豆豉芽孢杆菌前发醇条件初探与酶活力测定

采用发酵风味突出的枯草芽孢杆菌BJ3-2菌株,以氨基酸态氮为指标,通过单因素和正交实验,确定细菌型豆豉生产的最佳前发酵工艺,并测定了豆豉发酵各阶段酶活力及化学成分含量.结果表明,BJ3-2最佳前发酵条件为:泡豆水pH8.0,泡豆水温37℃,豆量(g):水量为1:4,泡豆时间10h,接种量4%,大豆装载量20%,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间2.5d;发酵豆豉的粗蛋白、游离脂肪酸、总酸和还原糖含量分别为35%、14.2%、1.8%和0.51%;蛋白酶(酸性、中性和碱性)、α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶及豆豉溶纤酶的最大酶活力分别为10.79U/g、25.04U/g、20.36U/g、1.25mg/g、2.15U/g及862.5U/mL.研究为BJ3-2菌株的进一步工业化应用奠定了基础.     

豆豉芽孢杆菌前发酵条件初探与酶活力测定

采用发酵风味突出的枯草芽孢杆菌BJ3-2菌株,以氨基酸态氮为指标,通过单因素和正交实验,确定细菌型豆豉生产的最佳前发酵工艺,并测定了豆豉发酵各阶段酶活力及化学成分含量。结果表明,BJ3-2最佳前发酵条件为:泡豆水pH8·0,泡豆水温37℃,豆量(g):水量为1:4,泡豆时间10h,接种量4%,大豆装载量20%,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间2·5d;发酵豆豉的粗蛋白、游离脂肪酸、总酸和还原糖含量分别为35%、14·2%、1·8%和0·51%;蛋白酶(酸性、中性和碱性)、α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶及豆豉溶纤酶的最大酶活力分别为10·79U/g、25·04U/g、20·36U/g、1·25mg/g、2·15U/g及862·5U/mL。研究为BJ3-2菌株的进一步工业化应用奠定了基础。     

纳豆混合发酵技术研究

研究了一种采用米曲霉、纳豆芽孢杆菌混合发酵技术制作纳豆的新工艺。试验结果表明:米曲霉无盐发酵适宜温度60℃,发酵时间36～42h,发酵的大豆氨基氮含量高,香味好,豆粒完整;用纳豆芽孢杆菌进行二次发酵最佳条件为:发酵温度36℃,接种量1%,发酵时间30h。采用混合发酵技术制作的纳豆具有较高的纳豆激酶活性和中国豆豉香味。     

河南臭豆豉发酵微生物的分离鉴定

为了改变河南臭豆豉目前的现状,加速臭豆豉产品的工业化进程,从河南不同地区采集了5种农户自然发酵的臭豆豉样品,利用平板稀释分离实验,对自然发酵制成的臭豆豉的微生物组成进行了分析.结果表明:河南臭豆豉自然发酵的主要微生物为细菌类,经分离纯化、鉴定后,初步确定为枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌.     

纯种强化发酵细菌型豆豉研究

研究以纯种强化发酵细菌型豆豉为基础,以氨基酸态氮为指标,通过正交试验确定了前发酵条件对豆豉感官评价的影响.结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌RH3519和BJ1-3最佳前发酵条件为泡豆水pH值为8.0,水温40℃,泡豆12h,接种量1.5％,发酵温度37℃,发酵3d.其中RH3519发酵的豆豉,氨基酸态氮及总酸含量分别为1.12g/100g、0.27g/100g,显著高于枯草芽孢杆菌BJ1-3和自然发酵的豆豉,且色泽与风味最佳.经初步工业放大试验显示,RH3519发酵的豆豉色泽更接近于自然发酵的豆豉,拉丝丰富,豉香诱人,且质地均匀,酱香浓郁,可作为工业纯种强化发酵生产豆豉的优良候选菌株.     

豆豉多糖生产工艺优化研究

豆豉作为我国四大传统大豆发酵制品之一,自古以来就具有食用和药用两大用途。以产多糖量为检测终点,对豆豉的生产工艺进行优化研究。通过对显著影响多糖产量的3个因素:发酵时间、发酵温度、pH值进行单因素试验,得出各自较好的水平,再进行正交试验,优化豆豉产多糖的发酵条件,并确定了最佳工艺参数:发酵时间为8天,发酵温度为55℃,pH值为5,此条件下进行发酵,得到曲霉型豆豉中多糖含量为1.87%,且发酵时间对曲霉型豆豉中多糖含量大小影响极显著(P0.01),发酵温度对曲霉型豆豉多糖含量大小影响显著(P0.05)。     

利用总状毛霉生产含γ-亚麻酸豆豉的初步研究

豆豉是中国古老的食品。研究表明:利用毛霉发酵豆豉生产GLA是可行的,最佳的接种量为每10g煮熟的大豆接种5.3×107个孢子,发酵最适温度26℃,最佳豆豉曲发酵时间为72～96h,豆豉曲后发酵8d时获得含量比较平稳的γ-亚麻酸。在研究的最佳条件下发酵豆豉,能获得3倍于传统发酵豆豉的GLA。     

两步固态发酵法酿造功能性豆豉

运用分离自云南传统发酵豆豉的Bacillus subtilis SP-8-5与Lactobacillus plantarum YM-5-2菌株对大豆进行两步固态混合发酵。首先,将菌株B.subtilis SP-8-5接种至经室温浸泡10 h(20℃,质量比为1∶3),110℃(20min)蒸煮处理并冷却至30℃的大豆中,于26℃进行初步发酵42 h;随后再接种L.plantarum YM-5-2,并于30℃发酵2 d,最后置于4℃进行后发酵。经两步固态混合发酵处理后,得到一种纤溶活性较强,生产周期短,保质期相对较长,风味独特且易于被大众接受的新型功能性发酵豆豉。当后发酵时间为21 d时,样品豆豉中B.subtilisSP-8-5活菌数为(5.88±0.53)×108 CFU/g,而L.plantarum YM-5-2活菌数则高达(3.50±0.35)×1011 CFU/g,此时检测豆豉纤溶酶的纤溶圈直径高达(2.99±0.06)cm(37℃,静置培养48 h)。     

毛霉型豆豉后发酵工艺条件的优化研究

豆豉后发酵是风味物质形成、营养成分变化及功能因子形成的重要阶段,以感官评价和理化指标评分作为考察指标,采用正交试验对毛霉型豆豉后发酵工艺条件进行优化试验,并对最佳条件进行验证试验,结果表明：当食盐质量分数为9%、白酒添加量为5%、发酵温度为45 ℃、发酵时间为40 d时,毛霉型豆豉的感官评分为14分,理化指标评分为8分。豆豉的氨基酸态氮含量为0.69%,总酸为1.95%,蛋白质为39.20%,还原糖含量为3.60%。     

两步固态发酵生产豆豉纤溶酶的研究

枯草芽孢杆菌DC-12是从豆豉中筛选得到的高产纤溶酶菌株。以黑豆为原料,曲霉前发酵制得豆豉半成品,研究以该半成品为基质的豆豉纤溶酶的固态发酵条件优化。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌DC-12的最佳固态发酵条件为:豆豉半成品35g/250mL三角瓶,葡萄糖8.0%,初始含水量1.2mL/g(豆豉半成品),初始pH值7.0,接种量12%,培养温度30℃,培养时间84h,优化条件下的平均产酶量达1427 IU·g-1(豆豉半成品),为未优化前酶活的3.60倍。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press