Knowledge-based fuzzy MLP for classification and rule generation

A new scheme of knowledge-based classification and rule generation using a fuzzy multilayer perceptron (MLP) is proposed. Knowledge collected from a data set is initially encoded among the connection weights in terms of class a priori probabilities. This encoding also includes incorporation of hidden nodes corresponding to both the pattern classes and their complementary regions. The network architecture, in terms of both links and nodes, is then refined during training. Node growing and link pruning are also resorted to. Rules are generated from the trained network using the input, output, and connection weights in order to justify any decision(s) reached. Negative rules corresponding to a pattern not belonging to a class can also be obtained. These are useful for inferencing in ambiguous cases. Results on real life and synthetic data demonstrate that the speed of learning and classification performance of the proposed scheme are better than that obtained with the fuzzy and conventional versions of the MLP (involving no initial knowledge encoding). Both convex and concave decision regions are considered in the process.     

Incremental fuzzy temporal association rule mining using fuzzy grid table

Traditional temporal association rules mining algorithms cannot dynamically update the temporal association rules within the valid time interval with increasing data. In this paper, a new algorithm called incremental fuzzy temporal association rule mining using fuzzy grid table (IFTARMFGT) is proposed by combining the advantages of boolean matrix with incremental mining. First, multivariate time series data are transformed into discrete fuzzy values that contain the time intervals and fuzzy membership. Second, in order to improve the mining efficiency, the concept of boolean matrices was introduced into the fuzzy membership to generate a fuzzy grid table to mine the frequent itemsets. Finally, in view of the Fast UPdate (FUP) algorithm, fuzzy temporal association rules are incrementally mined and updated without repeatedly scanning the original database by considering the lifespan of each item and inheriting the information from previous mining results. The experiments show that our algorithm provides better efficiency and interpretability in mining temporal association rules than other algorithms.

     

基于模糊分类关联规则的支持向量机分类器生成方法

为提高数据库分类系统的分类精度,提出一种新的分类方法。首先,利用模糊C-均值聚类算法对数据库中的连续属性进行离散化;然后,在此基础上提出一种改进的模糊关联算法挖掘分类关联规则;最后,通过计算规则和模式之间的兼容性指标来构造特征向量,构建支持向量机的分类器模型。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的分类识别能力和分类效率。     

Automatic generation of a fuzzy rule base for constant turning force

An automatic fuzzy rule base generation method is proposed to control nonlinear and timevarying turning processes with constant cutting forces. Based on this study, the optimum fuzzy rule base for the control of turning processes can be self-organized without the need for experienced manufacturing engineers. A fuzzy logic controller based on these fuzzy rules can adjust feed rate on line to achieve an optimal production rate in turning operations.     

基于模糊规则自动生成算法的茶味觉信号识别

在充分研究了模糊加权神经网络和微粒群算法的基础上，给出一种能够自动生成模糊规则的剪枝算法,并以此建立了新的网络模型。通过茶味觉信号识别的仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

Predicting weather events using fuzzy rule based system

Discovering and understanding the dynamic phenomena of weather to accurately predict different weather events has been an integral component of scientific investigations worldwide. The weather data, being inherently fuzzy in nature, requires highly complex processing based on human observations, satellite photography, or radar followed by computer simulations. This is further combined with an understanding of the principles of global and local weather dynamics. This paper attempts to solve weather event prediction for Lahore by implementing a fuzzy rule based system. The difficult problem of weather event prediction has been dealt in this paper through two separate experimental settings. In the first experimental setting a smaller dataset consisting of 365 instances with 4 inputs and 8 weather events has been used to develop a fuzzy inference system. In the second experimental setting the developed fuzzy system has been enhanced for a larger dataset consisting of over 2500 data points, having 17 inputs, and 10 weather events. For the later experiments the results of the fuzzy system have been compared with two other models i.e., decision tree (DT) based model and partial least square based regression (PLSR) model. It has been observed in the present study that the performance of the fuzzy system is sensitive to bootstrapping sampling technique that has been used for generating training and test samples for developing the fuzzy, DT and PLSR models. Further the models under consideration have been less sensitive to principal component analysis based dimensionality reduction method.     

GPU通用计算在LBM方法中的应用

提出了一种结合GPU通用计算与计算流体力学中的LBM算法来模拟二维流场的方法.根据GPU通用计算和LBM方法的基本原理,利用OpenGL的离屏渲染技术FBO和Cg语言,基于LBM方法中的D2Q9模型对二维方腔流进行数值模拟,并设计出基于OpenGL的GPU通用计算的二维流场数值计算框架.实验结果表明,利用GPU模拟与CPU模拟流场的数值结果相当吻合,特别地,利用GPU进行数值模拟实验的速度是利用CPU的4倍左右.     

