齐整小核菌发酵产硬葡聚糖的补料控制策略

为促进齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii WSH-G01)利用葡萄糖生产硬葡聚糖,在确定了最优搅拌转速的基础上,研究了2种补料方式对菌体生物量和多糖产量的影响。确定了控制搅拌转速400 r/min;发酵40 h时开始,恒速流加补料葡萄糖总浓度400 g/L,流速6 g/(L·h),补料维持时间32 h的补料策略是最佳补料调控策略。结果表明,此种补料方式在齐整小核菌发酵72 h时获得最高硬葡聚糖产量32. 62 g/L,生物量22. 36 g/L,生产强度0. 45 g/(L·h),底物利用率28%。多糖产量较另一种补料方式提高了15%,较分批发酵提高了76. 5%。     

利用木薯淀粉为原料发酵生产丁二酸的研究

利用木薯粉为原料发酵生产丁二酸,将先糖化后发酵(SHF)和同步糖化发酵(SSF)2种发酵模式进行比较,发现SSF发酵模式在工艺上、产量上均优于SHF,进而对SSF的一些工艺条件进行摇瓶优化,得到SSF的最适发酵温度为37℃,糖化酶添加量为1000U/g,最适底物浓度60g/L.在7L发酵罐中进行放大实验,用木薯粉同步糖化发酵45h,最终丁二酸浓度为61.2g/L,乙酸浓度为4.66g/L,生产强度达到1.36g/(L·h),丁二酸转化率为89%.     

L-缬氨酸高产菌XQ-8补料分批发酵的研究

在分批发酵优化条件基础上,通过对补料分批发酵方式发酵过程的各种参数,包括产酸率、转化率和发酵周期等进行了研究,确定了L-缬氨酸高产菌XQ-8补料分批发酵的最优条件。在最优补料分批发酵条件下发酵72h左右,L-缬氨酸产量达72g/L,糖酸转化率达38%以上,其结果明显优于分批培养。     

发酵生产γ-聚谷氨酸的补料策略

采用补料分批发酵方法对Bacillus subtilis GXA-28摇瓶发酵生产γ-聚谷氨酸的初始葡萄糖和谷氨酸钠浓度、补料时间、补料配方等进行了研究。确定最优补料时间为17 h,补料配方:葡萄糖20 g/L,谷氨酸5 g/L,KH2PO40.5 g/L、MgSO40.1 g/L。在优化的补料条件下,γ-聚谷氨酸产量由16.24 g/L提高至24.36 g/L,较分批发酵提高了50%;生产强度由0.74g/(L·h)提高至0.87 g/(L·h)。研究结果表明,采用分批补料发酵方法能提高γ-聚谷氨酸生产率,实验方法可给γ-聚谷氨酸中试研究提供参考。     

分批补料对醋酸菌发酵转化贻贝壳钙源的影响研究

研究了不同初始酒精浓度对醋酸发酵的影响及分批补料对贝壳钙源发酵的影响.醋酸茵在初始酒精浓度为6％vol时的产酸速率、菌体生长速率都较快,且其发酵周期适中.在此基础上,研究了分批补料发酵过程中菌体生长、产物及副产物的合成规律.结果表明:分批补料发酵通过改善发酵的环境条件,进而提高钙离子的转化率.与分批发酵相比,发酵中钙离子的转化率由18.08％提高到了37.33％,钙离子的总浓度由16.96mg/mL提高到了33.99mg/mL.因此,分批补料发酵可显著提高代谢产物的产量,促进贝壳钙源的生物转化率.     

正交旋转组合优化L-苏氨酸发酵的氮源

利用旋转回归法研究氮源对L-苏氨酸产量的影响并拟合出回归方程,探索L-苏氨酸发酵的最佳氮源及其用量.经回归分析表明,培养基中硫酸铵、酵母粉的含量及其配比对L-苏氨酸产量有显著影响,通过岭脊分析寻优得出:硫酸铵最佳浓度为17.66g/L、酵母粉最佳浓度为2.51 g/L.在此优化条件用10L自动发酵罐补料分批发酵38h,L-苏氨酸产量可达119.7g/L,糖酸转化率为47.9%.     

巴氏醋酸杆菌醋酸发酵工艺的优化

分析比较了巴氏醋酸杆菌AC2005和恶臭醋酸杆菌AS1.41的菌种性能,发现菌株AC2005对酒精和醋酸的耐受性较AS1.41优越.采用响应面分析方法对巴氏醋酸杆菌AC2005初始发酵培养基进行了优化.确定了其最佳水平组合为酒精浓度2.7%、醋酸浓度2.6 g/100mL、装液量40.0mL时,酒精转化率为97.5%,醋酸浓度可达到5.2 g/100mL.在此基础上初步建立了巴氏醋酸杆菌AC2005单批补料的发酵工艺,在发酵过程中补加3次山楂果酒以维持发酵液中酒精浓度为2.0%vol～2.5%vol,发酵周期80h～85h,醋酸浓度可达7.0 g/100mL～8.0 g/100mL.     

L-鸟氨酸补料分批发酵的研究

在优化了批式发酵条件的基础上,通过对流加补料方式、补料速度等发酵过程的各种参数,包括产酸率、转化率、发酵周期等进行了研究,优化了L-鸟氨酸补料分批发酵的条件。在最优补料分批发酵条件下,发酵58 h,L-鸟氨酸产量达59.35 g/L,糖酸转化率达37.09%。发酵结果明显优于分批培养。     

酵母菌醋酸菌混菌发酵高产醋酸工艺研究

以葡萄糖为底物,利用酵母菌和醋酸菌混合发酵生产醋酸,通过单因素试验筛选了最佳醋酸生产工艺条件。试验结果表明:pH值为5.5,醋酸菌种龄48h,接种间隔0h,醋酸菌接种量6%,酵母菌接种量0.15%,装液量50mL/250mL,发酵温度30℃,初始还原糖含量18%为最优工艺条件,在此工艺条件下醋酸的产量可达到10.09g/100mL,糖转化率达到90%。     

优化有机氮源提高小白链霉菌发酵生产ε-聚赖氨酸效率

ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-poly-L-lysine,ε-PL)是小白链霉菌(Streptomyces albulus)分泌产生的一种同型氨基酸聚合物,具有广泛的抑菌活性,目前被多个国家批准使用,是一种优良天然食品防腐剂。为了进一步提高S. albulus GS114的ε-PL发酵产量,对其发酵培养基中有机氮源的种类及浓度进行了系统优化,并对ε-PL产量提高的原因从氨基酸方面进行了初步解析。研究结果显示,S. albulus GS114的最佳有机氮源为酵母浸粉FM760,最佳添加质量浓度为9.27 g/L,在此条件下,摇瓶自然发酵中ε-PL产量达到(2.60±0.02) g/L,较对照有机氮源提高了22.07%;在pH受控的分批发酵中,ε-PL产量达到(6.41±0.23) g/L,较对照提高42.64%;在补料分批发酵中,ε-PL产量达到62.38 g/L,较对照提高了18.80%,葡萄糖转化率提高了25.77%。同时,通过氨基酸添加实验,初步发现酵母浸粉FM760提高ε-PL产量可能与异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和丙氨酸有关。该研究结果对工业发酵生产ε-PL的有机氮源选择具有重要指导意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.