Design of short high-power TE11-HE11 modeconverters in highly overmoded corrugated waveguides

A theoretical parametric study of TE₁₁ to HE₁₁ mode conversion in highly oversized, circumferentially corrugated circular waveguides with different inner diameters is presented for various frequencies in the range of 28 to 140 GHz. The depth of the annular slots is tapered gradually from one half to one quarter wavelength. Computer-aided optimization of converter length, shape of corrugations, and nonlinear slot depth variation has been achieved with a scattering matrix code employing the modal field matching techniques (modular analysis concept). Relatively short mode transducers with matched converter lengths are feasible. The optimum conversion lengths are L₁≈0.5λ_B (short converter) and L₂≈1.2λ_B (long converter), where λ_B is the beat wavelength of the TE₁₁ and TM₁₁ modes in the corresponding smooth-walled circular waveguide. The predicted performances of short and long mode transducers are practically identical. Experimental results taken at 70 GHz (i.d.=27.79 mm) are in excellent agreement with the theoretically predicted performance data. In all cases the HE₁₁ output mode purity is 99% to 99.5%. The maximum cross-polarization and input-reflection levels are below -29 dB and -50 dB, respectively     

A single-period TE02-TE01 mode converter in ahighly overmoded circular waveguide

A single-period 60 GHz TE₀₂-TE₀₁ mode converter for use in an electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system for magnetically confined plasmas is presented. The mode converter is very compact and has a broad bandwidth and a theoretical conversion efficiency of 97.6%. A method of computing the reflection from converters is presented and used to show that reflection from the single-period mode converter is minimal. Experimental results are consistent with theoretical calculations     

Mirror corner for use with overmoded circular waveguide

A method for turning the axis of propagation of a highly overmoded circular-waveguide system through a right angle outlined. A modification which may result in lower spurious-mode generation and enable the size of the system to reduced considerably is proposed, and a practical configuration is suggested.     

Thick circular iris in a TE11 mode circular waveguide

The TE₁₁-mode excitation of a concentric circular iris of finite thickness in a circular waveguide is analyzed by Galerkin's method with even and odd excitation. Agreement between calculated and measured dominant mode scattering parameters is generally within experimental accuracy     

Optimal horn antenna design to excite high-order Gaussian beammodes from TE0m smooth circular waveguide modes

The availability of medium-power gyrotron tubes (10-30 kW, CW) at millimeter-wave frequencies (30-100 GHz) allows applications such as advanced ceramic sintering, surface coating, radar, remote sensing, deep-space communications, etc. The concept of high-order Gaussian beam modes, which, under some conditions, can be assumed to be free-space modes, is applied to transport efficiently the power generated by a gyrotron for technological applications. A family of optimized nonlinear horn antennas is investigated in order to get the maximum coupling between the guided output mode of the gyrotron and the Gaussian beam modes. The numerical simulations show very favorable coupling with a conversion efficiency of about 99.8%     

Input coupler for Ka band TE021 circular electric mode operation in a gyroklystron amplifier

An input coupler for the TE₀₂₁ circular electric mode in a gyroklystron amplifier through using TE₈₁₁ as a transition coupling mode in a coaxial cavity has been proposed and numerically simulated in a frequency range of Ka-Band with HFSS code. The coupling efficiency of the TE₀₂₁ mode and the suppression for the TE₈₁₁ mode in the main cylindrical cavity are deliberately considered by adjusting the position and size of coupling holes as well as the radius of the drift tubes. The numerical results show that the TE₀₂₁ mode can successfully be excited, and rational coupling efficiency and high mode purity for the TE₀₂₁ mode in the cylindrical cavity can be reached for the engineering application of gyroklystron amplifier study.     

