中华人民共和国化工行业标准过磷酸钙

中华人民共和国化工行业标准过磷酸钙ＨＧ２７４０─９５代替ＺＢＧ２１００３─８７１主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了过磷酸钙的技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、运输和贮存。本标准适用于以工业硫酸处理磷矿制成的农业用疏松状过磷酸钙。２术语本标准中涉及...     

中华人民共和国专业标准过磷酸钙

本标准适用于以工业硫酸分解磷矿粉生产的农业用粉状过磷酸钙。1 技术要求 1.1 外观:深灰色、灰白色、淡黄色等疏松粉状物。 1.2 过磷酸钙应符合表1要求;     

粒状过磷酸钙生产工艺

过磷酸钙粒化是科学施肥的需要 ,施用粒状过磷酸钙比粉状的好。这是因为粉状过磷酸钙在土壤中受生物、物理、化学的共同作用 ,大量可溶的 P2 O5转变成植物难于吸收的状态。同时 ,粉状过磷酸钙因含有较高的游离酸和水分 ,物理性能不好 ,发粘易结块 ,很难用于机械化施肥。粒状过磷酸钙没有上述缺点 ,且肥效可以平缓释放 ,流失少 ,作物吸收较完全。因此 ,在等效施肥的条件下 ,粒状过磷酸钙单位面积施肥量远较粉状过磷酸钙少。粒状过磷酸钙可以利用复混肥生产装置生产。这里介绍 3万吨 /年复混肥装备生产粒状过磷酸钙的工艺简况。1　工艺流程简…     

化成法粒状重过磷酸钙游离酸控制技术

针对化成法重钙生产过程中熟化库小、熟化期短、产品游离磷酸难控制、物料物性差及系统堵塞严重等问题,提出了在反应过程中添加适量硫酸、混合器优化改造、使用轻烧镁粉（苦土）作中和添加剂等3项措施,降低和稳定了重钙产品游离酸含量,物料物性改善,产品质量提高。     

粒状重过磷酸钙及其测定方法行业标准的简介

<正> 重过磷酸钙,亦称三料过磷酸钙,简称“重钙”。英文为:Double Superphos-phate 或 Triple Superphosphate,缩写为TSP。其主要成分为一水磷酸二氢钙〔Ca(H_2PO_4)_2·H_2O〕。重过磷酸钙是高浓度,微酸性磷肥,大部分为水溶性 P_2O_5。外观呈灰白色或暗褐色,有吸湿性,受潮后易结块。重过磷酸钙的生产,在世界上已形成相当大的规模。据资料报导,1984年世界重过     

粒状重过磷酸钙游离酸控制工业试验研究

针对化成法粒状重过磷酸钙（以下简称重钙）生产过程中,冷却机内通氨中和少量游离酸来提高产品品质而导致产品温度高易结块等问题,提出在造粒机内进行通氨和加轻烧镁粉（以下简称苦土）中和游离酸的研究思路,并开展了工业试验研究。结果表明：造粒机内添加液氨5.0 kg/t+苦土10.0 kg/t（以1 t熟化重钙计）中和游离酸,成品中游离酸质量分数低于3%,可达出口粒状重钙标准;同时降低原料温度,有效改善了产品结块问题。     

粒状重过磷酸钙干燥机小齿轮轴瓦改滚动轴承传动方式

粒状重过磷酸钙装置干燥机小齿轮铜轴瓦损坏频繁。针对轴瓦传动和滚动轴承传动的优缺点,对滚动轴承传动进行设计计算,提出用滚动轴承传动代替轴瓦传动。改造后,设备故障时间年减少218 h,因产量提高增加利润117.84万元。     

全国肥料标委会拟修订粒状重过磷酸钙行业标准

化肥审查部按照生产许可证相关法规的规定，根据全国工业产品生产许可证办公室赋予的职薏，在全许办和全国审查中心的领导和帮助下，在各省市区生产许可证办公室和有关行业部门的配合与支持下，认真开展化肥产品生产许可证工作，截止2004年11月底共汇总上报1956家复混肥料生产企业的2652个单元的生产许可证材料、759家磷肥生产企业的789个单元的生产许可证材料，对于争核中发现的问题已及时与各省许可证办公室进行了沟通，对发现问题的材料进行更正、说明或重新返工。各项产品生产许可证工作具体进度为：     

