丙烯选择性催化还原NO的钯催化剂的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论（DFT）方法在B3LYP／lanl2dz水平上，选择金属钯（111）晶面上的单个Pd原子作为催化剂活化中心，对丙烯在金属钯上选择性催化还原N0的反应机理进行了理论研究，计算了反应物、过渡态、产物的几何构型和反应势垒，并通过振动分析和内禀反应坐标（IRC）对过渡态加以确认，完整地给出了反应沿极小能量途径的变化过程。结果表明，活化势垒太高，反应很难进行，所以单个钯原子不具有催化活性。     

富氧条件Co/H-ZSM-5催化剂上CH4选择催化还原NO的研究

采用离子交换法制备了一系列具有不同硅铝比和不同Co负载量的Co/H-ZSM-5催化剂样品。富氧条件下考察了硅铝比、Co负载量、空速、O₂浓度及酸位对催化剂选择催化还原活性的影响。并对其进行了XRD、BET、H₂-TPR和DRS-UV-vis等表征。催化结果表明，催化剂的催化活性随Co负载量的增加而增加，随硅铝比的增加而减少；NO转化率随着空速的增加而降低。O₂体积分数为2%时，NO达最大转化率。表征结果表明，Co²⁺为活性中心，酸中心的存在对催化活性有一定的促进作用。     

载体对铁基整体式催化剂上丙烯催化还原NO的影响

以Al₂O₃、SiO₂和TiO₂为载体,采用凝胶-溶胶法和浸渍法制备铁基堇青石整体式催化剂,并对其丙烯选择性催化还原NO性能进行了研究。通过N₂物理吸附/脱附、XRD、SEM、H₂-TPR、Py-FTIR和原位DRIFTS技术对催化剂进行了表征。不同载体对催化剂的表面酸性、氧化还原性能、比表面积和表面形貌有显著影响,从而导致丙烯还原NO的催化活性明显差异。C₃H₆-SCR的催化活性按Fe/Al₂O₃/CM > Fe/SiO₂/CM > Fe/TiO₂/CM依次降低。在450℃的有氧条件下,在Fe/Al₂O₃/CM上催化C₃H₆还原NO效率可达到100%,这主要是因为较好的氧化还原性能和丰富的Lewis酸性位。基于原位的DRIFTS研究表明,Lewis酸性位的增加有助于促进形成NO₂/NO₃^-物种,从而提高了催化性能。     

Mn-Cu-Ce-Fe/REY系列催化剂上NH3选择性催化还原NO性能

采用正交实验设计和浸渍法制备Mn-Cu-Fe-Ce/REY催化剂。采用固定床微型反应器评价SO₂存在下催化剂在NH₃选择性催化还原NO反应中的活性,考察Mn、Cu、Fe和Ce各活性组分对催化剂活性的影响,并采用XRD、H₂-TPR和SEM等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Mn、Cu、Fe和Ce各活性组分对催化剂活性影响顺序为：Cu＞Fe＞Ce＞Mn,催化剂的氧化还原性能影响催化剂活性。     

氮氧化物选择性催化还原催化剂研究进展

氮氧化物是形成酸雨和光化学烟雾的主要物种和引发物,消除氮氧化物污染是环境保护中的重点和难点。选择性催化还原作为一种有效脱除氮氧化物的方法,在近年来得到了广泛深入的研究。本文对有关催化体系的文献进行了总结。     

选择性催化还原脱硝催化剂研究进展

催化剂是选择性催化还原(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)脱硝技术的核心,催化剂的低温活性、选择性和稳定性直接影响到NOx的脱除效果.SCR脱硝催化剂性能主要取决于催化剂活性组分和催化剂载体.简述了以氨、尿素和碳氢化合物等不同物质作为SCR还原剂的化学反应原理;介绍了以贵金属(Pt,Pd,Rh,Au等)和金属氧化物(V2O5,WO3,FeaO3,CuO,CrOx,MnO2.MoO3和NiO等)为催化剂活性组分.以分子筛、柱撑黏土、碳基材料和TiO2等为催化剂载体的SCR脱硝催化剂的研究进展.以V2O3为主要活性组分,以TiO2为载体的钒钛类催化剂因其理想的综合性能,目前已商业化应用.纳米有序结构TiO2薄膜可望成为理想的SCR脱硝催化荆新型载体.     

