聚硅铁混凝去除腐殖酸的研究

考察了聚硅铁(PSF)对腐殖酸(HA)的去除效果及影响因素,并与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、硫酸铁[Fe_2(SO_4)_3]进行了比较.结果表明,当5相似文献   

冷却结晶法处理废酸的设计

一、酸洗与废酸在钢铁、机械加工过程中,普遍采用硫酸溶液来去掉金属表面的铁锈。 FeO H_2O_4→FeSO_4 H_2O Fe_2O_3 3H_2SO_4→Fe_2(SO_4)_3 3H_2O Fe_3O_4 4H_2SO_4→ FeSO_4 Fe_2(SO_4)_3 4H_2O 其中高价铁的氧化物和铁盐不易溶于酸洗液,它的溶解实际上还同时借助了氢原子的还原作用。 Fe H_2SO_4→FeSO_4 2H~ Fe_2O_3 2H~ →2FeO H_2O Fe_3O_4 2H~ →3FeO H_2O Fe_2(SO_4)_3 2H~ →2FeSO_4 H_2SO_4 这些就是酸洗反应的全过程。酸洗的主要产物是硫酸亚铁。当酸洗液中硫酸亚铁的含量增加到一定限度时,酸洗液不能再起作用就成为废酸,需要及时更换。     

混凝预处理Fenton法处理PVA废水的试验研究

采用混凝预处理Fenton氧化法处理聚乙烯醇(PVA)模拟废水,并探究p H值、H_2O_2投加量、FeSO_4·7H_2O投加量、H_2O_2投加次数及反应时间对PVA及COD处理率的影响。试验表明:在一定程度上提高反应时间、H_2O_2投加次数可以提高PVA及COD的去除率;同时确定反应的最佳p H值为3左右;H_2O_2/COD最佳投加量为3左右,后确定Fe SO_2·7H_2O投投加量为40g/L最佳。通过正交试验分析,以pH值、H_2O_2投加量、FeSO_4·7H_2O投加量、反应时间为主要因素建立4因素3水平的正交试验。分析结果表明,反应时间对去除率的影响最大。     

KMnO_4-FeSO_4氧化混凝去除水中砷效能与机理研究

以砷为目标污染物,北江水为本底,采用KMnO_4-FeSO_4(PPC)氧化混凝方法去除水中砷,通过烧杯实验和移动式水质应急实验平台优化工艺参数。该方法投加混凝剂量少,产生污泥量少,絮体沉降性能好,对滤池负荷增加小,便于操作,无需增加构筑物,经济可行;而且有较宽的pH适应范围,处理后出水各水质指标达标等优点。实验结果:当KMnO_4和FeSO_4投加量分别为0.01mmol/L和0.025mmol/L时,去除率最高达到98.9%,最佳pH范围6~8。处理后出水pH基本能稳定在7.5左右,浊度1NTU,而且出水中铁0.3mg/L、锰0.1 mg/L。     

化学预氧化/混凝沉淀工艺对三氯乙醛生成潜能的去除

以南方某微污染水源水为研究对象,分析了不同化学预氧化/混凝沉淀工艺对三氯乙醛生成潜能(CHFP)的去除作用,以找出合适的化学预氧化方式及其最佳投加量,为三氯乙醛(CH)的控制提供指导。结果表明,与混凝沉淀工艺联用,能够有效去除CHFP的化学预氧化药剂有:KMnO_4、ClO_2、H_2O_2和O_3,其最佳投量分别为0.4、0.5、3和0.5 mg/L,对CHFP的去除率分别为78.73%、75.59%、77.82%和74.83%;ClO_2和O_3预氧化在较大的投加量条件下,经混凝沉淀后CHFP增加,而KMnO_4和H_2O_2预氧化在较大投加量条件下,经混凝沉淀后对CHFP的去除作用明显;臭氧/过氧化氢(O_3/H_2O_2)预氧化使CHFP增加,不适用于常规工艺中对CH的控制。     