Field evaluation of commercial triple superphosphate fertilizers

Field studies were conducted for three years (1987–1989) at two locations to evaluate 4 commercial triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizers containing various levels of water-soluble P. The fertilizers had been produced from phosphate rock deposits located in Florida, North Carolina and Morocco. AOAC available P was 81 to 94% water-soluble. Water-soluble P was inversely related to the level of Fe and Al in the fertilizers. Phosphorus from each source was applied to a Malbis soil (Plinthic Paleudults) and a Hartsells soil (Typic Hapludults) at rates of 0, 25, 49 and 99 kg ha^–1. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields were increased by the application of P, except for the Malbis soil in 1988. Yields were not affected by the source of added P on either soil during the three years of the study. Fertilizer performance was not affected by the level of water-soluble P or the content of Fe and Al when band applied to potatoes under field conditions in the Southeastern United States.     

Compaction of metal salt-urea complexes with triple superphosphate

It has been the experience of the fertilizer industry that urea should not be cogranulated or blended with superphosphate because urea reacts with monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCP·H₂O) in superphosphate to form an adduct. This reaction releases the water of hydration and causes the product to become wet and sticky or severely caked during storage. The objectives of this study were [1] to test the feasibility of preventing or retarding the reaction by complexing the urea with various salt hydrates and [2] to measure ammonia volatilization from metal salt-urea complexes on the soil surface.Three metal salt-urea complexes — Al(urea)₆(NO₃)₃, Fe(urea)₆(NO₃)₃, and Mn(urea)₄Cl₂ — were prepared and cogranulated by compaction with pure MCP·H₂O or triple superphosphate (TSP) at a mole ratio of MCP:urea as 1:2. These materials were then compared with the same material without metal salts in terms of changes in free water content during a storage period of 6 weeks. Without metal salts a rapid and significant increase in free water content of the cogranulated MCP·H₂O + urea or TSP + urea was observed. The increases in free water content were found to range from 1.5% to 1.8%, corresponding to approximately 63% and 78% of the added MCP·H₂O that reacted with urea in the cogranulated products. On the other hand, little change or only a slight increase (less than 0.5%) in free water content was observed with the cogranulated metal salt-urea complexes.Ammonia volatilization losses from urea on the soil surface were measured in a period up to 14 d with two soils: Windthorst (pH 7.6) and Savannah (pH 7.0). The fertilizer materials used were granular. In Windthorst soil, the amounts of NH₃-N lost were 25% for prilled urea, 11% for Mn(urea)₄Cl₂, and essentially none for Mn(urea)₄Cl₂ compacted with TSP at a mole ratio of MCP:urea as 1:1 or 1:2. In Savannah soil, the amounts of NH₃-N lost were 39% for prilled urea, 24% for Mn(urea)₄Cl₂, 15% for Fe(urea)₆(NO₃)₃, and less than 6% for each of the two metal salt-urea complexes compacted with TSP. The acidity that resulted from metal complexing of urea reduced NH₃ volatilization from hydrolyzed urea in soils, and additional acidity produced from hydrolysis of MCP·H₂O further reduced NH₃ losses when materials were applied as multicomponent granules (metal salt + urea + TSP).     

Interaction of urea with triple superphosphate in a simulated fertilizer band

Fertilizer nutrient diffusion from fertilizer bands and transformations in soil can affect fertilizer nutrient availability to crops and knowledge of the transformations is necessary for proper management. The interaction of urea and triple superphosphate (TSP) on urea hydrolysis and P transformations during diffusion processes from a fertilizer band was evaluated in a laboratory incubation experiment with two eastern Canadian soils (Ste Rosalie clay, Modifiers Typic Humaquept, pH 5.0; Ormstown silty clay loam, Modifiers Typic Humaquept, pH 6.0). Two fertilizer sources (urea and TSP) and three N and P rates (0, 100 and 200 kg ha^–1) were combined in a factorial arrangement. Fertilizer combinations were placed on segmented soil columns, incubated and segments were analyzed for N and P content. Acidification from dissolution of TSP retarded urea hydrolysis, and curtailed the rise in soil pH surrounding the fertilizer band. Urea hydrolysis caused dissolution of organic matter in soils, which might inhibit precipitation of insoluble phosphates. Banding urea with TSP increased 1M KCl extractable soil P, soil solution P, sorbed P concentration and total P diffused away from the band. Urea decreased 0.01M CaCl₂ extractable P, indicating probable precipitation of calcium phosphates with CaCl₂ extraction. Banding urea with TSP could benefit P diffusion to plant roots in low Ca soils and increase fertilizer P availability.     

