共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
生物柴油在德国和欧洲的发展现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物柴油是一种来自于动植物的可再生燃料资源,具有优良的生物可降解性。目前世界各国正掀起开发利用生物柴油资源的热潮。对目前德国和欧洲其他国家生物柴油的发展状况进行了介绍,包括各国的产能,生物柴油的价格以及各国对生物柴油的财政支持和税收政策。 相似文献
2.
新能源微生物柴油的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物柴油是一种来源广泛的可再生燃料资源,目前在世界各国正掀起开发利用生物柴油资源的热潮,但在生物柴油产业发展过程中,原料不足成为规模化的瓶颈.产油微生物可直接利用秸秆类农林废弃物、农副产品加工废弃物、工业废物及废水等廉价再生资源经发酵转化为微生物柴油.相对于传统的生物柴油,其优点是不受季节气候及土地资源的影响,易于大规模连续化生产.对国内外微生物柴油的研究现状、发展趋势及制备工艺进行了介绍,对我国微生物柴油的原料来源及特性进行了阐述,指出微生物柴油产业化发展所存在的问题,提出了相应的解决对策. 相似文献
3.
我国已确立了生物柴油"不与民争粮,不与粮争地"的发展思路,意味着"非粮"木本生物柴油在未来的产业发展中将起到重要作用。对相关新资源开展合理的筛选和开发成为突破生物柴油原料短缺困局的选择之一,能有效拓宽原料来源并降低成本。介绍了我国已有分布的"非粮"木本生物柴油新资源,并对26种"非粮"木本原料油脂肪酸组成和生物柴油特性进行了比较分析,通过聚类分析建立了以脂肪酸种类为变量的5大类别,且对原料油组成特性和生物柴油性能参数进行了模型拟合,拟合度较高,为预测生物柴油性能提供参考依据。 相似文献
4.
我国生物柴油产业现状及发展对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
石油危机、环境污染加速了可再生、环境友好替代能源的发展,生物柴油无疑是其中一个重要热点。作为可再生的生物质液体燃料,生物柴油的开发应用将对社会经济的发展产生巨大的影响。对改善生态环境、提高能源安全、实现可持续发展及调整农业结构、增加农民收入等具有重要意义。目前世界上许多国家正从国家战略的高度大力开发生物柴油技术并推进其产业化进程。就生物柴油的优点、发展生物柴油的意义及我国生物柴油产业研究发展现状进行了综述,并对我国生物柴油产业的发展提出具体建议。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
生物柴油是一种资源可再生、环境友好的新能源,是用植物油、动物油脂、废弃油脂等作为原料与甲醇或乙醇经酯交换反应制得,故又称混合脂肪酸甲酯或乙酯(混合单酯)。利用生物柴油进行深加工、开发高附加值的C16、C18、C20脂肪酸酯等单酯精细化学品,可提高生物柴油行业利润,促进生物柴油产业的发展。分析了单酯分离的必要性,综述了国内外近年来生物柴油中单酯的分离方法,并展望其开发前景,为研发生物柴油中单酯的分离技术提供思路。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
现代生物柴油的生产工艺及产品质量 总被引:18,自引:3,他引:18
介绍了最新开发的,由植物油脂经酯交换,离心机分离连续生产生物柴油的CD-工艺方法。检测表明,经该法生产的生物柴油,各项技术指标与天然柴油极为相似,其各项燃烧指标优于或与普通柴油相仿,满足欧洲2号排放标准。 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
Kyung Seok Yang Jung-Hoon Sohn Hyung Kwoun Kim 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2009,107(6):599-604
Biodiesel, an alternative fuel, is generated via the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil or animal oil with alcohol. Currently, many reports have noted that microbial lipases might be utilized for the production of biodiesel. Among them, immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym435) is frequently utilized for its biocatalytic efficiency and availability. However, as the enzyme is unstable in a medium containing high concentrations of methanol, a multi-stepwise methanol supply is required for the efficient production of biodiesel. Photobacterium lipolyticum lipase (M37) was determined to be quite stable in a medium containing a high concentration of methanol. The enzyme activity was maintained for longer than 48 h without any loss at a methanol concentration of 10%. In an effort to evaluate enzyme performance in the production of biodiesel, we have compared M37 lipase and Novozym435 in the biodiesel production reaction using fresh or waste oil and methanol. In the 3-stepwise methanol feeding method generally conducted for Novozym435 in biodiesel production, the M37 lipase showed a similar or superior conversion yield to Novozym435. However, the M37 lipase evidenced significantly higher conversion yields in the 2 and 1 step methanol feeding reactions. Particularly in the 1 step process using 10% of methanol where almost no conversion was detected by Novozym435, the biodiesel yield achieved with M37 lipase reached a level of up to 70% of the possible maximum yield. Consequently, this methanol-tolerant lipase, M37, has been shown to be a suitable enzyme for use in the biodiesel production process. 相似文献
16.
