A robust audio watermarking scheme based on reduced singular value decomposition and distortion removal

This paper presents a blind audio watermarking algorithm based on the reduced singular value decomposition (RSVD). A new observation on one of the resulting unitary matrices is uncovered. The proposed scheme manipulates coefficients based on this observation in order to embed watermark bits. To preserve audio fidelity a threshold-based distortion control technique is applied and this is further supplemented by distortion suppression utilizing psychoacoustic principles. Test results on real music signals show that this watermarking scheme is in the range of imperceptibility for human hearing, is accurate and also robust against MP3 compression at various bit rates as well as other selected attacks. The data payload is comparatively high compared to existing audio watermarking schemes.     

DWT域半脆弱音频水印算法

A novel semi-fragile audio watermarking algorithm in DWT domain is proposed in this paper. This method transforms the original audio into 3-layer wavelet domain and divides approximation wavelet coefficients into many groups. Through computing mean quantization of per group, this algorithm embeds the watermark signal into the average value of the wavelet coefficients. Experimental results show that our semi-fragile audio watermarking algorithm is not only inaudible and robust against various common images processing, but also fragile to malicious modification. Especially, it can detect the tampered regions effectively.     

基于DWT-SVD的大容量音频水印算法

在音频水印领域,嵌入大量水印而不影响宿主音 频的听觉质量,同时具有良好的鲁棒 性,仍然是一项具有挑战的工作。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种大容量,透明,鲁棒的音 频水印算法。首先对音频应用2级离散小波变换(DWT),并选取低频分量作奇异值分解(SV D),然后将水印嵌入在奇异值矩阵的非对角线元素中,可同时提高算法的透明性和嵌入容 量。另外,利用汉明码编码提升水印的鲁棒性和安全性。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法在平 均信噪比37.75 dB的情况下,可以达到5512 bps 的嵌入容量,对噪声添加、滤波、剪切、压缩等各种信号处理攻击具有良好的鲁棒性。     

Robust Audio Watermarking Algorithm Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition

A novel robust audio watermarking algorithm based on empirical mode decomposition is proposed.The intrinsic feature of the final residual decomposed from the audio frame is selected to embed watermark and the algorithm works by shifting each element of the final residual to make its sum greater or less than 0.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm does not change the property of the final residual after embedding watermark and the watermark is robust against various kinds of attacks.Compared with existing classic algorithms based on Empirical mode decomposition (EMD),the proposed algorithm largely improves both the robustness and imperceptibility of watermarking.     

自适应的混合域音频水印新算法

本文结合小波包变换和离散余弦变换，提出了一种基于听觉模型的混合域自适应音频盲水印算法，在不引入听觉失真的前提下，实现了自适应的水印嵌入。算法首先对音频信号进行小波包分解，使得分解后的子带更接近人耳临界频带。其次对每个子带的小波包系数进行离散余弦变换，计算出子带掩蔽阈值。根据子带掩蔽阈值自适应的选取噪声敏感度小的音频段作为水印嵌入段，选取功率值低于掩蔽阈值的频域系数作为水印嵌入位置，同时采用噪声掩蔽比调整水印嵌入强度。二值水印图像通过量化索引调制的方法嵌入到音频信号的中低频系数中，提取水印时不需要原始音频载体。本算法在水印容量、不可感知性和鲁棒性之间达到了很好的平衡，水印容量在576.7bps到689.5bps之间，算法对添加噪声、重新量化、重新采样、低通滤波和MP3压缩均具有很好的鲁棒性。      

基于小波变换和相对量化的图像数字水印算法

提出了一种基于分块小波变换和相对量化的图像数字水印算法。由于在算法中采用了量化嵌入策略,从而在提取水印时无需原始图像和原始水印。实验结果表明,该算法对嵌入的水印具有很好的透明性,对亮度和对比度调整攻击具有非常强的稳健性,对JPEG压缩、重采样、颜色抖动、平滑和加噪声等常见的图像处理攻击具有很强的稳健性,并且算法思想简单、步骤简便和容易实现。     

