时,水箱内平均温度升高;且随着太阳能集热系统运行时间的累加,水箱初始温度和水箱体积对上述各性能参数的影响减弱。日有用得热量、集热器功率和水箱内平均水温随着季节变化明显,秋季和冬季气候下的日有效得热量,集热器功率和水箱内平均水温均低于春季和夏季。     

太阳能相变蓄热水箱性能实验研究

利用相变材料蓄热是提高太阳能系统效率的重要途径之一。为对比分析含相变材料蓄热水箱的性能,选用三水合乙酸钠,搭建了一套蓄热水箱实验系统,在初始水温为80℃、进水温度为20℃的工况下,对比分析不同进口流量下(2、6和10 L/min)相变蓄热水箱的热特性。实验结果表明:相变蓄热水箱的蓄热量较普通水箱增加了1.4%;随着流量的增加,水箱的混合数先减小后增大,火用效率逐渐降低,相变蓄热水箱的填充效率先增大后减小,且在6 L/min时达到最大值0.905。     

基于太阳能利用的相变蓄热水箱结构优化

为解决因太阳能的不稳定性等因素导致的太阳能蓄热水箱储热/放热能力的不保证性问题,提出采用中低温有机相变材料58号石蜡作为相变蓄热材料的圆台式太阳能相变蓄热水箱。采用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)数值模拟的计算方法,在保证总蓄水体积(以100 L为例)不变的情况下,对水箱中不同内胆倾斜角度分别为75°、80°、85°、90°、95°、100°、105°的放热过程进行数值模拟,综合对比和分析水箱放热性能模拟结果,得到当倾斜角度为105°时的相变蓄热构件放热性能最佳,可为太阳能相变蓄热水箱的结构优化设计提供理论依据。     

分区蓄热水箱应用于太阳能热泵中的蓄放热分析

针对冬季太阳能辐射弱且不稳定的特点,提出一种应用于太阳能热泵的分区蓄热水箱,以水泵驱动蓄热水箱循环区与蓄热区的热量传递,并运用热力学原理对水箱循环区与蓄热区的运行状况进行模拟,分析了水箱两区在不同水泵体积流量下的逐时温度变化并与整体式水箱进行对比。结果表明,分区蓄热水箱克服了整体式水箱的热惰性,启动灵活,能在较短时间内达到热泵运行的理想温度,显著提高了系统的性能。     

Numerical simulation of single spiral heat storage tank for solar thermal power plant

Thermal energy storage is a key technology for the solar thermal power plants. This paper set up a single spiral heat storage tank using concrete as heat storage material and Cu-water nano-fluid as heat transfer fluid. In this paper, temperature distribution and the effects of the parameters i.e., inlet temperature and inlet velocity, on the charge time of the storage tank have been investigated based on numerical simulation. The results show that the charge time of the storage tank is about 72,000 s before the other factors have been changed. The charge time of the storage tank increases with the decrease of the inlet temperature and inlet velocity.     

Experimental analysis of solar thermal storage in a water tank with open side inlets

This paper investigates thermal mixing caused by the inflow from one or two round, horizontal, buoyant jets in a water storage tank, which is part of a thermal solar installation. A set of experiments was carried out in a rectangular tank with a capacity of 0.3 m³, with one or two constant temperature inflows. As a result, two correlations based on temperature measurements have been developed. One of the correlations predicts the size of a zone of homogenous temperature, referred to herein as the mixing zone, which develops when a single hot inflow impinges on the opposite wall of the tank. The other identifies the degree of mixing resulting from the interaction between a hot inflow and a cold inflow located below the hot one. The correlations are combined with energy balances to predict the amount of hot water available in a tank with open side inlets and the corresponding temperatures of the outflows. Outdoor measurements were also performed in a solar installation, in which a commercial water storage tank with a 1.5 m³ capacity, heated by a solar collector array with a useful surface area of 42.2 m², drives a LiBr-H₂O absorption chiller. Comparison of the predicted and measured outflow temperatures under a variety of weather conditions shows a maximum difference of 3 °C.     

Temperature stratification from thermal diodes in solar hot water storage tank

In this brief note, we have experimentally measured the temperature stratification in a solar hot water storage tank resulting from a simulated solar heating load. Various modifications using a double chimney device that acts as a thermal diode were examined with the intent of maximizing temperature stratification. The greatest stratification was seen with a unique thermal diode arrangement named the express-elevator design, so-called for the direct hot water path from the bottom third of the tank to the top third.     