深水循环加压混凝沉淀除藻工艺研究

为提高水中蓝藻的混凝沉淀去除效果,采用深水循环井对水体进行预处理,使蓝藻气囊在深水压力作用下破裂,藻体失去气囊浮力,再经后续混凝沉淀去除。静态试验表明,随深水循环井深度的加大,混凝沉淀后各项出水指标浓度降低;当循环井深度为80 m、混凝剂[Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O]投加量为30 mg/L时,对叶绿素a、COD_(Mn)和DOC的去除率分别为95.5%、62.1%和39%,出水浊度为1.35 NTU,较2 mg/L的NaClO预氧化混凝沉淀出水效果好且供水水质安全。动态试验进一步表明,深水循环混凝沉淀工艺对去除蓝藻是有效的,特别是对微囊蓝藻的去除尤为明显。     

饮用水源突发镉污染的应急处理技术研究

为应对可能出现的突发性镉污染事件,采用连续流试验考察了常规混凝沉淀工艺、KMnO4预氧化/混凝沉淀工艺、粉末炭(PAC)吸附/混凝沉淀工艺、KMnO4和PAC联用/混凝沉淀工艺以及高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)预氧化/混凝沉淀工艺对镉的去除效果。结果表明,常规混凝沉淀工艺的除镉效果有限,聚合氯化铝投量为4 mg/L时,对Cd2+的去除率仅为10.5%;KMnO4预氧化/混凝沉淀工艺、PAC吸附/混凝沉淀工艺、KMnO4和PAC联用/混凝沉淀工艺对Cd2+的去除率均有提高,但出水水质仍不能满足国家饮用水水质标准。PPC预氧化/混凝沉淀工艺的除镉效果明显,当PPC投量为3.5 mg/L时,沉后水中剩余Cd2+浓度降低至3.3μg/L,达到了国家饮用水水质标准,去除率为95.2%。因此,PPC预氧化可以作为东江沿岸水厂应对镉污染的一种有效的应急处理措施。     

钙镁复配药剂对污水的除磷脱氮作用

针对高氮磷含量污水处理,以钙镁合剂利用化学沉淀法对滤液进行除磷脱氮实验。分析钙镁合剂除磷脱氮的机制,考察NaOH投加量和钙镁药剂复配投加量的影响,得到最佳工艺条件。结果表明:实验中NaOH、MgCl_2和CaCl_2的质量浓度分别为150、60和40 mg/L时,污水中总磷(TP)去除率达到90%,总氮(TN)和NH_3-N去除率达到25%;动态小试试验中选取NaOH、MgCl_2和CaCl_2的质量浓度分别为105、48和24 mg/L时,TP去除率达到90%,TN和NH_3-N去除率达到30%;Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)在一定条件下与PO~-_4、NH~+_4等基团发生反应,生成磷酸铵镁以及羟基磷酸钙沉淀,从而达到除磷脱氮效果。     

管道混凝/超滤工艺深度处理回用水的中试研究

采用管道混凝/超滤组合工艺深度处理回用水,考察了其处理效能及影响因素.结果表明,在相同条件下FeCl_3的混凝效果优于PAC的;组合工艺对COD_(Mn)和UV_(254)的去除率均随混凝剂FeCl_3的投量及混凝时间的增加而增大;组合工艺深度处理回用水的最佳工况:膜通量为64L/(m~2·h)、混凝剂FeCl3投量为7 mg/L、混凝时间为100 S,此时对浊度、COD_(Mn)和UV_(254)的去除率分别可达84.1%、28.6%和52.4%.     

响应面分析法优化有机污染原水的处理工艺

为应对长江水源水突发有机污染问题,在常规工艺的基础上,增加高锰酸盐预氧化工艺,并采用响应面分析法优化工艺参数。基于Box-Benhnken design(BBD)试验设计原理,进行了3因素3水平的响应面分析试验,分析得到了目标响应CODMn去除率与混凝剂投加量、KMnO_4投加量及氧化时间的二次回归模型,并根据Design Expert软件优化得到的最佳工艺参数如下:混凝剂投加量为32 mg/L,KMnO_4投加量为1.08 mg/L,氧化时间为29 min,在此条件下,对COD_(Mn)的去除率为48.89%。     

FeSO_4应用于SBBF强化除磷

序批式生物膜滤池(SBBF)是基于序批式生物膜法的改进污水处理新型工艺,针对SBBF处理城市污水的除磷的效果较差的弊端,通过直接投加FeSO_47H_2O到反应体系实现协同除磷,使得该工艺能够较好地应用于污水脱氮除磷。Fe(Ⅱ)的投加量从0.03~0.3mM进行协同除磷试验,结果表明0.2mM的Fe(Ⅱ)投加可为有效投加量。进一步将0.2mM的Fe(Ⅱ)在进水阶段后投加到反应体系,稳定运行1个月,发现出水的TP稳定保持在0.5mg/L以下,而COD和氮的去除基本不受影响。COD、NH_4~+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为84.9%、83.2%、46.3%和88.2%。反应器出水的各项指标均稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A排放标准。     