Data-driven fuzzy rule generation and its application for student academic performance evaluation

Several approaches using fuzzy techniques have been proposed to provide a practical method for evaluating student academic performance. However, these approaches are largely based on expert opinions and are difficult to explore and utilize valuable information embedded in collected data. This paper proposes a new method for evaluating student academic performance based on data-driven fuzzy rule induction. A suitable fuzzy inference mechanism and associated Rule Induction Algorithm is given. The new method has been applied to perform Criterion-Referenced Evaluation (CRE) and comparisons are made with typical existing methods, revealing significant advantages of the present work. The new method has also been applied to perform Norm-Referenced Evaluation (NRE), demonstrating its potential as an extended method of evaluation that can produce new and informative scores based on information gathered from data. Khairul Rasmani is a lecturer at the Faculty of Information Technology and Quantitative Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. He received his Masters Degree in Mathematical Education from University of Leeds, UK in 1997 and his Ph.D. degree from University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK in December 2005. His research interests include fuzzy approximate reasoning, fuzzy rule-based systems and fuzzy classification systems. Qiang Shen is a Professor and the Director of Research with the Department of Computer Science at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK. He is also an Honorary Fellow at the University of Edinburgh, UK. His research interests include fuzzy systems, knowledge modelling, qualitative reasoning, and pattern recognition. Prof. Shen serves as an associate editor or editorial board member of a number of world leading journals, including the IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Part B), the IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, and Fuzzy Sets and Systems. He has acted as a Chair or Co-chair at a good number of major conferences in the field of Computational Intelligence. He has published a book and over 170 peer-refereed articles in international journals and conferences in Artificial Intelligence and related areas.     

SOGARG: A self-organized genetic algorithm-based rule generation scheme for fuzzy controllers

This paper presents a self-organized genetic algorithm-based rule generation (SOGARG) method for fuzzy logic controllers. It is a three-stage hierarchical scheme that does not require any expert knowledge and input-output data. The first stage selects rules required to control the system in the vicinity of the set point. The second stage extends this to the entire input space, giving a rulebase that can bring the system to its set point from almost all initial states. The third stage refines the rulebase and reduces the number of rules. The first two stages use the same fitness function whose aim is only to acquire the controllability, but the last stage uses a different one, which attempts to optimize both the settling time and number of rules. The effectiveness of SOGARG is demonstrated using an inverted pendulum and the truck reversing.     

Hierarchical fuzzy rule based systems using an information theoretic approach

This paper proposes a novel anytime algorithm for the construction of a Hierarchical Fuzzy Rule Based System using an information theoretic approach to specialise rules that do not effectively model the decision space. The amount of uncertainty tolerated within the decision provides a single tuneable parameter to control the trade off between accuracy and interpretability. The algorithm is empirically compared with existing methods of function approximation and is demonstrated on a mobile robot application in simulation.     

Case generation using rough sets with fuzzy representation

We propose a rough-fuzzy hybridization scheme for case generation. Fuzzy set theory is used for linguistic representation of patterns, thereby producing a fuzzy granulation of the feature space. Rough set theory is used to obtain dependency rules which model informative regions in the granulated feature space. The fuzzy membership functions corresponding to the informative regions are stored as cases along with the strength values. Case retrieval is made using a similarity measure based on these membership functions. Unlike the existing case selection methods, the cases here are cluster granules and not sample points. Also, each case involves a reduced number of relevant features. These makes the algorithm suitable for mining data sets, large both in dimension and size, due to its low-time requirement in case generation as well as retrieval. Superiority of the algorithm in terms of classification accuracy and case generation and retrieval times is demonstrated on some real-life data sets.     

A tuned hybrid intelligent fruit fly optimization algorithm for fuzzy rule generation and classification

Fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBSs) are well-known soft computing methods commonly used to tackle classification problems characterized by uncertainties and imprecisions. We propose a hybrid intelligent fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) to generate and classify fuzzy rules and select the best rules in a fuzzy if–then rule system. We combine a FOA and a heuristic algorithm in a hybrid intelligent algorithm. The FOA is used to create, evaluate and update triangular fuzzy rule-based and orthogonal fuzzy rule-based systems. The heuristic algorithm is used to calculate the certainty grade of the rules. The parameters in the proposed hybrid algorithm are tuned using the Taguchi method. An experiment with 27 benchmark datasets and a tenfold cross-validation strategy is designed and carried out to compare the proposed hybrid algorithm with nine different FRBSs. The results show that the hybrid algorithm proposed in this study is significantly more accurate than the nine competing FRBSs.

     

Closed-loop fault diagnosis based on a nonlinear process model and automatic fuzzy rule generation

In this contribution a new approach for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) for nonlinear processes is presented. A nonlinear fuzzy model with transparent inner structure is used for the generation of relevant symptoms. The resulting symptom patterns are classified with a new self-learning classification structure based on fuzzy rules. The approach is successfully applied to an electro-pneumatic valve in a closed control loop.     