料浆法制备重过磷酸钙工艺条件优化的研究

介绍以浓磷酸淤渣与磷矿浆为原料,采用料浆法制备重过磷酸钙的实验,研究反应停留时间、磷矿粉细度等工艺条件对磷矿分解率的影响。通过实验,得到制备重过磷酸钙的较优工艺条件:m(P_2O_5磷酸)/m(P_2O_5磷精矿)=2.4,反应温度为90~100℃,反应停留时间为25~35 min,磷矿粉细度为粒径0.074 mm的颗粒占60%左右,得到的重过磷酸钙产品达到一等品的要求。     

Availability of banded triple superphosphate with urea and phosphorus use efficiency by corn

Phosphorus fixation results in low P use efficiency in acid soils. Increase in soil pH through urea hydrolysis may improve P availability and use efficiency. Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of urea on triple superphosphate (TSP) transformation and P use efficiency. A Ste. Rosalie clay (Typic Humaquept), an Ormstown silty clay loam (Typic Humaquept) and a Chicot sandy clay loam (Typic Hapludalf) were used in the growth chamber experiment with three rates of N (0, 200 and 400 mg N kg-1), two N sources, either urea or NH4 NO3, based on 87 mg P kg-1 soil. In the field, three rates of urea (0, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1) and two rates of TSP (26 and 52 kg P ha-1) were compared on a Ste. Rosalie clay and an Ormstown silty clay loam. Compacted or blended mixtures of urea-TSP with different ratios of N:P were used in the field experiment. In the growth chamber experiment, soil pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration was increased by added urea, and Mehlich (3) and water extractable P thus increased with increased urea. Soil pH, DOC and available P levels were not significantly affected by added NH4 NO3. Phosphorus uptake increased with added N, either urea or NH4 NO3, but P concentration increased only with addition of urea. In the field, soil Mehlich (3)-P at day 20, P uptake and use efficiency, corn yields increased when urea was applied with TSP. Compacted mixtures of urea-TSP increased P uptake and use efficiency, corn yields in comparison with blended mixtures. The beneficial effects of banded urea with TSP on P availability and P use efficiency were primarily attributed to urea hydrolysis, subsequent pH increase and organic matter dissolution as well as synergistic effect of N and P. These results indicate that compaction of urea plus TSP may offer a significant advantage over blended mixtures.     

Effect of soil pH on the requirement for water-soluble phosphorus in triple superphosphate fertilizers

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine if soil pH affects the requirement for water-soluble P and the tolerance of water-insoluble impurities in TSP fertilizers. Two commercial TSP fertilizers were selected to represent a range in phosphate rock sources and impurities. Phosphate fertilizer impurities were isolated as the water-washed fraction by washing whole fertilizers with deionized water. TSP fertilizers with various quantities of water-soluble P (1.2 to 99% water-soluble P) were simulated by mixing the water-washed fertilizer fractions or dicalcium phosphate (DCP) with reagent-grade monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The fertilizers were applied to supply 40 mg AOAC available P kg^–1 to a Mountview silt loam (fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudults). Wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.)) was harvested at 49 and 84 days after planting. Soil pH values at the final forage harvest were 5.4±0.16 and 6.4±0.15. At a soil pH of 5.4, the TSP fertilizers required only 37% water-soluble P to reach maximum yields while at pH 6.4 the fertilizers required 63% water-soluble P. Results of this study show that higher levels of water -insoluble P can be tolerated in TSP fertilizers when applied to acid soils. Phosphorus uptake was not affected by soil pH, but for the mixtures containing the fertilizer residues the source having the lowest level of Fe and Al had a higher relative agronomic effectiveness.     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.     

E-35表面活化疏松剂在重过磷酸钙生产中的应用

探讨疏松剂在淤酸生产重过磷酸钙中的应用,主要是为了提高磷酸的活性,加快熟化速度,缩短熟化期.     

Mono- and diammonium phosphates and triple superphosphate as sources of P in a calcareous soil

Recovery of phosphorus from monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP) and triple superphosphate (TSP), at rates of 0, 15, 30, or 45 mg P kg^–1 was determined in a pot experiment on a Calcaric Lithosol soil (21% CaCO₃). At the 15 mg P kg^–1 rate DAP was as effective as MAP and more effective than TSP in supplying P, but it was less effective than MAP and TSP at the higher rates of 30 and 45 mg P kg^–1. At the two higher P rates residual bicarbonate extractable P was also significantly lower with DAP. Yield dry matter was not affected by the source of P.