Impact of biodiesel source material and chemical structure on emissions of criteria pollutants from a heavy-duty engine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
McCormick RL Graboski MS Alleman TL Herring AM Tyson KS 《Environmental science & technology》2001,35(9):1742-1747
Biodiesel is an oxygenated diesel fuel made from vegetable oils and animal fats by conversion of the triglyceride fats to esters via transesterification. In this study we examined biodiesels produced from a variety of real-world feedstocks as well as pure (technical grade) fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters for emissions performance in a heavy-duty truck engine. The objective was to understand the impact of biodiesel chemical structure, specifically fatty acid chain length and number of double bonds, on emissions of NOx and particulate matter (PM). A group of seven biodiesels produced from real-world feedstocks and 14 produced from pure fatty acids were tested in a heavy-duty truck engine using the U.S. heavy-duty federal test procedure (transient test). It was found that the molecular structure of biodiesel can have a substantial impact on emissions. The properties of density, cetane number, and iodine number were found to be highly correlated with one another. For neat biodiesels, PM emissions were essentially constant at about 0.07 g/bhp-h for all biodiesels as long as density was less than 0.89 g/cm3 or cetane number was greater than about 45. NOx emissions increased with increasing fuel density or decreasing fuel cetane number. Increasing the number of double bonds, quantified as iodine number, correlated with increasing emissions of NOx. Thus the increased NOx observed for some fuels cannot be explained by the NOx/PM tradeoff and is therefore not driven by thermal NO formation. For fully saturated fatty acid chains the NOx emission increased with decreasing chain length for tests using 18, 16, and 12 carbon chain molecules. Additionally, there was no significant difference in NOx or PM emissions for the methyl and ethyl esters of identical fatty acids. 相似文献
17.
18.
助溶剂在生物柴油酯化反应过程中的促进作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物柴油是一种与石化柴油相比具有性能优势的可再生燃料,由动植物油等可再生原料与甲醇、乙醇等低碳醇经酯交换制得的脂肪酸单酯。生物柴油在全球范围内的逐步普及,对工艺过程和生产效率提出了更高的要求。由于助溶剂能够大大提高酯交换反应速率,从而提高生产设备的效率,降低能耗,故受到人们的普遍重视。根据各种助溶剂的性质,可将助溶剂划分为物质助溶剂和能量助溶剂,对酯交换过程中助溶剂加入的必要性,各种催化剂条件下助溶剂的使用特点,各种助溶方法的比较进行了介绍。 相似文献
19.
菜籽油生物柴油与0#柴油氧化安全性比较 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
以菜籽油生物柴油(RME)为原料,分别在氧气流量、金属介质以及常温贮存时,对其氧化安定性进行考察,定时取样,测定其过氧化值、运动黏度和酸值,并与0#柴油进行比较.结果表明,氧气流量的变化,对RME和O#柴油的氧化安定性影响不大且趋势一致;在铜等金属介质存在时,RME的氧化安定性下降,而0#柴油则变化不大;在常温下贮存两个多月以后,两种油氧化安定性仍较好. 相似文献
20.
棉籽油皂脚的开发与利用 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
随着近年来棉籽加工量的不断增加,棉籽油已跻身于大宗油料的行列中,尤其在新疆地区棉籽的加工量在国内名列前茅.因此,棉籽油皂脚的数量也十分可观,在新疆已成为一个亟待解决的问题.对棉籽油生产中下脚料--皂脚的综合开发利用途径进行了阐述,主要对皂脚特性以及皂脚生产磷脂、生物柴油、脂肪酸等方面的现状及生产技术方法进行了分析.结果表明,发展棉籽油皂脚的综合利用大有可为. 相似文献