超级电容器有机低温电解液的制备及电化学性能研究

超级电容器低温性能的好坏与其电极材料及电解液密切相关,通过电化学测试研究了以活性炭和石墨烯为电极材料,1mol·L-1不同体积含量丙酸甲酯(MP)的SBP-BF4/(PC+DMC+MP)体系为电解液的超级电容不同温度时的电化学性能,分析发现,MP有助于提升有机电解液的低温性能,MP溶剂体积分数为33％的活性炭超级电容可...     

超级电容器用solvent-in-salt型电解液的研究进展

Solvent-in-salt (SIS)型电解液作为一类新型超浓缩电解液,主要由水或者有机溶剂和易溶盐组成,具有溶液溶剂化程度小、自由溶剂分子少、电化学窗口宽、电化学稳定性高等特点,在超级电容器中显示了独特的优势并展现了良好的应用前景。本文重点综述了SIS型电解液的原理和优势,梳理了近年来SIS作为超级电容器电解液的研究进展,总结了其存在的问题,同时展望了SIS型电解液未来的发展方向。     

超级电容器结构及应用发展概述

超级电容器是一种介于普通电池和电容器之间的新型储能元件,本文简单介绍了超级电容器的原理和特点,并重点阐述了超级电容器电极材料和电解液的特点,包括：碳电极材料、金属氧化物材料和导电聚合物材料以及水体系电解液、有机体系电解液和离子液体电解质等,并对其未来应用和发展方向提出了展望,认为其在混合动力汽车方面应用空间很大。     

金属有机框架材料在超级电容器中的应用研究进展

金属有机框架(MOFs)具有比表面积大、结构和功能可调控等优点,是理想的超级电容器电极材料.综述了近3年来国内外基于MOFs材料制备超级电容器的研究进展,包括单金属MOFs、双金属MOFs和二维MOFs,并展望了MOFs材料在超级电容器中的应用前景.     

液流超级电容器及其研究进展

文章介绍了液流超级电容器的概念、优点、储能机理及其电极、隔膜和电解液三大关键组件,并讲述了其发展趋势和研究重点。     

金属有机框架(MOFs)在超级电容器中的应用与展望

随着全球环境污染问题加重,人们需要清洁高效的能源取代化石燃料,因此开发新型绿色储能装置变得越来越重要。超级电容器是介于传统电容器和电池之间的新型电容器,虽然超级电容器比起传统电容器在储能、功率密度和循环性能等方面有所提升,但在可持续的能源转换和储存系统中,探索高稳定性和高容量的新材料仍是一个充满挑战的问题。金属-有机骨架(MOFs)具有的高比表面积和可调节孔径特性,使其成为电催化候选材料并且在超级电容器领域中引起关注。通过文献研究,介绍了几种常见超级电容器如双电层电容器,赝电容和混合电容器及其近些年在超级电容器领域的MOFs分类：ZIF、IROMFs、MILs、UIOs、HKUST-1系列和其他近年发现的新型MOFs材料,最后总结了MOFs的研究进展及其优缺点,并对金属有机框架(MOFs)在超级电容器中的发展与挑战进行了讨论。     

多孔炭材料在超级电容器中的应用

本文较全面地论述了炭电极和超级电容器的工作机理和优点,讨论炭结构和表面对超级电热器电容量和放电速度的影响以及分析其对漏电流的影响,并介绍前人对多孔炭电极材料进行改良的方法,对目前所使用的活性炭粉、活性炭纤维、碳气凝胶、碳纳米管、纳米碳纤维等炭电极材料进行比较,讨论所存在的一些问题及对未来进行展望.     

Carbon Aerogels for Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors

Carbon aerogels are prepared here via pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels. Their open porous and electrically conductive structure renders carbon aerogels suitable for the application in supercapacitors. Different types of electrodes can be derived from the sol-gel-precursors of carbon aerogels: Monolithic fibre-reinforced electrodes and polymer-carbon compounds. Both carbon fibre reinforced and polymeric bound aerogel electrodes based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have been investigated in this work with respect to their electrical conductivity, surface area and capacitive performance. The capacitance of both electrode types is above 65 F/cm³ in aqueous electrolytes and this meets the demands of supercapacitor electrodes.     

有机电解液双电层电容器的制作

在双电层电容器中使用乙二醇二甲醚为溶剂,高氯酸锂为溶质,可以将单元电压提高到2．5V,在同样电容量的情况下,可以大大降低双电层电容器的体积。     

Review on Engineering and Characterization of Activated Carbon Electrodes for Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors and Separation Processes

Carbonaceous materials are highly important electrode materials due to their wide electrochemical window, inertness with a wide spectrum of electroactive materials, and the possibility to develop highly porous but yet conductive activated carbons. Carbon cloth electrodes could be prepared from simple polymeric materials such as cotton cloth (poly-cellulose) and then could be activated by mild oxidation processes (e.g., using CO₂ at elevated temperatures). Monolithic, conductive carbon cloth electrodes with specific surface area up to 2000 m²/g could be obtained and their porosity could be adjusted by the activation process and calibrated by adsorption processes from both gas and solution phases. Capacities up to 350 F/g could be obtained with activated carbon electrodes in acidic aqueous solutions, which makes these systems very promising for super-capacitor devices. Highly interesting are the correlations between electro-adsorption processes and the electrical properties of activated carbon electrodes, as described herein. This review provides useful guidelines for the engineering of porous carbon electrodes and their characterization by electrochemical, spectral, and physical methods.     

