基于功率平衡算法的NPC三电平变换器中点电压控制

分析了中点钳位型三电平变换器的中点电压数学模型,推导出三相功率与零序电压的传递函数。提出一种新型的注入零序电压控制方案,该方案通过控制中点处的零序总功率为0,来实现中点电压的平衡控制。具体方案是,通过计算中点处的三相功率偏差,经PI调节器输出零序电压调制波,经过3 s/2 r坐标变换,叠加至三相基波调制波,并采用SVPWM调制算法实现。仿真显示,方案能够实现中点电压的平衡控制,具有较好的动态响应。     

三电平并网逆变器的改进型有限集模型预测控制

传统的基于Lyapunov定律的有限集模型预测控制（FCSMPC）在参数不匹配时,会导致其控制方法的鲁棒性较差,严重时甚至会导致系统不稳定。针对上述问题,该文从理论上详细分析了传统的基于Lyapunov定律的有限集模型预测控制的参数鲁棒性问题,并通过引入Luenberger观测器来估算由参数不匹配引起的干扰,然后将干扰补偿到基于Lyapunov定律有限集模型预测控制中,提高了控制系统的鲁棒性和稳定性。此外,该文还考虑了有限集模型预测控制中的延迟补偿问题以及低开关频率问题。利用DSP-TMS320f28377软件在三电平并网逆变器实验平台上实现了所提出的控制方案,实验证实了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于下垂控制的三电平逆变器并联技术仿真研究

文章针对下垂控制技术进行分析,将下垂控制技术应用于三电平逆变器并联系统,对并联逆变器系统中频率偏差(有功环流)、幅值偏差(无功环流)特性进行了研究。最后通过仿真验证基于下垂控制策略的逆变器并联系统的运行效果,结果表明,下垂控制技术能较好地协调微电网中逆变器并联运行时的功率分配及电压稳定。     

光伏并网NPC三电平逆变器调制算法研究

与传统两电平逆变器相比较,三电平逆变器因输出状态增多,具有动作频率低,开关损耗小,谐波含量少等优点。文中采用NPC三电平逆变器拓扑结构,将60°坐标系下的SVPWM调制算法应用于光伏并网逆变器系统中,算法简洁,易于控制。Matlab/Simulink仿真和实验结果均表明理论分析的正确性以及光伏逆变系统的良好性能,可有效提高交流侧的功率因数,改善并网逆变器的电能质量。     

三电平并网逆变器基于有限集模型预测控制的新型谐波抑制策略

有限集模型预测控制应用于大功率并网逆变器能在控制并网电流的同时降低开关频率,然而随着开关频率的降低,并网电流的谐波显著变大.针对这一问题,提出一种带有新型谐波抑制策略的改进型有限集模型预测控制方法,谐波抑制这一目标被添加到有限集模型预测控制的多目标优化过程中,谐波抑制策略是基于三角函数正交性对谐波幅值进行提取来实现的....     

基于新型VLMZVM的ANPC型三电平并网逆变器环流抑制方法

为解决广泛应用在大功率分布式发电系统中的多机有源中点钳位（ANPC）型三电平并网逆变器间的低频零序环流问题,提出一种基于虚拟大矢量的新型十三矢量调制（VLMZVM）策略。通过建立多机ANPC型三电平并网逆变器零序环流模型,分析零序环流产生机理和影响因素,通过检测零序环流状态,实时选择虚拟大矢量或实际大矢量合成方法来抑制零序环流,并提出区分奇偶扇区的矢量分配方法快速选择合成矢量。实验结果验证了新型VLMZVM策略能在电流突变、参数不一致、全功率因数范围都具有很好的环流抑制效果。     

逆变器并联系统死区的环流效应及其抑制方法

针对大功率逆变器易发生的因死区效应引起的并联系统谐波环流问题,提出一种结合谐波电导法的恒定参考电流控制策略,以含LCL型滤波器的逆变器为例,建立其输出阻抗模型,将逆变器死区效应带来的偏差电压影响视为一种同时包含基波和谐波分量的控制扰动量,分析多逆变器并联系统的环流产生机理并给出影响逆变器环流产生的两大因素,引入谐波电导为逆变器谐波电流提供一条回路,同时采用恒定参考电流控制策略来达到抑制谐波环流的目的。最后,在PSIM 9.0平台上搭建仿真模型并进行相关试验共同验证了所提控制策略的可行性。     