Study of TE0 and TM0 modes in dielectricresonators by a finite difference time-domain method coupled with thediscrete Fourier transform

An application of a numerical method of finite differences in the time domain (FDTD) coupled with the discrete Fourier transform is presented to determine the resonant frequencies of the TE₀ and TM₀ modes of axially symmetric dielectric resonators closed in a cavity. The technique is conceptually and computationally simple, and it allows access at once to information on the entire modal spectrum by means of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) applied to the time series. The cylindrical cavity dielectrically loaded at the base and the resonant frequency of the TE_01δ mode are analyzed in two systems: a cylindrical cavity with a cylindrical dielectric resonator of variable radius, and the shielded dielectric resonator on a microstrip substrate. The results obtained are compared with the rigorous (exact) theoretical solutions and with experimental results     

Radiation characteristics of a corrugated circular cylindricalwaveguide horn excited in the TE11 mode

The design and experimental studies on a corrugated circular cyclindrical waveguide antenna that is feed-excited in the TE₁₁ mode with suppressed far-out sidelobes are reported. To reduce the spillover in the region 90°⩽&thetas;⩽180°, an attempt was made to introduce circumferential corrugations on the outer surface of the waveguide wall. The design criterion used was that a minimum of 11 corrugations per wavelength were used, and in all there were 25 corrugations. The reason for selecting 25 corrugations was to ensure that the conduction currents induced on the outer walls of the guide were attenuated substantially and did not contribute to the far-out sidelobes. Measured E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the feeds and the corrugated waveguide are presented     

Dispersion characteristics of the Hm,n and Em,n modes in a multilayer metal-dielectric waveguide

Dispersion equations for the H _m,n and E _m,n modes in a three-layer metal-dielectric waveguide with odd and even field variations over the thickness of two basic layers are analyzed analytically and numerically. For the first time, the effects of interaction between even cophasal H _n ^s modes and antiphase H _n ^p modes in the double-thickness basic layer and the odd E _m ^s and E _m ^p modes in the single-thickness basic layer are found. The realizability of high-power microwave power dividers on the basis of the considered waveguides is shown.     

Ka波段TE_（01）模回旋速调管带新型渐变段输出腔设计

利用正余弦拟合的方法和半径渐变波导的耦合波理论,设计出一种Ka波段TE01模回旋速调管带该新型渐变段输出腔。通过Matlab数值计算和HFSS仿真优化,研究了该新型渐变段的传输参数、反射参数、对杂模的抑制等性能指标。仿真结果表明：在渐变段长度为80mm、口径由14mm变化到32mm的情况下,在33～35GHz的范围内该新型渐变的传输参数大于-0.016dB,反射参数小于-55dB,对TE02模的耦合为-25dB和对TE03模抑制在-55dB以下;而该输出腔的中心频率为34.075GHz,Q值为109.6,工作模式TE01模式的模式纯度大于0.94。     

Design and Optimization of TE011 Resonant Modes in Metallic-Dielectric Cavities

In this work, we present an innovative approach for designing small-scale microcavity resonators. By introducing a gold cladding around the structure, we may significantly reduce the mode volume and simultaneously increase the cavity's quality Q-factor. By making use of the TE₀₁₁ mode, as opposed to the more traditional HE₁₁₁ mode, we may further reduce the mode volume while taking advantage of decreased loss into the metal layer due to the optimal polarization choice. We demonstrate a means to design and optimize the cavity geometry to obtain desired spectral characteristics through the use of particle swarm optimization, and we present a cavity operating at 1.5 mum with a Q value exceeding 300 000 and a modal volume of less than 0.9(lambda/n)³.     

Uniform bend loss of the TE0q mode in circular waveguides with small surface impedance and large surface admittance

The bending losses of the TE0q mode in circular hollow waveguides are obtained with small surface impedance and large admittance based on the exact vector analyses for Maxwell's equations. Considerable difference is found for a special case between the present result and that obtained previously by using the coupled-mode theory.     

Floquet's theorem in three dimensions and its application to the dispersion characteristics of circular waveguides with screw periodicity for use with gyrotron backward-wave oscillators

Floquet's theorem for three dimensions is proved for each of the two mathematical conditions of periodicity: the differential equation and the boundary condition. The theorem applied to circular waveguides with screw periodicity provides the dispersion characteristics of the uncoupled modes. These characteristics are compared to those of a normal circular waveguide to show how screw periodic RF structures shift in phase the waveguide cutoff point and how such a shift is advantageous to gyrotron backward-wave oscillators.

