基于灰色理论的掺杂态导电聚苯胺的制备及导电性能研究

以苯胺(An)为单体,氨基磺酸(SA)为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,采用化学氧化聚合法合成了掺杂态导电聚苯胺。考察了n(苯胺)/n(掺杂剂)、n(苯胺)/n(氧化剂)和反应时间对聚苯胺电导率的影响。结果表明,当n(An)∶n(SA)∶n(APS)=1∶6∶0.4、反应时间为6h时,聚苯胺的电导率最高达到0.87S/cm。进一步利用灰色关联分析,定量地分析了各因素对掺杂态导电聚苯胺电导率的影响程度,得出了各因素影响电导率的大小顺序为掺杂剂、氧化剂、反应时间。并以氨基磺酸的添加量为基本建立了掺杂态导电聚苯胺电导率的灰色预测模型(灰色离散Verhulst模型),预测了氨基磺酸不同添加量下的电导率,平均预测精度为97.25%。结果证明,灰色系统理论在掺杂态导电聚苯胺的电导率的预测中是可行的。     

功能磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的电导率及其光谱特征研究

合成了十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)、磺基水杨酸(SSA)和对甲苯磺酸(TSA)掺杂的导电聚苯胺样品:PANI/DBSA,PANI/SSA,PANI/TSA.用四探针法测定其电导率,研究不同功能磺酸掺杂对聚苯胺电导率的影响,分析它们的FT-IR光谱、UV-VIS光谱吸收及NIR光谱反射现象及其变化.结果表明,功能磺酸掺杂剂的对阴离子尺寸大小影响其掺杂PANI的电导率和光谱特征,PANI/DBSA的对阴离子尺寸大于PANI/SSA,PANI/TSA,其电导率、FT-IR和UV-VIS图谱红移量都相对PANI/SSA,PANI/TSA大.同时不同功能磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的NIR光谱反射率为:PANI/DBSA＞PANI/SSA＞PANI/TSA.     

掺杂态聚苯胺的XPS研究

对经不同质子酸盐酸 (HCl)、对甲基苯磺酸 (TSA)及磺基水杨酸 (SSA)掺杂的聚苯胺 (PAn)进行 3h空气浴的热处理 ,并用电导率和 XPS对其进行了表征。结果表明 ,PAn·HCl在 16 0℃时其电导率下降了六个数量级 ,其表面掺杂率随温度的升高而降低 ,并且具有不同结合能 Cl的相对组成也随之发生了变化 ;PAn·TSA及 PAn·SSA在 2 0 0℃的电导率分别下降了两个和一个数量级 ,但其表面掺杂率未发生明显的变化。随着温度的升高 ,掺杂态 PAn膜的脆性和表面氧化的程度增加     

聚苯胺网状纳米结构的合成与表征

以樟脑磺酸为掺杂剂、三氯化铁和过硫酸铵为二元混合氧化剂,在水溶液体系中通过苯胺原位聚合制备得到直径为80～100nm的聚苯胺网状纳米结构,其导电率为10-2～10-1S/cm.进一步研究结果表明,三氯化铁可抑制聚苯胺纤维的形成,并同时起到掺杂剂和氧化剂的双重作用;通过控制FeCl3用量和n(APS):n(FeCl3)的比值,可调节产物的形貌结构和导电率.     

聚苯胺包覆镍纤维的制备及电性能研究

镍纤维经预处理后,采用化学氧化法对其进行包覆改性,制备聚苯胺包覆改性镍纤维,以改善镍纤维的电性能。主要探究了掺杂剂种类、浓度、镍纤维长径比以及搅拌速率等因素对聚苯胺包覆镍纤维效果的影响,利用核磁共振、能谱仪和扫描电镜对产物进行元素和形貌分析,采用四探针电阻率测试仪测试聚苯胺包覆镍纤维的电性能。结果表明:以0.1mol/L盐酸为掺杂剂,将长径比为8mm的镍纤维在0～5℃下以60r/min的转速聚合得到聚苯胺包覆镍纤维材料,其包覆层致密均匀,且得到最大的电导率,其值为2.62×103S/cm。     

聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇纳米纤维的制备与表征

以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为表面活性剂和掺杂剂,通过乳液聚合的方法制备聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇(PANI/PVA)复合乳液用于静电纺丝,制备出超细复合纤维毡,通过SEM、XRD和力学测试表征PANI/PVA超细复合纤维毡的外观形貌、纤维直径、结晶度及其力学性能。结果表明:有机磺酸掺杂后的聚苯胺导电性能达到1.28S/cm;1459cm-1处醌环和苯环上的C=C伸缩振荡峰和1697cm-1处醌环上C=N伸缩振荡峰的聚苯胺特征峰明显;YG006型电子单纤维强力机的测试发现,PANI/PVA纤维集合体的面密度对其力学性能的影响显著;当纺丝工艺条件设定为接收距离18cm、电压24kV时,PANI/PVA纤维直径达到600nm,直径分布小于150nm,PANI微颗粒分散于PVA纤维基体表面。     

