Hybrid configuration of Darrieus and Savonius rotors for stand‐alone wind turbine‐generator systems

The suitable hybrid configuration of Darrieus lift‐type and Savonius drag‐type rotors for stand‐alone wind turbine‐generator systems is discussed using our dynamic simulation model. Two types of hybrid configurations are taken up. Type A installs the Savonius rotor inside the Darrieus rotor and Type B installs the Savonius rotor outside the Darrieus rotor. The computed results of the output characteristics and the dynamic behavior of the system operated at the maximum power coefficient points show that Type A, which has fine operating behavior to wind speed changes and can be compactly designed because of a shorter rotational axis, is an effective way for stand‐alone small‐scale systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(4): 13–22, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20071     

Maximum output power control system of variable‐speed small wind generators

This paper proposes a maximum output power control system for variable‐speed small wind generators. The proposed control system adjusts the rotational speed of a single‐phase AC generator to the optimum rotational speed, which yields the maximum output power according to the natural wind speed. Since this adjustment is performed on‐line in order to adapt to variations in wind speed, the rotational speed of the single‐phase AC generator is adjusted by controlling the generated current flowing in an FET (field‐effect transistor) device, serving as the generated power brake, which is linked directly to the single‐phase AC generator. In order to reduce heat loss from the FET device, a PWM (pulse width modulation) controller is introduced. An experimental model of the proposed control system was built and tested, and the validity and practicality of the proposed control system were confirmed by the experimental results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(1): 9–17, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20692     

A novel induction generator system using bi‐directional PWM converter for small‐scale power applications

This paper presents a deadbeat current control structure for a bidirectional power flow pulse‐width modulation (PWM) converter connected to a stand‐alone induction generator (IG), which works with variable speed and different types of loads. Sensorless control of the IG, meaning stator voltage vector control without a mechanical shaft sensor, is considered to regulate both the IG line‐to‐line voltage and the DC‐bus voltage of the PWM converter. In the proposed system, a newly designed phase locked loop (PLL) circuit is used to determine the stator voltage vector position of the IG. A 2.2 kW laboratory prototype has been built to confirm the feasibility of the proposed method. The proposed cost‐effective IG system with a deadbeat current‐controlled PWM converter and capacitor bank requires only three sensors. Moreover, the required rating of the PWM converter becomes smaller due to the existence of the capacitor bank. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Simulation of variable‐speed wind generation system using boost converter of permanent magnet synchronous generator

This paper proposes a variable‐speed wind generation system using the boost converter. The proposed system has three speed control modes for the wind velocity. The control mode of low wind velocity regulates the armature current of the generator with the boost converter to control the speed of wind turbine. The control mode of middle wind velocity regulates the DC link voltage with the vector controlled inverter to control the speed of wind turbine. The control mode of high wind velocity regulates the pitch angle of the wind turbine with the pitch angle control system to control the speed of the wind turbine. The hybrid combination of three control modes extends the variable‐speed range. The proposed system simplifies maintenance, improves reliability, and reduces the costs compared with the variable‐speed wind generation system using a PWM converter. This paper describes the control strategy and modeling for a simulation of the proposed system using Simulink of Matlab. It also describes the control strategy and modeling of a variable‐speed wind generation system using a PWM converter. The steady state and transient responses for wind velocity changes are simulated using Matlab Simulink. This paper verifies the fundamental performance of the system using a boost converter by discussing the simulation results of both systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(4): 37–54, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20902     

Characteristics of a self-excited induction generator at constant voltage and constant frequency under speed change

A self-excited wound-type induction generator, excited by capacitor, which changes its speed as a wind generator and can be used as a separate small power source, is described. The voltage and frequency of this generator change in accordance with the capacitance C of capacitor, generator speed and loads, and the like. The constant-voltage generator with constant C is achieved by returning the secondary power of the induction generator to the primary source through a converter, an inverter, and a transformer, and controlling the inverter control angle. But the frequency changes slightly. In order to eliminate frequency variation under constant C, a constant-frequency source such as synchronous generator or a constant-frequency generator is connected to the primary or secondary side of the transformer and operated in parallel. Constant voltage and constant frequency are achieved in spite of the change of generator speed and load. The characteristics resulting from these various measures are compared. The constant-frequency generator is better than the synchronous generator in terms of life, maintenance, and the like. In parallel operation with the constant-frequency generator connected to the primary or the secondary side of the transformer, various characteristics at constant voltage and commercial frequency are compared and analyzed. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn 119(1): 90–100, 1997     

