波兰卡托维兹城市群的环境管理与城市发展

The Katowice experience focuses on the issue of brownfield remediation and how a local authority addressed issues related to the rehabilitation and re-use of industrial sites, and solid waste and sewage management in revitalizing the urban environment. The Katowice agglomeration is considered an exceptional area in Poland owing to its environmental and spatial conditions. The agglomeration is the most urbanized, industrialized and densely populated region in the country. The article introduces the experience of environmental management and city development in the Katowice agglomeration.     

GIS Applications for Building 3D Campus,Utilities and Implementation Mapping Aspects for University Planning Purposes

In city planning managing, the third dimension is becoming a necessity. Using 3D GIS modeling offers a flexible interactive system while providing one of the best visual interpretation of data which supports planning and decision processes for city planners. As a result, 3D GIS model expresses terrain features in an intuitive way which enhances the management and analysis of a proposed project through 3D visualization. This paper discusses the concept of 3D GIS modeling techniques using a simple procedure to generate a university campus model （real 3D GIS model） which will show the effectiveness of this approach. The 3D GIS model provides access to mapping data to support planning, design and data management. Intelligent GIS models and GIS tools help community planning and apply regional and discipline-specific standards. Integration of GIS spatial data with campus organization helps to improve quality, productivity and asset management. The following study built 3D GIS map and all utility information for AI al-Bayt University campus as an example. The primary objective is to improve data management （e.g., maps, plans, usage of facilities and services） and to develop methods using 3D spatial analysis for specific applications at the university.     

Risk assessment and management in underground rock engineering——an overview

This paper attempts to provide an overview of risk assessment and management practice in underground rock engineering based on a review of the international literature and some personal experience. It is noted that the terminologies used in risk assessment and management studies may vary from country to country. Probabilistic risk analysis is probably the most widely-used approach to risk assessment in rock engineering and in geotechnical engineering more broadly. It is concluded that great potential exists to augment the existing probabilistic methods by the use of Bayesian networks and decision analysis techniques to allow reasoning under uncertainty and to update probabilities, material properties and analyses as further data become available throughout the various stages of a project. Examples are given of the use of these methods in underground excavation engineering in China and elsewhere, and opportunities for their further application are identified.     

泰国城市社区发展基金

In Thailand, the project of harnessing community resources for urban poverty reduction focuses on how the Urban Development Fund was created as a tool for poverty eradication, empowering both the urban and rural poor. The project covers 53 provinces out of 75 throughout the country, and has resulted in about 950 community saving groups out of a total of 2,000 urban communities, as well as more than 100 community networks. The article introduces the experience of Urban Community Development of Thailand.     

Design and Management of Building＇s Resources

The developed modem control systems and buildings management resource systems would be effective if they are based on previously established optimal conditions during the building design. This is one of the key issues for a responsible architecture. The focus of this paper is on sustainable design methods and techniques for saving resources and their management throughout the building lifecycle. The main subject of the present article is the characteristics of these methods and their fundamental role in sustainable resource management during the building operation. The results which are based on conducted case studies of European and international practice in the construction of sustainable buildings are implemented here. Key features of a comprehensive approach for design and construction are outlined via comparative analysis, as well as various systems for the evaluation of sustainability for already constructed buildings. The mostly used criteria and indicators for sustainability are systematized, including those related to resource consumption. By analyzing a specific example, the role of sustainable design methods is justified as an important prerequisite for effective management of building resources in the process building maintenance. According to the conducted studies, during the longest life cycle period of a building, by implementation of control systems and resource management of building, the costs are successfully optimized. Specific directions that prove the effectiveness of such systems are systematized in the paper. Innovative approaches, complex methods and measures for design and management of buildings resources are presented as results of this study.     

Brand Value: Excavating and Management of Tourism in the Rural and Village Region

In the last few years the tourism in the rural and village region develops rapidly in our country, each major and medium city suburb village traveling rate of rise is in particular quicker. The China’s tourism in the rural and village region started late, it is facing a more complex environment. Because the good brand means product quality and prestige, the modern commercial society has already been a society which a commodity brand ubiquitously. As a service product which can take to people the multi-positions enjoy, people will tend to choose those famous bands. At present, certain brands in tourism in the rural and village region has formed without unification thought. As a result of kinds of factor influence, those bands are scattered in disorder and disorder, which affected the further development of the tourism in the rural and village region 。This text is about the brand excavating and management in tourism in the rural and village region。     

A Pluralistic and Participatory Community Governance Model for Urban China in the Era of Economic and Spatial Restructuring

As China’s socio-economic development is entering into a transitioning era, urban residents’ demands are becoming more diversified,complicated, and fragmented. Ought to address issues regarding community environmental renovation, infrastructure and facilities constructions,and efficient public service supplies, measures should be adopted to adjust the urban community governance model in China to face emergent challenges. Against this background, this paper argues that the "participating actors,""community management and organization framework,""related laws, regulations, and policies," and "resources allocation and management" are the four crucial dimensions in urban community governance. We then adopted these four underpinnings as the theoretical framework to unravel the complex dynamics of community governance in contemporary urban China. This paper argues that the current community governance system falls short in accommodating the growing demands of community development due to "ambiguity of participating actors,""excessive administrative intervention on community management,""insufficient legislation supports," and a "deficiency in financing management system." Therefore, this paper argues that through the pluralization of public participation,diversification of community organization modes, and the enhancement of participation accessibility, community governance performance in urban China could be drastically improved. Therefore, a pluralistic and participatory community governance model is proposed in this paper to provide additional policy implications for community governance in urban China.     