选择性催化还原法降低NO_X排放的研究

选择性催化还原(SCR)技术是目前研究较多的治理氮氧化物的方法,它是当今国际上最为成熟、有效的烟气脱硝技术。本文介绍了选择性催化还原脱硝(SCR)法的原理、工艺流程。     

V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂上NH_3选择性催化还原NO反应动力学研究

采用浸渍法制备了V2O5/TiO2催化剂,研究了V2O5/TiO2催化剂上NH3选择性催化还原NO的反应动力学,运用Eley-Rideal机理模型确定了相关的动力学参数,推导出本征动力学方程,得到反应的活化能为41.9 kJ/mol。     

含N2O烟气的选择性非催化还原脱除NOX特性研究

研究了烟气中存在N2O的条件下,不同温度下的NOX脱除效率和固定温度下不同NSR、N2O:NO比例和烟气含氧量下的NOX脱除效率.研究表明,温度在1050℃以上时N2O脱除效率显著增加,原因是高温对N2O的分解作用,而同时NO、NOX脱除效率明显下降;N2O占比越高对NO还原的抑制越明显;低氧条件能显著提高NO和N2O...     

氨选择性催化还原脱硝催化剂的研究进展

综述了氨选择催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂的研究现状、进展及其存在的问题,对未来发展趋势做了展望,指出开发低成本、高效率、长寿命的SCR催化剂,降低脱硝运行成本是我国烟气脱硝技术研究、应用的主要方向。     

Fe-ZSM-5 for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3: A Comparative Study of Different Preparation Techniques

Fe-ZSM-5 are prepared by using four different techniques: conventional aqueous ion-exchange (CA), improved aqueous ion-exchange (IA), solid-state ion-exchange (SS) and chemical vapor ion-exchange (CV). All of the catalysts show very high activities for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia. However, the activities are different and follow the sequence of Fe-ZSM-5 (IA) > Fe-ZSM-5 (CA), Fe-ZSM-5 (SS) > Fe-ZSM-5 (CV). ESR results indicate that Fe³⁺ ions with tetrahedral coordination are the active sites for the SCR reaction.     

Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 on Sulfated Titanium-Pillared Clay

Structural, textural and surface properties of sulfated and non-sulfated titanium-pillared clay were correlated with catalytic tests in the reduction of NO by NH₃ in the presence of oxygen. Lower specific surface areas and basal spacings but stronger acid sites were observed on sulfated Ti-pillared clay than on Ti-pillared clay. Sulfated Ti-pillared clays were more active than Ti-pillared clay. Accordingly, it is suggested that the strong Brønsted acidity generated by sulfate is responsible for the high reactivity of sulfated Ti-pillared clay at high temperature.     

堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载CuO选择催化还原NO的研究

以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷(CC)为载体、CuO和不同助剂为活性组分，用浸渍法制备CuO/CC、CuO-NiO/CC和CuO-NiO-CeO₂/CC催化剂, 采用TPR、XRD和XPS等测试方法对催化剂进行表征。TPR结果表明，催化剂主要以Cu²⁺形式存在。采用程序升温和恒温法在固定床反应器常压条件下研究了以尿素作还原剂还原模拟汽车尾气中的NO。结果显示，CuO-NiO-CeO₂/CC催化剂在(150～350) ℃具有较高的活性，250 ℃时具有较高的转化率。     

金属基分子筛型NH3选择性催化还原氮氧化物催化剂的研究进展

氨气选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)消除氮氧化物(NOx)以其高效、低成本的优势成为目前最具潜力和最广泛应用的固定源脱硝技术.传统的NH3-SCR以V2O5/WOx-TiO2为催化剂,但该类催化剂水热稳定性差,易中毒且其本身就具有毒性,因此开发金属基分子筛催化剂是当前的研究热点之一.本文介绍了分子筛型NH3-SCR催化剂的研究进展,总结了不同金属负载分子筛对选择性催化还原的影响及其反应机理,探讨了催化剂失活的影响因素.     

Mn-Fe-Ce/TiO2低温NH3选择性催化还原NO

采用浸渍法制备了MnO2-Fe2O3-CeO2/TiO2催化剂用于低温NH3选择性催化还原烟气中NO,考察了Mn, Fe, Ce含量及焙烧温度对NH3选择性催化还原NO的活性和抗水性能的影响. 在气体体积空速(GHSV)=24000 h-1, NH3/NO=0.8(j), 350℃煅烧和烟气含3%(j) O2的条件下,该系列催化剂的脱硝活性为MnO2-Fe2O3-CeO2/TiO2>MnO2- Fe2O3/TiO2>MnO2/TiO2,且在200℃时MnO2(10)-Fe2O3(5)-CeO2(5)/TiO2的脱硝率为95%. 对含10%(j)水蒸汽的烟气,MnO2(10)-Fe2O3(5)-CeO2(5)/TiO2的脱硝活性维持在87%;在10%(j)水蒸汽和100′10-6 SO2共存条件下,短时间内脱硝活性维持在55%.     

