社会网络环境下基于信任传递的推荐模型研究

现有基于信任的推荐算法中没有充分挖掘用户间的信任关系,且缺乏合理的信任关系传递规则,极大地影响了推荐算法的可靠性和准确性。针对上述问题,通过用户评分数据与用户的社会关系建立信任传递模型,提出一种基于信任传递的推荐算法。该算法首先利用评分数据计算信任传递模型中用户的隐式直接信任关系,其次通过求解有序加权平均算子融合多条信任传递链的间接信任关系,最后将计算出的用户信任度与相似度融合为综合相似度进行预测推荐。实验结果证实了所提算法可有效提升系统的推荐质量。     

基于多重信任的协同过滤推荐算法

针对评分数据稀疏性和用户冷启动所导致的协同过滤推荐系统的准确度与覆盖率较低的问题,文中融合显性信任和隐性信任因素,提出了一种基于多重信任的协同过滤推荐算法。首先,依据用户间推荐评分的准确性与可依赖度因子,提出一种改进的均方差(Mean Squared Difference,MSD)信任度量方法,并在此基础上提出基于隐性信任信息的评分模型;其次,以最大信任传播距离为约束,提出一种显性信任信息的关系模型;最后,依据评分相似性与显性信任关系,利用0-1背包组合优化策略选择出目标用户的最优近邻集合,从而进行评分预测。在Epinions数据集上与多种主流算法的对比仿真实验结果表明,该算法通过引入有效评分和显性信任关系,极大地缓解了数据稀疏性和冷启动问题,并且在不牺牲覆盖率的条件下显著提升了推荐准确度。     

一种基于社会信任潜在因子模型的推荐方法

随着社交网络的快速发展、社交网络用户规模的不断扩大,如何为用户推荐感兴趣的信息变得越发困难。传统的推荐方法利用用户兴趣的历史数据来预测用户未来感兴趣的项目,忽视了社交网络中的信任关系,导致推荐方法的推荐质量不高。针对上述问题,提出了基于社会信任潜在因子模型的推荐方法。该方法引入社会信任来度量社交网络中朋友之间的隐含信任关系,根据社会信任程度来选择用户信任的朋友,对用户信任的朋友与目标用户的共同兴趣进行潜在因子分析,构建基于社会信任的潜在因子模型,实现目标用户的前k个项目推荐。真实数据集上的对比实验结果表明,基于社会信任潜在因子模型的推荐方法在推荐质量上优于现有的推荐方法。     

一种基于信任和不信任的矩阵分解推荐算法

推荐系统可以有效的解决信息过载问题,使得的用户快速的找到感兴趣的物品.然而真实场景中的数据极度稀疏,严重影响推荐质量.基于信任的矩阵分解推荐算法通过利用评分信息和信任信息进行推荐,可以在一定程度上减少因评分信息稀疏对推荐性能造成的影响.但基于信任的矩阵分解推荐算法只考虑了用户间的信任信息,却忽略了用户间的不信任信息,事实上用户间的不信任信息同样对推荐质量有着重要的影响.本文提出了一种新颖的非负矩阵分解算法TDSVD,TDSVD利用评分信息,信任信息和不信任信息进行个性化推荐.因为TDSVD算法利用了3种信息进行推荐,所以很大程度上减小了数据稀疏对推荐质量的影响.并且在模型训练时,本文加入了一种新颖的信任正则化项和不信任正则化项.最后,在真实数据集Epinions的实验也表明本文提出的算法TDSVD优于其它经典算法,能够显著提高推荐准确性.     