The Present Situation of Community Services in Urban Shanghai

Community service,which is called community work abroad,is a new concept.At present,there is no agreed def-inition on community services.However.according to the experience in China's cities,community services refer to va-rious types of social welfare and services rendered by community organizations to citizens to improve their materialand spiritual welfare.and to assist the community members in solving special problems in life.These facilities wouldimprove their quality of life and promote community development.In order to study the present situation and development objective of community services in Shanghai,the Muni-cipal Civil Affairs Bureau of Shanghai commissioned the Research Institute of Social Science and Proiect of JiaoTong University to carry out a large scale sample survey of community services in Shanghai.A general survey wasfirst carried out for 143 neighborhoods and townships of the city and subsequently questionnaire survey was carriedout for 100 neighborhood committees and 2,500 residents by random sampling.The following are the finding of theabove surveys.     

Concept and Method of Asset-Based Community Development Planning: A Case Study on Minlecun Community in Chongqing’s Yuzhong District

With the transformation of the Chinese economy from an extensive growth to intensive development, city development is also gradually turning from incremental construction to stock management. Community, as a basic unit of human settlements, is an important platform to build and improve the social governance capability. In 2013, Shiyoulu Jiedao Offi ce of Yuzhong District led the 1st urban community development planning, which was a milestone of Chongqing’s city regeneration and governance innovation. This paper focuses on two key issues: how to understand the community values and make the community development planning based on the above, and how to integrate with the local forces so that the community development planning can be integrated into the action plan. Combined with the practice of Minlecun Community Development Planning, using the concept of asset-based community development, a comprehensive survey is conducted on community assets(including three aspects of physical, human, and social capital), and a community comprehensive planning strategy is formulated which covers two parts: the optimization of community spaces and the upgrading of community governance. The paper explores the local-based community planning theories and methods from such aspects as value attitude, public participation, role transformation of urban planners, and others.     

A Brief Introduction to the Information System for the City Planning and Construction Management of Suzhou

This article—“The Research and Development of the Information System for City Planning and ConstructionManagement of Suzhou City”was written to expand the scope of research and to strengthen management and controlso as to provide a basis for policy-making,to bring both in-denth analysis and to combine qualitative and quantita-tive determination.The article introduces the basic structure and functions of the information system,including theinformation flow,division of sub-systems,hardware-model selection,the content of data base and their classifica-tion and coding,etc.The article also introduces the functions of treatment of graphic information,word numericalvalue information and its uniqueness in combining graphical and non-graphical information.This information sys-tem is comparatively low cost simple in operation,and there is a basic guarantee of source of information.A pre-limirary use of the system has proved its practivability,which forms the basic condition for the extended applicationof the system.     

Meuse/Haute-Marne centre: next steps towards a deep disposal facility

This paper presents the main results obtained during a decade of scientific activities in the Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Research Laboratory(URL)located on the eastern boundary of the Paris Basin,in the Callovo-Oxfordian clay rock formation.The URL was built in the framework of ANDRA’s research program into the feasibility of a reversible deep geological disposal of high-level and intermediate-level long-lived radioactive(HL,ILLL)waste.Its underground drifts have been used to study a 160-million-year old clay layer.The 2006 Planning Act adopted this disposal concept as the reference solution for the long-term management of HL and ILLL radioactive waste.Today,research is continuing into the design and sitting of the disposal facility which could be commissioned by 2025 if its license is granted in 2016.Through these programs, the laboratory will help ANDRA develop a concrete approach with a view to proposing suitable architectures and management methods for a deep disposal facility,to allow by 2016 the decision for the start of the construction of the shafts and drifts of the new disposal facility.     