MnO2的制备及其在电化学电容器中的应用

在不同的pH值下，以KMnO4氧化Mn(NO3)2分别合成2种化学MnO2. 晶体结构和晶型经X射线衍射仪和X射线扫描电镜检测，表明pH值对晶体形成有一定的影响. 在-0.3~0.6 V(相对Hg/HgO电极电位)范围用循环伏安法研究两种材料的电化学性能，结果显示它们具有静电电容特征. 活性炭作为对电极组成混合型电化学电容器与MnO2相同电极对称型电化学电容器相比，工作电压窗口和比电容都得到了提高. 恒流充放电显示，对称结构电极比电容分别为262和302 F/g；不对称结构电极比电容为348和342 F/g，具有较好的大电流放电能力和循环寿命.     

Preparation and Application of Nano-composite Poly(vinyl alcohol) Gel Electrolyte in Electrochemical Capacitor

A nano-composite polymer gel electrolyte was prepared using titanium oxide nanowire, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), lithium salt and organic solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The obtained electrolyte has the potential for application in electrochemical capacitor, the PVA in it is in an amorphous state. The ionic conductivities of electrolytes increased after addition of the nanowire, and the electrolyte with 3%(w) of nanowire exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 3.2 mS/cm at 20℃, as measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the conductivity was found to be in agreement with the Arrhenius equation. Functioning as separator and electrolyte, this nano-composite PVA gel electrolyte was used to assemble the electrochemical capacitor with active carbon film as electrodes. The compositing of nanowire may extend the life of electrochemical capacitors as they keep more than 90% of their capacitance after 5000 cycles of charging and discharging.     

铝电解电容器工作电解液添加剂及其应用

文章概述了铝电解电容器的发展趋势，以及影响铝电解电容器性能的主要因素；简要介绍了铝电解电容器工作电解液的作用，以及工作电解液主电解质的发展历程；详细介绍了铝电解电容器工作电解液添加剂的作甩；对工作电解液添加剂的分类、作用机理及其应用进行了全面的分析；最后对铝电解电容器工作电解液添加剂的研究进展进行了概括。     

Qualitative Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy study of ion transport into sub-nanometer carbon pores in Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor electrodes

Ion adsorption onto high surface area microporous Carbide Derived Carbons (CDCs) with pore sizes in the sub-nanometer range was studied by means of the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique in two electrolytes, Tetraethylammonium Tetrafluoroborate (NEt₄BF₄) in Acetonitrile (AN) and in Propylene Carbonate (PC). Polarization at two bias voltages (0.5 V/Ref and −1 V/Ref) for EIS measurements enabled comparing the capacitive behaviors resulting from anions and cations adsorption, respectively, it was confirmed that the effective size of NEt₄⁺ is bigger than the one of BF₄⁻. Higher transport limitation was then observed for cations and was exalted in PC-based electrolyte. Although slow ion transport kinetics, it was found that the low frequency vertical line observed on the Nyquist plots was preserved meaning that carbon electrodes were fully charged. This study confirmed the importance of choosing an electrode carbon pore size adapted to the effective ion size. Finally, the best performances would be got in 1.5 M NEt₄BF₄ AN-based electrolyte with a 0.76 nm pore size negative electrode and a 0.68 nm pore size positive electrode.     

单掺杂ESB电解质与双掺杂DWSB电解质的性能比较

本实验通过双掺杂氧化镝和氧化钨于氧化铋与单掺杂氧化铒于氧化铋所制成的两种电解质进行对比。利用粉末X射线衍射对合成材料进行相分析,利用交流阻抗谱方法测试、计算试样的电导率。研究结果表明,烧结温度选取在800℃时,ESB电解质的结晶度要比DWSB电解质的结晶度要好,并且双掺杂DWSB电解质的晶格常数明显比单掺杂ESB电解质的晶格常数要大。与单掺杂的ESB、DSB、WSB电解质相比,双掺杂的DWSB电解质其结构与δ-Bi2O3的内在结构更加的相近,致使双掺杂的电解质要比单掺杂的电解质的电导率要高。     

The Water Pressure in the Electrical Double Layer

A review of the use of the classical Boltzmann distribution equation in the Gouy theory indicates that it is only a special case, neglecting important parameters. It is indicated that the present double layer theory needs to be revised to include also the effect of the electrical field on the water as a dielectric. The pressure in the electrical double layer of montmorillonite clay-water systems is, thus, evaluated. It is shown that the water pressure in the double layer may reach hundreds of atmospheres.     

锂离子电池高压电解液应用及电化学性能分析

在锂离子电池中电解液是传递锂离子的载体,正是通过电解液实现电池正极、负极及隔膜的连接,由此可见,电解液的品质会直接影响锂离子电池的性能。传统水系电解液的理论分解电压仅1.23V,所以铅酸蓄电池主要应用水系电解液其最高电压仅为2V,而锂离子电池工作电压至少在3~4V,因此研究锂离子电池高压电解液的应用及电化学性能具有重要意义。以磷酸铁锂离子电池(LiFePO_4)使用草酸二氟硼酸锂(LiBC_2O_4F_2)基电解液为例,分析LiBC_2O_4F_2的电化学性能。