DCT域音频水印:嵌入对策和算法

为保证DCT域水印的鲁棒性,研究水印信号的嵌入位置非常必要.对音频载体,尽管有许多文献提出将水印嵌在中频系数或对听觉效果重要的系数上,但始终缺乏一个统一的方法.本文在DCT噪声信号模型研究的基础上,提出了一种新的音频水印嵌入位置选择策略和一个应用该策略的自适应音频水印算法.通过定义DCT系数的噪声敏感度,建立了水印嵌入位置和嵌入水印后的音频信号的听觉感知性之间的关系,根据音频水印的不可听性的要求选择最优的嵌入位置,然后调节水印强度来满足鲁棒性的要求,从而最大程度地保持音频水印的不可听性和鲁棒性,为解决音频水印嵌入过程中不可听性和鲁棒性之间的矛盾提供了一种策略.应用该策略,本文提出了一个自适应音频水印算法.实验证实了算法的鲁棒性.     

一种基于小波域图像纹理特征的数字水印技术

提出一种基于小波域图像纹理特征的彩色图像盲水印算法。该算法根据。图像小波变换后小波系数的特点选择视觉重要系数，量化嵌入二值水印序列。利用人类视觉系统的纹理掩蔽特性和照度掩蔽特性自适应调整量化间距，以保证水印的透明性。算法实现了水印的盲检测。仿真实验的结果表明，算法对各种常用的水印攻击方法具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于系数奇偶量化的图像水印算法

文中提出了一种新的基于系数奇偶量化的图像小波域数字水印算法,该算法首先对水印图像进行置乱处理,载体图像的小波变换系数经奇偶量化后,将置乱后的水印图像嵌入其中。算法对小波系数的奇偶量化性能在鲁棒性和水印的不可见性上进行了很好的折衷,实验表明该算法对载体图像的影响较小且具有很好的鲁棒性,可以有效地抵抗JPEG压缩、噪声干扰等常见的攻击。     

音频中同时嵌入稳健水印和脆弱水印的探讨

在同一音频作品中先后加入稳健水印和脆弱水印,通过对小波变换系数模2取余方法嵌入稳健水印,通过对离散小波变换系数采取适当的量化处理嵌入脆弱水印。讨论了嵌入参数对水印不可知性、稳健性和脆弱性的影响。     

A robust blind watermarking method using quantization of distance between wavelet coefficients

In this paper, we propose a robust blind watermarking algorithm based on quantization of distance among wavelet coefficients for copyright protection. We divide wavelet coefficients into some blocks and obtain the first, second, and third maximum coefficients in each block. Then, we quantize the first and second maximum coefficients according to binary watermark bits. Using the block-based watermarking, we can extract the watermark without using the original image or watermark. The algorithm as a watermarking system has appropriate performance due to imperceptibility. In addition, experimental results also show that the proposed method is quite robust under either non-geometry or geometry attacks.     

基于提升小波的多重数字音频水印

该文提出了一种在提升小波域同时嵌入鲁棒水印和易损水印的音频水印算法。原始音频信号经过提升小波变换后,将低频小波系数进行均值量化嵌入鲁棒水印,具有较好的鲁棒性和不可感知性;对高频小波系数直接进行单个系数量化嵌入易损水印,当音频内容发生篡改时,这些水印信息会发生相应的改变,从而可以鉴定原始音频的完整性。水印的提取不需要原始音频信号。实验结果表明,鲁棒水印对MP3压缩、低通滤波、加噪、重量化、重采样等信号处理攻击具有很强的鲁棒性;而易损水印对上述攻击则具有很强的敏感性。     

Multipurpose speech watermarking based on multistage vector quantization of linear prediction coefficients

To make speech watermarking achieve both copyright protection and integrity verification, a novel multipurpose speech watermarking algorithm based on the multistage vector quantization (MSVQ) of linear prediction coefficients (LPCs) is presented in this article. The property of natural speech that the vector quantization (VQ) indices of the LPCs amongst neigh- boring frames tend to be very similar is utilized to embed the robust watermark in the indices of the first-stage VQ (VQ1). Then, the semi-fragile watermark is embedded in the indices of the second-stage VQ (VQ2) with index constrained VQ encoding scheme. Both the robust watermark and the semi-fragile water- mark can be extracted without host speech. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of robustness and semi-fragility.     