变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能跟踪控制的研究

变速恒频机组可以根据风速调整发电机转速以获得更大的风能。本文首先介绍了风轮机的功率特性,然后比较了三种现有的最大风能跟踪控制算法的优缺点。以感应发电机为例,研究了一种用于最大风能跟踪的变步长爬山法,并采用MATLAB软件进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明了该控制策略的正确性和可行性。     

A novel slip‐power recovery system using a PWM boost rectifier

A novel compact slip‐power recovery system having sinusoidal rotor currents is proposed. In this system, a PWM boost rectifier is used as a substitute for a diode rectifier and a boost chopper in a conventional compact slip‐power recovery system. The conventional compact system has the disadvantage that it has a rectangular rotor current, and a motor torque with large ripple, because a diode rectifier remains in the system. Also, the rotor current cannot reach the current reference value near the synchronous speed, because the voltage drop caused by the resistance of the semiconductor devices and so on cannot be neglected when the rotor voltage becomes smaller near the synchronous speed. The use of the system proposed in this paper has solved these problems. The effectiveness of the proposed system was verified through computer simulations and experiments. As a result, the proposed system brings the sinusoidal rotor current, the small torque ripple, and wide controllable range near the synchronous speed. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(2): 52–60, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.10012     

风力发电机组并网技术

大型风力发电机组并网发电是高效、大规模利用风能最经济的方式,已成为当今世界风能利用的主要形式.对当前各种类型风力发电机组并网方案的工作过程及优缺点进行综述和分析,指出随着风电机组容量的增大,并网瞬间的冲击电流也越来越大,对电网运行稳定性的影响也越来越大,因此如何改进现有的各种并网技术、减少对电网的冲击是今后迫切需要解决的问题.     

Principle and basic characteristics of a hybrid variable‐magnetic‐force motor

Reducing the power consumed by motors is important for energy conservation in the case of electrical appliances and electric vehicles (EVs). The motors used for operating these devices operate at variable speeds. Further, the motors operate with a small load in the stationary mode and a large load in the starting mode. A permanent magnet motor can be operated at rated power with high efficiency. However, the efficiency is low under a small load or at high speeds because the large constant magnetic force results in substantial core loss. Furthermore, the flux‐weakening current that decreases the voltage at high speeds leads to significant copper loss and core loss. Therefore, we have developed a new technique for controlling the magnetic force of a permanent magnet on the basis of the load or speed of the motor. In this paper we propose a novel motor that can vary the magnetic flux of a permanent magnet and clarify the principles and basic characteristics of the motor. The new motor has a permanent magnet that is magnetized by the magnetizing coil of the stator. The results of analysis show that the magnetic flux linkage of the motor can be changed from 37% to 100% and that a high torque can be produced. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(2): 47–57, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22309     

基于PLC的掘进机恒功率变频调速系统仿真分析

悬臂式掘进机在工作过程中负载随机变化且变化幅度较大,以PLC为控制核心,构建自适应模糊控制的掘进机恒功率变频调速系统,根据截割电机电流的偏差变化及变化率,采用模糊推理和自适应调节进行变频调速控制,实现掘进机截割电机的恒功率控制,采用MATLAB/Simulink软件进行仿真分析,结果表明,基于PLC自适应模糊控制的掘进机变频调速系统能够更好的进行掘进机的恒功率控制,提高了系统的稳定性.     