Automatic rule generation using crowdsourcing for better relationship type discovery

With the increasing popularity of information sharing and the growing number of social network users, relationship management is one of the key challenges which arise in the context of social networks. One particular relationship management task aims at identifying relationship types that are relevant between social network users and their contacts. Manually identifying relationship types is one possible solution, however it is a time-consuming and tedious task that requires constant maintenance. In this paper, we present a rule-based approach that sets the focus on published photos as a valuable source to identify relationship types. Our approach automatically generates relevant relationship discovery rules based on a crowdsourcing methodology that constructs useful photo datasets. Knowledge is first retrieved from these datasets and then used to create relationship discovery rules. The obtained set of rules is extended using a number of predefined common sense rules and then personalized using a rule mining algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the correctness and the efficiency of the generated sets of rules to identify relationship types.     

Multi-objective optimization problem under fuzzy rule constraints using particle swarm optimization

In this paper, a fuzzy multi-objective programming problem is considered where functional relationships between decision variables and objective functions are not completely known to us. Due to uncertainty in real decision situations sometimes it is difficult to find the exact functional relationship between objectives and decision variables. It is assumed that information source from where some knowledge may be obtained about the objective functions consists of a block of fuzzy if-then rules. In such situations, the decision making is difficult and the presence of multiple objectives gives rise to multi-objective optimization problem under fuzzy rule constraints. In order to tackle the problem, appropriate fuzzy reasoning schemes are used to determine crisp functional relationship between the objective functions and the decision variables. Thus a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated from the original fuzzy rule-based multi-objective optimization model. In order to solve the resultant problem, a deterministic single-objective non-linear optimization problem is reformulated with the help of fuzzy optimization technique. Finally, PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm is employed to solve the resultant single-objective non-linear optimization model and the computation procedure is illustrated by means of numerical examples.     

Real time traffic delay optimization using shadowed type-2 fuzzy rule base

Traffic networks are getting big and complex day by day with a rapid traffic growth. Existing Type-2 (T2) fuzzy logic works well in optimizing the waiting time of traffic at a big junction, but the rule base of T2 fuzzy logic is heavily dependent on previous traffic data, rather than real-time data. Moreover, it fails in changing and updating the waiting time in any junction with a high rate of traffic. In addition, very big junctions contain dynamic traffic data that is characterized by a high level of uncertainty, which is difficult to be handled by type-2 fuzzy logic. To cope with this situation, Shadowed Type-2 (ST2) fuzzy logic is proposed as it works well in the domain having very clumsy and uncertain data. It increases the uncertainty of a fuzzy set by partitioning it into different region. Thus, based on ST2 fuzzy rule base, a ST2 fuzzy waiting time simulator is created, whose output is implemented in a proposed real-time traffic-based Time Optimized Shortest Path (TOSP) model. It helps in structuring the optimized time path from one location to another. This can be done by taking real time traffic data from the upcoming junction, calculating the waiting time using ST2 fuzzy rule base, and finally directing the vehicle to take its optimized path, which results in a reduction in the overall waiting time of each junction. To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model, a case study of a multi-directional (six directional) junction is presented. Success of this model easies the process of proposing it as a mobile application, which can help in reducing the waiting time in junctions of metropolitan areas.     

Multi-variable fuzzy forecasting based on fuzzy clustering and fuzzy rule interpolation techniques

In this paper, we present a new method for multi-variable fuzzy forecasting based on fuzzy clustering and fuzzy rule interpolation techniques. First, the proposed method constructs training samples based on the variation rates of the training data set and then uses the training samples to construct fuzzy rules by making use of the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm, where each fuzzy rule corresponds to a given cluster. Then, we determine the weight of each fuzzy rule with respect to the input observations and use such weights to determine the predicted output, based on the multiple fuzzy rules interpolation scheme. We apply the proposed method to the temperature prediction problem and the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) data. The experimental results show that the proposed method produces better forecasting results than several existing methods.     

Solving time-invariant differential matrix Riccati equations using GPGPU computing

Differential matrix Riccati equations (DMREs) enable to model many physical systems appearing in different branches of science, in some cases, involving very large problem sizes. In this paper, we propose an adaptive algorithm for time-invariant DMREs that uses a piecewise-linearized approach based on the Padé approximation of the matrix exponential. The algorithm designed is based upon intensive use of matrix products and linear system solutions so we can seize the large computational capability that modern graphics processing units (GPUs) have on these types of operations using CUBLAS and CULATOOLS libraries (general purpose GPU), which are efficient implementations of BLAS and LAPACK libraries, respectively, for NVIDIA \(\copyright \) GPUs. A thorough analysis showed that some parts of the algorithm proposed can be carried out in parallel, thus allowing to leverage the two GPUs available in many current compute nodes. Besides, our algorithm can be used by any interested researcher through a friendly MATLAB \(\copyright \) interface.