数字水印技术:从概念到应用

介绍了数字水印技术的基本概念、应用背景，数字水印技术的基本要求、发展现况与发展方向。并提出一种基于图像特征树量化的数字水印算法，水印信息嵌入在图像的重要特征之中，故对JPEG、JPEG2000压缩以及高斯噪音等多种处理具有较强的鲁棒性。     

采用辅助信息通信机制的稳健音频水印算法

数字水印技术被看作辅助信息通信机制的一种特殊形式。本文采用这处机制提出了一种稳健的数字音频水印算法，嵌入算法利用了原始音频信号的感知冗余来自适应地控制水印信号对音频品质的冲击，嵌入水印后的音频信号与原始信号在感知上是相似的。利用均值滤波处理，算法在水印的检测过程中不需要使用原始信号，实验表明本算法对通常的音频信号处理，如MP3音频压缩，低通滤波等具有较好的稳健性。     

基于奇异值分解的DCT域音频数字水印算法

提出了一种基于DCT直流分量的音频数字水印算法。算法根据音频信号在DCT域能量较大处可以隐藏较多信息的水印嵌入原则,结合音频信号在DCT域能量分布特征,首先把原音频信号先进行分段处理,然后对每段做DCT变换,找出水印嵌入点,实现了在一段音频信号中隐藏一幅二值图像的奇异值向量。实验结果表明,该算法对MP3压缩、低通滤波、重采样等恶性攻击具有较强的鲁棒性和不可感知性。     

A Novel Audio Watermarking Algorithm for Copyright Protection of Digital Audio

Digital watermark technology is now drawing attention as a new method of protecting digital content from unauthorized copying. This paper presents a novel audio watermarking algorithm to protect against unauthorized copying of digital audio. The proposed watermarking scheme includes a psychoacoustic model of MPEG audio coding to ensure that the watermarking does not affect the quality of the original sound. After embedding the watermark, our scheme extracts copyright information without access to the original signal by using a whitening procedure for linear prediction filtering before correlation. Experimental results show that our watermarking scheme is robust against common signal processing attacks and it introduces no audible distortion after watermark insertion.     

基于奇异值分解的小波域水印算法

结合奇异值分解（SVD）和离散小渡变换（DWT）的特点,提出一种基于SVD的小波域数字图像水印算法。该算法将二值水印图像经过取反置乱后嵌入到原始图像小波中频子带的奇异值中,具有较高的抗攻击能力。仿真实验证明,该算法不仅具有良好的透明性,而且对常见攻击,如：叠加噪声、JPEG压缩、滤波及几何攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

一种新的扩频音频水印算法

音频水印提供了一种数字保密的方法，用来保护作者和版权所有者的权利。在本文中。基于扩频技术提出了一种新的音频水印算法．即应用音频的瞬时平均频率(IMF)来嵌入数字水印，其目标是最大限度的满足水印的不可觉察性和健壮性。本文算法对原始的音频信号进行短时傅立叶变换，从而估计出信号的加权瞬时平均频率(IMF)。基于心理声学模型的掩蔽特性。可以得出水印被要求的相应的声压级。根据这些结果调制产生一个依赖于信号的不可觉察的水印。本算法允许在5秒钟的音频信号中嵌入25位信息。实验结果表明本文算法对于常见的信号处理攻击包括滤波、MP3压缩和添加噪声具有很好的健壮性。     

基于DWT的同步数字音频盲水印算法研究

文中提出了一种基于离散小波变换的同步数字音频盲水印算法．嵌入的水印为视觉上可辨的二值图像．算法中引入了嵌入同步信号的思想，利用同步信号定位水印的嵌入位置，为了提高信号的鲁棒性，把同步信号与水印隐藏在DWT域的低频系数中；同时，检测水印时不需要原始音频．仿真实验表明：所提出的方法具有较强的鲁棒性和不可感知性，并能有效抵御各种常见攻击．