Nutrient removal and sludge production in the coagulation-flocculation process

Nutrient removal and sludge production in the coagulation-flocculation process, applied to a slaughterhouse effluent, have been studied. Fe2(SO4)3, Al2(SO4)3 and polyaluminium chloride were used as coagulants. Inorganic products were used as coagulant aids: activated silica, powdered activated carbon and precipitated calcium carbonate and synthetic polyelectrolytes: cationic polyacrylamide, polyacrilic acid, anionic polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol. Performances were measured under optimum conditions for the products used. They were found after studying the different variables which influence the process. Phosphorus removal is very high (approximately 100% for the orthophosphate and between 98.93% and 99.90% for the total phosphorus). Ammonia nitrogen removal is very low although appreciable performances are observed for albuminoid nitrogen (73.9-88.77%). The use of coagulant aids reduces the volume of the sludge produced up to 41.6%.     

旋流板塔煤浆法烟气脱硫研究

煤浆法烟气脱硫是以煤浆洗涤含二氧化硫的烟气,二氧化硫溶于浆液形成亚硫酸,煤中黄铁矿与亚硫酸、氧气发生反应,亚硫酸被氧化为硫酸,从而实现烟气脱硫.反应过程中,煤中的黄铁矿硫也被转化为硫酸而浸出,反应产生的Fe3+/ Fe2+又对脱硫反应起到了催化剂的作用.以旋流板塔为吸收设备,研究了煤浆法烟气脱硫过程中浆液温度、液气比、空塔气速及浆液固液比等操作参数对脱硫率的影响规律.试验表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,适当提高液气比、空塔气速及浆液固液比均有利于提高脱硫效果.随着烟气脱硫过程的进行,脱硫浆液中的总铁含量不断增加,说明煤中黄铁矿被不断浸出, 故此法在脱除烟气中的二氧化硫的同时也降低了煤中黄铁矿硫含量.     

聚硅酸聚合硫酸铁的研究

以硅酸钠、硫酸和聚合硫酸铁（简称ＰＦＳ）为原料制备聚合硅酸硫酸铁（简称ＰＳＰＦＳ）测定了ＰＳＰＦＳ红外光谱,研究了Ｆｅ／Ｓｉ摩尔比和水样ＰＨ值等因素对产品性能和除浊效果的影响,当Ｆｅ／Ｓｉ摩尔比为１．５时产品稳定性和除浊效果均较好。     

Removal of arsenic using hardened paste of Portland cement: batch adsorption and column study

Hardened paste of Portland cement (HPPC) has been used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of arsenic from water environment. Results from the batch experiments, conducted at an initial concentration of 0.2 ppm of arsenate, suggest arsenate removal up to 95%. Kinetic profiles were developed for various conditions. Effects of adsorbent dose, common ions such as Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Fe(3+), Fe(2+), Cl(-), SO(4)(2-), NO(3)(-), PO(4)(3-) and of pH were studied in detail. Adsorption isotherm studies revealed that the Freundlich isotherm was followed with a better correlation than the Langmuir isotherm. Arsenite could also be removed up to approximately 88% using the same material, HPPC. Finally, column studies were undertaken involving the new HPPC to check the suitability of the material for the removal of total arsenic content from water body. Kinetic experiments for the removal of arsenic by column studies revealed a film diffusion mechanism.     

高锰酸钾预氧化处理嘧啶生产废水研究

采用高锰酸钾预处理维生素B1厂的嘧啶生产废水,考察了其预氧化效果及影响因素.结果表明,高锰酸钾的最佳预氧化条件:进水pH值为1、高锰酸钾投量为20 g/L、氧化时间为3 h、出水pH调至中性.此时,在245 nm波长下对嘧啶环的去除率为93.2%,对COD的去除率为40.6%,对色度的去除率为100%,BOD_5/COD值由0.18增至0.44,大大提高了废水的可生化性.     