用CuO/A12O3/堇青石催化剂选择性催化还原脱硝的实验和动力学研究

The CuO/γ-Al2O3/cordierite catalyst, after being sulfated by sulfur dioxide (SO2) at 673 K, exhibits high activities for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxide (NO) with ammonia (NH3) at 573-723 K. The intrinsic kinetics of SCR of NO with NH3 over CuO/γ-Al2O3/cordierite catalyst has been measured in a fixed-bed reactor in the absence of internal and external diffusions. The experimental results show that the reaction rate can be quantified by a first-order expression with activation energy of 94.01 kJ•mol1 and the corresponding pre-exponential factor of 3.39×108 cm3•g1•s1 when NH3 is excessive. However, when NH3 is not enough, an Eley-Rideal kinetic model based on experimental data is derived with Ea of 105.79 kJ•mol1, the corresponding A of 2.94×109 cm3•g1•s1, heat of adsorption ΔHads of 87.90 kJ•mol1 and the corresponding Aads of 9.24 cm3•mol1. The intrinsic kinetic model obtained was incorporated in a 3D mathematical model of monolithic reactor, and the agreement of the prediction with experimental data indicates that the present kinetic model is adequate for the reactor design and engineering scale-up.     

Kinetics of the Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 Over Activated Carbon Fiber Composite-Supported Iron Oxides

A kinetic analysis in a variety of conditions (gas composition and temperature) has been conducted on catalysts of iron oxides supported on activated carbon fiber composites (ACFC). Additionally, experiments of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of NO were conducted on the catalysts in order to reveal mechanistic features of the low-temperature SCR reaction. In the light of current SCR literature and previous work, a qualitative picture of the catalytic behavior of low-temperature SCR catalysts is offered. Apparently, the strength of adsorption of NO during the low-temperature SCR reaction is responsible for the governing reaction mechanism. Thus, highly stable nitrates formed on the surface provoke catalyst deactivation and reaction through an ER mechanism, with NO reacting from the gas phase, whereas the absence of these nitrates permits reaction of less stable nitrites from the catalyst surface, following an LH-type mechanism. This is the case for the ACFC-supported iron oxide catalyst analyzed in this work.     

燃煤烟气低温NH3-SCR脱硝工艺中试

国内对于低温脱硝催化剂的研究主要集中在实验室的小试规模,对无钒低温NH₃-SCR蜂窝催化剂在燃煤烟气条件下的脱硝活性和中毒机理研究较少,无法完全反映出催化剂在真实烟气条件下的运行状况。本文采用自行设计的低温NH₃-SCR装置在石河子市某热电厂进行了中试研究,得到了该催化剂在实际烟气条件下的最佳工艺条件,并深入分析了实际烟气中复杂成分对低温脱硝催化剂的影响机理。研究结果表明：SO₂浓度低于35mg/m³、空速约为4200h^-1、烟气温度约为100℃、氨氮比约为1.2时催化剂的脱硝效率最佳;高浓度的SO₂会促进硫酸盐类的形成和催化剂活性组分的硫酸化,是催化剂活性降低的主要原因。环境友好型低温脱硝催化剂表现出优异的低温脱硝性能和抗硫性能;脱硝工艺改造方便;具有广阔的工业应用前景。     

铜系催化剂选择性催化还原脱除NOx研究

以硅胶改性堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,分别制备了以Cu-O、Cu-Ce-O和Cu-Ce-Mn-O为活性组分的催化剂。以CO(NH₂)₂为还原剂,在固定床反应器中进行选择性催化还原NO的研究。采用XRD、SEM和BET等测试方法对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,在温度(300～500) ℃,催化剂Cu-Ce-Mn-O/SiO₂/堇青石的活性优于催化剂Cu-O/SiO₂/堇青石和Cu-Ce-O/SiO₂/堇青石,反应温度为450 ℃、空速为8 000 h^-1时,Cu-Ce-Mn-O/SiO₂/堇青石催化剂催化还原NO的转化率可达到88%。