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow dynamics in a hot water storage tank

A hot water storage device is one of the most common household appliances yet it is also one of the biggest sources of energy consumption. With natural resources fading, it is imperative that typical high-energy users such as hot water systems are made as energy efficient as possible. Research has shown that the thermal performance of a hot water system can be increased by maximising the level of thermal stratification within the storage tank, which could lead to huge energy saving. To analyse the effects of tank geometry and operating conditions on the thermal stratification within a storage tank, seven three-dimensional models have been numerically simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics program Fluent with realistic boundary and initial conditions applied. The level of thermal stratification in each model has been quantified using exergy analyses. The results show that increasing the tanks height/diameter aspect ratio, decreasing inlet/outlet flow rates and moving the inlet/outlet to the outer extremities of the tank all result in increasing levels of thermal stratification.     

Numerical simulation and optimization of a heat storage process in a layered regenerator

以降低熔铝炉蓄热室压损和提高蓄热室蓄热效率为目标,对某铝厂熔铝炉蓄热室进行了分层布料仿真研究。以多孔介质模型为基础,对动量方程源项进行了修正,将多孔介质结构内的传热转化为两相间的传热,并采用双能量方程形式建立多孔介质和流体间的传热能量方程。利用计算流体力学软件Fluent及其二次开发平台,建立了适用于蓄热室蓄热过程的数学模型。利用建立的数学模型对影响分层布料蓄热室蓄热过程的4个主要参数进行了模拟计算,得到了各参数对分层布料蓄热室的蓄热效率和压损的影响规律,并通过正交试验直观分析和方差分析的方法对各参数进行了显著性分析,且得到了保证蓄热效率和降低压损为目标的最优搭配方案。其中热效率最优搭配方案为入口质量流量1.65 kg/s、粒径组合26 mm-18 mm-26 mm、上中下层高比为2：1：2;压损最优搭配方案为入口质量流量1.65 kg/s、粒径组合32 mm-24 mm-32 mm、上中下层高比为2：1：2。     

Comparison of solar water tank storage modelling solutions

In this brief note, we have carried out an analysis of the temperature field inside a solar storage tank without any specific stratification device. The purpose of this study is to verify the ability of TRNSYS’s Types 60 and 140 to reproduce the temperature field in the storage tank, so as to use one of these type in a large solar system, and to analyze fluid motion by means of CFD simulations. This part has highlighted the mixing in the top of the tank due to the inlet configuration, but also the limits of the stratified fluid models with the multinode approach used in TRNSYS. The validation of a global model for a large solar system using Type 140 will be done later.     

太阳能热发电用相变蓄热器的数值模拟与优化

采用单级壳管式蓄热结构,运用FLUENT软件进行数值计算,对蓄、放热过程进行分析,分析了固、液界面前端位置的变化,通过对数据的曲线拟合得出熔化时间与入口温度的函数关系,讨论了蓄、放热熔化凝固时间以及管内温度的变化.通过拟合,得到的曲线显示出很好的一致性,得出最佳入口温度1025 K,流量0.05kg/s.对蓄热和放热阶段分析,得到前端位置随时间变化形状呈现锥形,管内温度的变化,显示了相变蓄热技术的优势,得出的结论对相变问题的数值模拟以及相变装置的结构设计具有重要的理论价值.     

用于储存太阳能的相变蓄热器蓄热性能研究

利用计算流体力学软件Fluent的凝固/熔化模型,模拟了用于储存太阳能的两种相变蓄热器的蓄热过程,得到了蓄热过程中相变区的温度云图,分析了两种蓄热器的蓄热能力和传热方式。研究结果表明,合理增加内管数量可以提高相变过程中的对流换热强度和蓄热能力。     

Numerical analysis of convective flow and thermal stratification in a cryogenic storage tank

In this study, the liquid–vapor mixture model was used for a numerical study of natural convective flow in a cryogenic tank with a capacity of 4.9?m³ under various conditions of heat flux and filling level to understand the early stages of convective flow phenomena and the consequent thermal stratification of cryogenic liquid. Two cryogens—liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied nitrogen (LN₂)—were compared to observe their effects. LN₂ exhibited faster vaporization owing to its lower heat of vaporization. It was observed that higher heat flux and lower filling level led to faster vaporization and relatively vigorous heat transfer, showing early thermal stratification.