导电聚苯胺纤维的制备与性能表征

以一种新型的双子表面活性剂6,6′-(丁基-1,4-二基双氧)双(3-壬基苯磺酸)(9BA-4-9BA)作为掺杂剂制备聚苯胺导电纤维,并与用2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPSA)掺杂的聚苯胺纤维的性能进行比较,探讨了聚苯胺分子量、纺丝原液的浓度、掺杂剂种类、凝固浴、牵伸工艺对纤维形貌和导电性能的影响。研究表明,质量分数为14%的AMPSA掺杂聚苯胺的二氯乙酸溶液在丙酮凝固浴中得到的初生纤维的电导率达到1.77S/cm,而质量分数为14%9BA-4-9BA掺杂聚苯胺的二氯乙酸溶液在9BA-4-9BA/丙酮凝固浴中得到的初生纤维及1倍牵伸纤维的表面形貌光滑规整,电导率分别为0.39 S/cm和1.14 S/cm。     

乳液聚合法制备有机改性高岭土/聚苯胺复合材料及其性能研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为有机化改性试剂,对高岭土进行改性,再以苯胺为单体,十二烷基苯磺酸为掺杂剂与乳化剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用乳液聚合法制备有机改性高岭土/聚苯胺复合材料。结果表明,利用四探针技术测试发现,随着有机改性高岭土掺量的增加,复合材料电导率逐渐下降;FT-IR分析证明采用乳液聚合法可实现高岭土有机化改性及其与聚苯胺原位复合;TGA分析结果表明,复合材料耐热性能随改性高岭土引入量的增加而逐渐增强,当掺量为50%(质量分数)时,聚苯胺的分解起始温度和失重最快温度分别提高了13℃和36℃;采用SEM分析证明二者复合成功;XRD分析说明改性高岭土与聚苯胺的复合仅通过物理吸附作用而未发生插层。     

热处理对聚苯胺导电性及其介电性能的影响

采用苯胺化学氧化聚合制得盐酸掺杂态聚苯胺(PANI-HCl),考察了导电率以及介电常数随热处理温度的变化,并通过FT-IR、TGA、DSC和XRD等测试手段研究了空气气氛中不同热处理温度对PANI-HCl的掺杂程度以及微观结构的影响.结果表明:PANI-HCl在低于100℃的热处理保持优异的电导率和介电常数,电导率的数量级在100,介电损耗角正切tgδε≈0.35～0.49,当温度上升至160℃,电导率数量级下降到10-7,tgδε在0.1以下,其原因是由于热处理对掺杂态聚苯胺进行了脱掺杂,而且改变了聚苯胺的微观结构.     

酒石酸掺杂微/纳米结构聚苯胺的制备及表征

以酒石酸为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,采用"无模板"自组装法合成了掺杂态聚苯胺微/纳米纤维。分析了酒石酸与苯胺的不同摩尔比对产物形貌、分子结构及电性能的影响。结果表明,酒石酸与苯胺摩尔比为1时,生成了长径比较大、有序性较好的聚苯胺微/纳米纤维,该比例下电导率达到9.355×10-2 S/cm。改变反应温度和反应时间,酒石酸在常温下自组装掺杂即可得到较高电导率的聚苯胺产物。傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外可见光分光光度计、X射线衍射仪的表征结果证明,不同酒石酸与苯胺摩尔比下合成的聚苯胺微/纳米纤维均为掺杂态,且具有一定的导电性。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to     

Win-Win Cooperation

正The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's recent trip to the UK has reinforced the China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership;just as the British Prime Minister David Cameron put it,"the relationship is gaining in strength,depth and understanding"after a bucket of business deals being inked worth more than 30 billion US dollars.From the first agreement signing in 2004 to the new agreement of mutual standards recognition and adoption in     

Systematic Approach for Emerging Industry

正A national directory of standards complexes for strategic emerging sectors was recently developed and released jointly by 12governmental departments,namely,SAC,NDRC,MOST,MIIT,MEP,MOA,AQSIQ,State Forest Administration,State Administration of Science and Technology for National Defense,State Oceanic Administration and National Railway Administration.     

Strictest Pollutants Emission Standards

正Four new national standards on air pollutant emission control offi cially issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection(MEP)together with AQSIQ and SAC has been brought into force from July 1,2014.The Emission standard for air pollutants of coal-burning,oil-burning and gasfi red boilers,which is the strictest emission standard historically,will tackle the stubborn pollution problem of boilers and waste incineration in most of China’s regions.     

Instructions to Authors

New Carbon Materials is a bimonthly journal published with the permission of the Ministry of Science and Technology and of the State News and Publication Agency.The journal is sponsored by the Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Science Press.Aims and Scope     

Progress on Standards Copyright Protection

正Recently,National Copyright Administration of China(NCAC)has rewarded 215 organizations and 179 individuals for their outstanding efforts on investigating standards copyright infringement and piracy in 2013.Hua Jianhua,the Deputy-Director of National Standards Copyright Protection Workgroup Office won a third prize of the national individual award.In 2012,SAC set up the national standards copyright protection working group,and developed policies to crack down standards infringement and piracy behaviors and to strengthen standards copyright protection.