     

Large single-mode rib waveguides in GeSi-Si and Si-on-SiO2

Mode-matching and beam-propagation methods are used to analyze single-mode operation of optical GeSi-Si and Si-SiO₂ semiconductor rib waveguides. The waveguide dimensions that allow only the fundamental HE₀₀ or EH₀₀ mode to propagate have been determined. For both material systems, it is found that the rib can be several microns wide and several microns high, thus allowing efficient coupling to single-mode fibers. Numerical examples are given for monomode guiding group-IV materials, but the results apply to III-V rib waveguides. It is shown that single-mode rib guides with large cross sections are feasible as long as the waveguide is at least several millimeters long     

Novel mode filter for use with cladded-glass and liquid-core optical waveguides

Two methods of filtering off high-order modes in multimode fibres are proposed. One uses a periodic sequence of apertures and the other involves continuous coupling. In this way, it may be possible to achieve bandwidths approaching 100 MHz over kilometre lengths.     

Increased acceptance bandwidth for quasi-phasematched secondharmonic generation in LiNbO3 waveguides

The authors demonstrate waveguide second harmonic generation using a variable-spaced phase-reversed quasi-phasematched grating that has an acceptance bandwidth 15 times greater than a uniformly quasi-phasematched interaction of the same length     

Modes and attenuation constants in circular hollow waveguides withsmall core diameters for the infrared

The mode structures and attenuation constants in circular hollow waveguides are evaluated numerically based on the exact characteristic equations. Mode properties, which are strongly dependent on waveguide materials, and attenuation constants are discussed when the core diameter becomes small. Special modes are also analyzed in oversized metallic waveguides which approach very familiar modes in perfectly conducting cylindrical waveguides when the core diameter becomes small     

Hankel transform-domain analysis of scattered fields in multilayer planar waveguides and lasers with circular gratings

Radiation patterns of scattered fields with arbitrary azimuthal orders in multilayer planar waveguides and laser cavities with circularly symmetric gratings are formulated based on the volume current method. Full-wave Green's function analysis based on the integral transform method lies at the heart of this approach. Unlike the conventional approach, the dyadic Green's function relates some auxiliary fields to some auxiliary sources in the spectral domain. These auxiliary functions are defined to facilitate the spectral domain formulation in the cylindrical coordinate system and the use of transfer matrix method for obtaining a closed-form solution of the spectral Green's function in multilayer planar structures. More importantly, it is shown that the far-field pattern of the scattered field can be expressed directly in terms of the auxiliary fields in the Hankel transform domain.     

Singlemode channel waveguides and electrooptic modulators in KTiOPO4 for the short visible wavelength region

Single-mode channel waveguides at short visible wavelengths have been fabricated in KTiOPO₄ by Rb&rlhar2;K ion exchange in mixed melts of RbNO₃-KNO₃-Ba(NO₃)₂ . The technological parameters have been chosen by means of theoretical WKB- and “effective index” calculations concerning the singlemode region of the effective channel waveguide index N₀₀ at the given wavelength. Great diffusion anisotropy and small dispersion of the surface refractive index change guarantee singlemode operation of the very same channel waveguide from the blue up to the red. Typical attenuation of about 2.0 dB/cm for TM- and 1.5 dB/cm for TE polarization was obtained at λ=0.5145 μm. Light-induced refractive index changes (photorefractive effect) have been determined as a function of time, wavelength, guided optical mode intensity and temperature. The light-induced effects in Rb&rlhar2;K ion-exchanged channel waveguides in KTiOPO₄ are about two orders of magnitude smaller than those in annealed proton-exchanged channel waveguides in LiNbO₃. Electrooptic phase modulators have been successfully investigated concerning dynamic V_π measurements, the electric-optical field overlap and dc-drift phenomena. Design, fabrication and experimental results of integrated-optic Mach-Zehnder-interferometer modulators for short visible wavelengths are presented     

Optimizing KTP and LiTaO3 channel waveguides forquasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation with high conversionefficiency

The conversion efficiency of quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation (QPM-SHG) in waveguides can be enhanced significantly by optimizing the linear properties of the guiding structure. We describe here a method for fast and accurate computation of the modal properties of continuous, periodically poled, ferroelectric channel waveguides and a multiparameter optimization algorithm which we have used to maximize normalized internal SHG conversion efficiency. We present the phase-matching characteristics of these designs and discuss the possibility of high SHG conversion efficiency between lowest order transverse modes at the fundamental and second harmonic wavelengths near noncritically phase-matched regimes of operation