基于无功控制的光伏逆变器三相不平衡抑制方法

随着分布式光伏的推广,配电网转变为多源荷共存网络,使得电网潮流与电压分布特征更为复杂,更易出现三相不平衡状况。为解决配电网三相不平衡状态下分布式光伏出力波动问题,提出了一种基于无功控制（reactive power control, RPC）的光伏逆变器三相不平衡抑制方法,实现配电网三相不平衡补偿与分布式光伏有功功率的输出稳定,由此保证光伏发电机组的连续运行,保障配电网可靠运行。在PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建仿真模型,仿真结果表明,所提控制策略能有效地抑制三相不平衡,实现并网有功功率稳定。该策略的实施将保证光伏发电机组的连续运行,从而实现配电网和整个电网的安全可靠运行。     

不平衡电网电压下T型三电平光伏并网逆变器的有限集模型预测控制

为实现电网电压不平衡时对T型三电平光伏并网系统输出功率和电流质量的控制,以达到入网功率平稳或电流正弦为控制目标,结合光伏阵列输出功率前馈,在两相静止坐标系下提出一种直流母线电压外环PI控制、并网电流内环有限集模型预测控制的控制策略,并在电压外环中引入2倍频陷波器以获得平滑的入网功率参考值。仿真结果表明:当电网电压不对称时,采用所提控制策略能够实现对入网有功、无功功率2倍频脉动及负序电流的分别抑制或协调控制,且并网电流谐波畸变小、入网电能质量高,同时实现T型三电平逆变器的中点电位平衡。     

500 kW光伏发电系统并网逆变器

介绍了500 kW光伏并网逆变器的系统结构和工作原理,采用了IGBT功率模块并联技术来提高系统容量,并对主回路参数的设计方法进行了研究。在此基础上研制了一台500 kW光伏并网逆变器的样机,进行了试验研究,试验结果证明该样机运行稳定,性能可靠,具有较强的实用性。     

基于新型Z源逆变器的光伏并网发电系统

逆变器是光伏发电系统的重要组成部分,逆变器结构的选择与设计至关重要。文章从传统逆变器局限性入手,在重点分析了Z源逆变器的拓扑结构和工作原理基础上,提出新型Z源逆变器的拓扑结构,并设计了一种基于新型Z源逆变器的光伏并网发电系统。系统采用高性能DSP作为主控制芯片,研究了一种加入直通零矢量的双闭环控制方案,采用扰动观测法与最小二乘法相结合的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制方法,使整个系统更加完善、安全。     

Optimal sizing of a grid-connected PV system for various PV module technologies and inclinations, inverter efficiency characteristics and locations

An optimal sizing methodology based on an energy approach is described and applied to grid-connected photovoltaic systems taking into account the photovoltaic module technology and inclination, the inverter type and the location. A model describing the efficiency for m-Si, p-Si, a-Si and CIS is used. The method has been applied on various meteorological stations in Bulgaria and Corsica (France). The main parameter affecting the sizing is the inverter efficiency curve. The influence of the PV module technology seems less important except for amorphous photovoltaic modules for which special remarks have been made. The inclination on the PV system influences the performances particularly when the inverter is undersized compared to the PV peak power.     

中小型风力发电系统单相并网逆变器控制策略研究

介绍了适用于中小型风力发电系统并网的单相逆变器主电路拓扑及其典型控制策略;针对传统PI控制器和新型PR控制器进行了详细的理论分析和比较。利用Matlab/Simulink搭建了风力发电系统单相并网逆变器仿真模型,分别对PI控制器和准PR控制器进行了仿真研究。仿真结果显示,新型准PR控制器具有更好的稳态特性、跟踪特性和更强的抗电网扰动能力。该控制策略对于中小型风力发电系统并网逆变器的实际应用具有重要意义。     

Development of a new solar thermal engine system for circulating water for aeration

This paper presents a numerical study about the performance of a Beta Stirling solar thermal engine system. This system is composed of a solar collector box connected to a regenerator hydraulic system and a transmitting power system. The objective of the system is to offer a new alternative to help solving stagnant water pollution in hot countries like Thailand by circulating water in canals, lakes, ponds etc. for aeration using solar energy.The purpose of this study is to determine the power output and actual heat transfer on the performance of the solar thermal engine. The solar thermal engine is analyzed using a mathematical model based on the first law of thermodynamics for processes with finite speed, with particular attention to the energy balance at the receiver. The result of calculations showed that the regenerator volume and phase angle must be chosen carefully to fulfill the requirement that total fluid mass in the system is constant and to obtain maximum power output throughout the day.     