融合标签传播和信任扩散的个性化推荐方法

信任网络能模拟现实社会,因此其用户间的信任数据可用于推荐算法,但同时也面临数据稀疏的问题,推荐效果较差。针对该问题,提出融合标签传播和信任扩散的个性化推荐方法。设计基于标签传播的大社区发现算法,得到独属于每个用户的大社区。根据各用户所属大社区内用户间的信任网络,给出信任预处理算法,预测用户新的信任关系,从而扩展用户的信任网络,并利用混合信任扩散算法,使用户及其所在大社区内其他用户之间的信任度更趋差异化。使用Epinions.com上的数据集进行实验,结果表明,与普通信任网络推荐方法相比,该方法的推荐准确度有明显提高。     

基于综合信任的社会化混合推荐算法

推荐系统是处理信息过载问题的重要手段,现有的基于信任网络推荐算法没有充分挖掘用户信任关系信息,影响推荐效果。提出了综合评估信任（CETrust）的模型,该模型综合考虑了用户间的直接信任和间接信任等因素。结合推荐项目的特征属性信息,集成到概率矩阵的因式分解模型中推荐。实验表明,新提出的推荐算法（H-CETrust）推荐精度高于现有推荐算法的推荐精度。     

融合用户动态标签和信任关系的协同过滤算法

针对协同过滤推荐算法中的冷启动以及数据稀疏问题,提出一种融合用户动态标签和用户信任关系的矩阵概率分解模型。该模型首先通过构建用户集、标签集和物品集三者间的动态联系,建立用户动态偏好矩阵;接着构建基于用户社会网络信息的用户信任关系矩阵,该信任关系矩阵使用用户信任反馈机制以实时更新用户间的信任值;最后提出融合用户动态标签和用户信任关系的矩阵概率分解模型,并在MovieLens与Jester_Joke_data数据集上进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,该算法在绝对误差均值、准确率与召回率方面获得了较好的效果,在一定程度上能有效提高了协同过滤推荐算法的性能。     

基于社交信任聚类的混合推荐算法

推荐系统能够有效地解决信息过载问题,其中,协同过滤（collaborative filtering,简称CF）是推荐系统广泛采用的技术之一.然而传统的CF技术存在可扩展性差、数据稀疏和推荐结果精度低等问题.为了提高推荐质量,将信任关系融合到推荐系统中,采用聚类（FCM）方法,对信任关系进行聚类.利用信任类预测用户间的隐式信任,最后将信任关系与用户-项目关系线性融合进行推荐.在Douban和Epinions数据集上的实验结果表明,与传统的基于CF、基于信任和用户项目聚类的推荐算法相比,该算法能够大幅度地改进推荐质量,提升算法的时间效率.     

融合邻居选择策略和信任关系的兴趣点推荐

兴趣点推荐是推荐系统的关键研究之一,传统的算法只利用用户签到信息进行推荐,且对于签到信息只单纯地考虑签到和没签到,而忽略了用户签到的频次和信任关系。为提高推荐精度,提出了一种融合用户相似性、地理位置和信任关系的混合推荐算法(UGT)。对于签到信息,采用签到频次来代替传统的二值签到,并对签到信息添加时间权重;对于基于用户的协同过滤,提出了一种邻居选择策略来提高预测精度;对于信任关系,首先分析用户的属性,然后给出社会地位的计算方法,重构信任度的计算方法。实验结果表明,该混合算法相比较传统的推荐算法而言,在准确率和召回率上有了显著的提升。     

基于弱关系的异质社交网络推荐

针对基于"相似性"或深度信任的传统强关系推荐导致的推荐结果趋于同质性问题,利用弱关系丰富的语义信息和强大的信息传递能力,提出一种基于弱关系的异质社交网络推荐算法.借助用户间的信任值对因引入弱关系产生的大量用户节点进行筛选,减少后续计算负载;充分利用网络中丰富的对象和关系信息,建立拓展的全关系用户-项目异质信息网络模型(UI-HIN),改善推荐的单一性与冗余性;利用最佳信任路径选择算法(BTP)对全关系UI-HIN路径搜索进行优化得到一组最佳信任路径.实验结果表明,该算法的推荐效果具有更好的针对性、新颖性和多样性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.