Power maximization control of variable‐speed wind generation system using permanent magnet synchronous generator

This paper proposes sensorless output power maximization control of a wind generation system. A permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is used as a variable speed generator in the proposed system. The generator torque is suitably controlled according to the generator speed and thus the power from a wind turbine settles down on the maximum power point by the proposed MPPT control method, where the information on wind velocity is not required. Moreover, the maximum available generated power is obtained by the optimum current vector control. The current vector of PMSG is optimally controlled according to the generator speed and the required torque in order to minimize the losses of PMSG considering the voltage and current constraints. The proposed wind power generation system can be achieved without mechanical sensors such as wind velocity detector and a position sensor. Several experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(2): 11–19, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20043     

变速恒频双馈异步风力发电机动态控制扰动方法

风力发电系统中,风力发电机的控制方法是个关键环节.对双馈变速恒频异步风力发电机现有的控制方法进行了研究,提出一种新颖的控制扰动方法,即将四风速模型中的合成风速在轴系模型中产生的转矩引入功率控制扰动中.     

变速恒频双馈风力发电机的励磁控制系统设计及试验研究

双馈电机变速恒频风力发电系统是通过调节转子绕组励磁电流的频率、幅值、相位和相序来实现变速恒频控制的.分析了双馈电机工作原理和数学模型,并设计了基于TMS32OF2812DSP的变速恒频双馈风力发电机的励磁控制试验系统.对电机的并网控制以及电机的自并励启动进行了试验研究,为变速恒频双馈风力发电机励磁控制策略的设计奠定了基础.     

变速恒频双馈风力发电系统最大功率跟踪算法的比较与仿真研究

研究比较了最大风能捕获的3种算法:直接转速控制法、最佳功率一转速曲线跟踪法、爬山搜索法,从稳定性、可控性方面进行研究比较分析,并用所搭建的系统模型进行详细的仿真研究,仿真结果验证了基于最佳功率一转速曲线跟踪法的变速恒频双馈风力发电系统能够快速地进行最大功率点跟踪(MPPT),从而最大效率地利用风能.     

基于MATLAB5.3电气系统库的交流变频调速系统仿真

介绍了一种采用MATLAB5.3电气系统库实现交流异步电机变频调速开环控制系统仿真的新方法 ,并在SIMULINK中结合具体实例给出了系统的仿真实验结果。     

风力发电机组控制系统的研究分析

对目前流行的风力发电机组控制系统进行对比分析.在简述风力机特性的基础上,介绍了定桨距和变桨距发电机组的特点,重点分析了基于双馈发电机的变速恒频发电系统及桨叶节距角控制系统.讨论了未来风力发电控制技术的发展趋势和应用前景.     

A current sensorless MPPT control method for a stand‐alone‐type PV generation system

In this paper, a current sensorless MPPT control method for a stand‐alone‐type PV generation system is proposed. This control method offers advantages of the simplified hardware configuration and low cost by using only one sensor to measure the PV output voltage. When used as a stand‐alone‐type with a battery load, the experimental results show that the estimated values of PV output current are accurate, and the use of the proposed MPPT control increases the PV generated energy by 16.3% compared to the conventional system. Furthermore, the authors clarified that the proposed method has an extremely high UUF (useful utilization factor) of 98.7%. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 65– 71, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20424     

电力系统潮流计算中风电场模型研究

通过对潮流计算中风电场的几种模型进行对比分析,给出了基于变速恒频双馈异步发电机的风电场在潮流计算中的一种改进模型,该模型根据双馈异步发电机的静态特性对雅可比矩阵进行修正,准确地反映了此种类型风电场的特性,且计算简单易于实现。通过算例计算,验证了其有效性。     

双馈风力发电系统双PWM变换器比例谐振控制

在双馈风力发电系统功率变换器及发电机数学模型的基础上,结合比例谐振(proportional resonant,PR)控制器的特性,提出了双脉宽调制(pulse-width modulation,PWM)变换器PR控制策略。该方法充分利用了PR控制器能够在静止坐标系下对交流输入信号无静差控制的优势,将矢量控制策略下的有功电流和无功电流分量转换到静止坐标系下进行调节,实现网侧变换器维持直流电压稳定和调节功率因数的控制任务和双馈电机有功、无功功率的解耦控制,与传统的双闭环PI控制相比,该策略无需繁琐的坐标旋转变换,不存在受温度及电路参数影响的耦合项和前馈补偿项,且易于实现对系统低次谐波电流的补偿,减小了控制算法实现难度,提高了控制系统的鲁棒性和电网电能质量。