新能源和可再生能源在线监测系统研究

为了解决当前分布式新能源和可再生能源发电项目由于种类、规约以及规模差异导致难以集中监测和管理的问题,设计出一种分布式部署、功能可裁剪、应用可扩展、故障可自愈的需求侧新能源和可再生能源在线监测系统。系统按照国际通用的电网信息数据模型标准设计,在国内首次为不同类型的新能源和可再生能源发电项目制定统一的数据采集和传输标准,能够实现辖区内所有太阳能、风力、生物质能等新能源和可再生能源发电项目的数据统一采集和实时监测。该系统已经在北京市范围内开展应用,预计到2017年,北京市接入的新能源和可再生能源项目将达到1 500个。目前已经接入项目数量超过100个,并收到了良好的效果,系统的稳定性和可靠性也得到了验证。     

Weather data and energy balance of a hybrid photovoltaic-wind system with hydrogen storage

This article presents and discusses the results of measurements of solar radiation and wind speed obtained during the operation of a test-bed hybrid wind/solar generator with hydrogen support designed and constructed at the Industrial Engineering School at the University of Extremadura, Badajoz (Spain). An energy balance analysis is made of the different components of the system, calculating their conversion efficiencies, and proposing future improvements to increase the efficiency of the use of the surplus energy produced by the wind/solar generator. The continued collection of this data series will make it possible to perform energy and exergy analyses to allow extrapolation of the results to real stand-alone applications providing an uninterrupted power supply to receptors isolated from the grid.     

Modeling and simulation of a grid-connected PV generation system for electromagnetic transient analysis

This paper addresses modeling and simulation of a grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPS) to analyze its grid interface behavior and control performance in the system design. A simple circuit model of the solar array is used to easily simulate its inherent characteristics with the basic specification data. Detailed power and protection control of the GCPS as well as its electrical circuits have been represented by user-defined and built-in components to take into account transients in normal and fault conditions, which are dominated by its power electronic controller. The model has been described with the reference to and implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC, a power system transient software package. Extensive simulation results are presented and analyzed to validate that the proposed simulation model is effective for control and protection performance evaluation of the GCPS in terms of electromagnetic transient analysis.     

Damping of a parallel AC-DC power system using PID power systemstabilizers and rectifier current regulators

A scheme for improving the dynamic stability of a parallel AC-DC power system is presented. It uses a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) power-system stabilizer and a PID rectifier current regulator to enhance the damping for the electromechanical mode of the system. The parameters of the proposed PID controllers are determined using a unified approach based on modal control theory. Eigenvalue analyses are performed for the system under various operating conditions in order to compare the damping effects provided by the two different control schemes. The effectiveness of the proposed damping schemes under disturbance conditions is demonstrated by computer-simulated dynamic-response tests based on a nonlinear system model     

Development of a new energy efficiency rating system for existing residential buildings

Building energy efficiency rating systems have been established worldwide to systematically manage the energy consumption of existing buildings. This study aimed to develop a new energy efficiency rating system for existing residential buildings from two perspectives: (i) establishment of reasonable and fair criteria for the building energy efficiency rating system; and (ii) establishment of comparative incentive and penalty programs to encourage the voluntary participation of all residents in the energy saving campaign. Based on the analysis of the conventional energy efficiency rating system for existing residential buildings, this study was conducted in five steps: (i) data collection and analysis; (ii) correlation analysis between the household size and the CO₂ emission density (i.e., CO₂ emission per unit area); (iii) cluster formation based on results of the correlation analysis using a decision tree; (iv) establishment of a new energy efficiency rating system for existing buildings; and (v) establishment of incentive and penalty programs using advanced case-based reasoning. The proposed system can allow a policymaker to establish a reasonable and fair energy efficiency rating system for existing residential buildings and can encourage the voluntary participation of all residents in the energy saving campaign.     

A new control scheme of a cascaded transformer type multilevel PWM inverter for a residential photovoltaic power conditioning system

From the viewpoint of high quality output voltage generation in a residential photovoltaic system, a multilevel inverter employing cascaded transformers can become a good substitute for the conventional pulse width modulated inverters and other multilevel counterparts. However, to obtain more sinusoidal output voltage waves, it should increase the number of switching devices and transformers resulting in a cost increase. To alleviate this problem, an efficient switching pattern is proposed and applied to a multilevel inverter equipped with two cascaded transformers, which have a series-connected secondary. Operational principle and analysis are illustrated focusing on a change of the switching pattern. High-performance of the proposed multilevel scheme embedded in a photovoltaic power conditioning system is verified by computer-aided simulations and experimental results.