电化学除磷过程的条件优化与机理研究

为优化电化学除磷过程的条件并探究反应机理,通过模拟实际污水研究了初始pH值、初始磷浓度C₀及曝气强度j对电化学除磷过程的影响,同时对不同条件下电化学除磷过程进行了动力学分析。结果表明:随着初始pH值的增加,TP去除率先增加后减小;随着电解时间的增加,溶液pH值增大。当C₀为5 mg/L、电解时间为60 min、初始p H值为6～8时,TP去除率达到84. 5%以上;且当初始pH值为7时,TP去除率达到最高值,为87. 69%。C₀越高,TP去除率越低,但除磷的能耗也越低。当C₀为9 mg/L时,电解60 min后,TP去除率为72. 79%,去除单位质量磷的能耗仅为0. 059 kW·h/g,比C₀为5 mg/L时节约能耗0. 025 kW·h/g。当j为0. 14～0. 28 L/min时,电解60 min后,TP去除率达到86. 0%以上,比j为零时至少提高了43. 6%。动力学拟合结果表明,电化学除磷过程中存在着化学配位反应和吸附反应。当pH值为3～5时,除磷过程以化学配...     

微量元素对活性污泥脱氮除磷效果影响的对比试验研究

以实际城镇污水为研究对象,通过静态与连续流的对比试验,考察了几种微量元素及其投加方式对活性污泥脱氮除磷效果的影响.结果表明:Fe3+对活性污泥系统脱氮除磷有较好的促进作用,其有效的投加浓度范围为10～20 mg/L,Co2+和Ni2+对活性污泥脱氮除磷效果无明显改善;Fe3+、Co2+和Ni2+相互之间无明显促进和拮抗的作用;Fe3+采用连续投加的方式,系统污染物去除率及活性污泥比好氧呼吸速率等方面提高明显,系统脱氮除磷功能明显加强,Co2+和Ni2+的系统投加方式的改变对活性污泥脱氮除磷效果的影响不明显.     

In situ chemical fixation of arsenic-contaminated soils: an experimental study

This paper reports the results of an experimental study testing a low-cost in situ chemical fixation method designed to reclaim arsenic-contaminated subsurface soils. Subsurface soils from several industrial sites in southeastern U.S. were contaminated with arsenic through heavy application of herbicide containing arsenic trioxide. The mean concentrations of environmentally available arsenic in soils collected from the two study sites, FW and BH, are 325 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg, respectively. The soils are sandy loams with varying mineralogical and organic contents. The previous study [Yang L, Donahoe RJ. The form, distribution and mobility of arsenic in soils contaminated by arsenic trioxide, at sites in Southeast USA. Appl Geochem 2007;22:320-341] indicated that a large portion of the arsenic in both soils is associated with amorphous aluminum and iron oxyhydroxides and shows very slow release against leaching by synthetic precipitation. The soil's amorphous aluminum and iron oxyhydroxides content was found to have the most significant effect on its ability to retain arsenic. Based on this observation, contaminated soils were reacted with different treatment solutions in an effort to promote the formation of insoluble arsenic-bearing phases and thereby decrease the leachability of arsenic. Ferrous sulfate, potassium permanganate and calcium carbonate were used as the reagents for the chemical fixation solutions evaluated in three sets of batch experiments: (1) FeSO(4); (2) FeSO(4) and KMnO(4); (3) FeSO(4), KMnO(4) and CaCO(3). The optimum treatment solutions for each soil were identified based on the mobility of arsenic during sequential leaching of treated and untreated soils using the fluids described in EPA Method 1311 [USEPA. Method 1311: toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. Test methods for evaluating solid waste, physical/chemical methods. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992] toxic characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) and EPA Method 1312 [USEPA. Method 1312: synthetic precipitation leaching procedure. Test methods for evaluating solid waste, physical/chemical methods. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994] synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP). Both FW and BH soils showed significant decreases in arsenic leachability for all three treatment solutions, compared to untreated soil. While soils treated with solution (3) showed the best results with subsequent TCLP sequential leaching, SPLP sequential leaching of treated soils indicated that lowest arsenic mobility was obtained using treatment solution (1). Treatment solution (1) with only FeSO(4) is considered the best choice for remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil because SPLP sequential leaching better simulates natural weathering. Analysis of treated soils produced no evidence of newly-formed arsenic-bearing phases in either soil after treatment. Sequential chemical extractions of treated soils indicate that surface complexation of arsenic on ferric hydroxide is the major mechanism for the fixation process.