含碳球团直接还原熔分机理

为了探究含碳球团还原熔分机理,将分析纯的Fe₂O₃、氧化物和不同还原剂固结成球并进行等温还原实验,研究了温度、还原时间、配碳量、还原剂种类等条件对球团还原熔分行为的影响.进一步采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等手段表征了含碳球团在不同还原时间的微观结构及物相变化.实验结果表明:焙烧温度过低或过高含碳球团都不能良好熔分,配碳量增加可以提高球团还原和熔分速率,适宜的温度、碳氧摩尔比、还原剂分别是1400℃、1.2和煤粉.含碳球团还原熔分包括直接还原反应、间接还原反应、碳的气化反应、渗碳反应和铁的熔化反应,最后实现渣铁分离.      

铁精矿含碳球团高温还原熔分试验研究

试验以澳洲铁精矿为原料,对该矿进行XRD、SEM分析。采用含碳球团高温还原渣铁分离方法,考察配碳量和碱度两个因素对金属回收率的影响,结果表明:在含碳球团高温还原熔分试验中,还原温度和时间不构成限制环节条件下,金属回收率与最终熔分的渣熔点有很大关系,过量和不足均不利于金属回收。最终试验得出,在C/O=1.0,碱度为0.5条件下最有利于含碳球团的高温还原熔分,金属回收率达到97.36%。     

铬矿还原速度的研究

用热失重法及通过渣-金界面反应研究了含碳铬矿球团及熔渣中铬氧化物的还原速度。含碳铬矿球团还原速度的限制环节为CO在铬矿表面上的析碳反应和碳通过产物层向内部的扩散,通过动力学分析及实验结果得出还原速度与温度和球团矿粉粒度的关系式。在1200～1300℃,求得碳的扩散系数为10~(-12)～10~(-11)cm~2/s,析碳反应速度常数为10~(-7)～10~(-6)cm/s。球团中添加CaCl_2或CaF_2能提高球团的还原速度。铬氧化物在MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-CaO渣中与碳饱和铁液中溶解碳反应,其还原速度与渣中CrO活度的一次方成正比。还原速度的限制环节为CrO由渣中向渣-金界面的传递,在1600～1670℃,得传递系数数为10~(-5)～10~(-4)mol/min·cm~2。还原速度随熔渣的CaO/SiO_2比值提高及渣中GaF_2含量的增加而加快。     

含碳球团的还原熔分行为

通过高温电阻炉对含碳球团还原熔分的行为进行热态模拟研究,考察温度、配碳比、化学成分等因素对球团还原熔分的影响程度.结果表明,温度、配碳比和球团传热方向上的尺寸是控制球团还原熔分的关键;化学成分对还原速率影响不明显,但是通过改变渣的组成可对渣铁熔分起促进或抑制作用.     

转炉四元熔渣中锰矿含碳球团焰化行为模拟研究

采用实验模拟与数值模拟相结合的方法,对锰矿含碳球团在转炉4元熔渣（51CaO-16SiO₂-10MgO-23FeO）中的熔化行为进行研究。结果表明,锰矿含碳球团在熔渣中还原时生成了固态产物层,减少固态产物层的厚度和存在时间,能加快球团在熔渣中的还原速度;基于一维非稳态导热微分方程建立了含碳球团熔化过程的数值模型,模型计算与实验结果能较好吻合;采取不同条件进行模拟计算发现,当熔渣温度为1 600℃时,假设固态产物层不存在,球团还原时间可缩短35%左右;对锰矿含碳球团进行预热、适当缩小球团直径及降低还原产物熔点均能减少固态产物层存在时间,从而提高球团还原速度。     

赤泥含碳球团还原动力学

在900~1 200℃范围内,通过还原失重试验研究了赤泥含碳球团的还原特性。结果表明,还原得到的金属化球团中铁元素总含量在60.7%以上,金属化率在83.48%以上。赤泥含碳球团的金属化率和还原速率均随温度的升高而增大,赤泥含碳球团的还原速率由碳的气化反应和界面化学反应混合控制,表观活化能为110.16~111.42kJ/mol。     

赤泥预还原球团的熔分

为了实现赤泥资源高附加值化综合利用,通过高温模拟试验对赤泥含碳球团还原焙烧-熔分过程进行研究。将赤泥含碳球团在1 200℃下进行还原焙烧,并结合相图分析,向粉碎后的焙烧球团中添加一定比例的CaO、Al_2O_3进行调质和熔分。结果表明,赤泥含碳球团在1 200℃下还原12min后金属化率可达91.3%,还原效果良好;在1 450℃下进行还原熔分,可实现渣铁的有效分离,金属铁收得率可达到90%以上,所得铁水质量符合炼钢要求;熔分渣中w(TFe)可降至0.5%以下,渣中主要物相为12CaO·7Al_2O_3、CaTiO_3和2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2,通过熔点性能测试试验,熔化性能符合钢液脱硫条件。     

转炉四元熔渣中锰矿含碳球团熔化行为模拟研究

采用实验模拟与数值模拟相结合的方法,对锰矿含碳球团在转炉4元熔渣(51CaO-16SiO_2-10MgO-23FeO)中的熔化行为进行研究。结果表明,锰矿含碳球团在熔渣中还原时生成了固态产物层,减少固态产物层的厚度和存在时间,能加快球团在熔渣中的还原速度;基于一维非稳态导热微分方程建立了含碳球团熔化过程的数值模型,模型计算与实验结果能较好吻合;采取不同条件进行模拟计算发现,当熔渣温度为1 600℃时,假设固态产物层不存在,球团还原时间可缩短35%左右;对锰矿含碳球团进行预热、适当缩小球团直径及降低还原产物熔点均能减少固态产物层存在时间,从而提高球团还原速度。     

钒钛磁铁矿含碳球团高温还原研究

本文通过实验,研究了钒钛磁铁矿含碳球团在高温还原过程中的还原速度及熔体膨胀高度。讨论了钒钛磁铁矿含碳球团碳含量及球团碱度对还原速度及熔体膨胀高度的影响。     

冶金尘泥含碳球团直接还原机制的试验研究

以气固反应相继发生动力学模型为基础开展冶金尘泥含碳球团直接还原试验,考察还原速率、还原率以及还原气氛等表征还原特性的特征参数在整个还原过程的变化,研究冶金尘泥含碳球团的还原行为及过程的作用机制。结果表明:冶金尘泥含碳球团的还原过程由孕育启动期、快速反应期和反应结束期组成,反应进程快,3～5 min就能达到碳气化和铁氧化物还原剧烈进行的温度。在1 270℃以下,升高温度对含碳球团还原有明显加速作用,但进一步提高温度,球团n(C)/n(O)((C、O摩尔比))及球团中碳的消耗对还原过程的影响更为显著,表现在最大还原速率维持时间延长,还原率大幅提高。碳气化反应是含碳球团还原过程最重要的环节,其反应生成的CO决定了铁氧化物还原反应物的供给速度。反应过程处于明显的还原性气氛中,气氛中CO_2来自于部分CO的进一步氧化,其含量多少取决于气氛中CO的数量和反应的进程。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.