Bayesian data analysis to quantify the uncertainty of intact rock strength

One of the main difficulties in the geotechnical design process lies in dealing with uncertainty. Uncertainty is associated with natural variation of properties, and the imprecision and unpredictability caused by insufficient information on parameters or models. Probabilistic methods are normally used to quantify uncertainty. However, the frequentist approach commonly used for this purpose has some drawbacks.First, it lacks a formal framework for incorporating knowledge not represented by data. Second, it has limitations in providing a proper measure of the confidence of parameters inferred from data. The Bayesian approach offers a better framework for treating uncertainty in geotechnical design. The advantages of the Bayesian approach for uncertainty quantification are highlighted in this paper with the Bayesian regression analysis of laboratory test data to infer the intact rock strength parameters σ_(ci) and m_i used in the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. Two case examples are used to illustrate different aspects of the Bayesian methodology and to contrast the approach with a frequentist approach represented by the nonlinear least squares(NLLS) method. The paper discusses the use of a Student's t-distribution versus a normal distribution to handle outliers, the consideration of absolute versus relative residuals, and the comparison of quality of fitting results based on standard errors and Bayes factors. Uncertainty quantification with confidence and prediction intervals of the frequentist approach is compared with that based on scatter plots and bands of fitted envelopes of the Bayesian approach. Finally, the Bayesian method is extended to consider two improvements of the fitting analysis. The first is the case in which the Hoek-Brown parameter, a, is treated as a variable to improve the fitting in the triaxial region. The second is the incorporation of the uncertainty in the estimation of the direct tensile strength from Brazilian test results within the overall evaluation of the intact rock strength.     

澳大利亚珀斯的新生活项目

It is now recognized that many mistakes were made in the planning and design of high density public housing estates in the city of Perth, capital of Western Australia. The New Living Program is the first urban renewal program of its kind to take place in Western Australia. Established by the state government‘s housing ministry, it involves a neighbourhood-wide approach to urban renewal and redevelopment. A combination of dwelling improvement, demolition, new building and sales to existing tenants has encouraged a mix of tenures and has helped to provide accommodation that is more appropriate to current needs and expectations. It also addresses many key community concerns through improving local amenities and helping build a sense of community identity and pride.     

水资源、供水与卫生：摩洛哥的经验

In Morocco, water supply and sanitation are the concern of communes. Production is generally ensured by the National Office of Potable Water (ONEP). Communes play an active and direct role in the management and setup of distribution utilities or entrust ONEP with the management of the centres. Concerning sanitation, there is an increased awareness at the national level as a result of the growth of agglomerations and the increasing impact of urban waste which has begun to endanger the natural environment and, more particularly, the water resources.The thesis introduces water resources, drinking water and sanitation in Morocco.     

Tourism as an Industry in Heritage Site-A Case Study on World Heritage Site of Fujian Tulou

Cultural heritage is seen as a cultural capital. The heritage tourism increases the local employment and income, however, brings some problems at the same time, changing the traditional living way and industrial structure. The sustainability of economic development by tourism is also questioned. Fujian Tulou is a world heritage site in China, inscribed in 2008. The nomination has brought great changes to the sites, especially the flourishing tourism industries by the local communities as well as the tourism companies. The latter also take part in the management of the heritage site and get most of the income. The data in economic areas is analyzed in this study and explains the cultural tourism as a positive drive for the local economy, which contributes little to the life of locals. With the analysis of the changes and benefits from the tourism, we have found that tourism, as a dominant industry, might be a potential negative element for heritage conservation. According to the different situations of sites in Fujian Tulou, a proper planning of management is in need to integrate the tourism, conservation and development.     

“当前现有的全球化”所造成的危害

The ‘really existing globalization‘, which is used to refer to the type of globalization we see today, is viewed by the author to pose great dangers to life in cities by increasing poverty and gap between the rich and the poor,handicapping developing cities through specialization of functions, advocating marketization of housing and privatization of public services which are harmful to the urban poor, prioritizing profit instead of quality in environmental management and magnifying the danger of terrorism to cities. However, this is not the only form of globalization possible.     

A Discussion on the Phenomenon of Non-Dependency of Community Facilities and Its Planning Countermeasures

The dependency of community facilities is a concept in contrast to concentration and socialization.It is not only a primary principle for the operation of community facilities,but also an important manifestation of the humanistic and social values of a community.In this paper,the authors outline the phenomenon of non-dependency of community facilities in China,analyze its possible causes,and then put forward the primary principles for the construction of dependent community facilities,as well as the supply modes and planning countermeasures.     

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Best Management Practices in Gilgel Gibe Basin WatershedmEthiopia

Soil erosion/sedimentation is an immense problem threatening the live storage capacity of dam reservoirs in Ethiopia. This in turn reduces the power generation capacities of hydropower reservoirs. Therefore, studies which give insight into soil erosion/sedimentation mechanisms and mitigation methods is important. The high rate of soil erosion/sedimentation threats the lifespan of Gilgel Gibe-I hydropower reservoir, The problem of sedimentation in Gilgel Gibe-I will also affect Gilgel Gibe-2 which uses the water released from Gilgel Gibe-1. The sustainability of these hydropower plants needs catchment management practices that will reduce soil erosion. This paper presents the results of monthly and yearly sediment yield simulations experiments conducted for Gilgel Gibe-1 under different BMP （best management practice） scenarios. The scenarios applied in this paper are： （1） maintaining existing conditions; （2） introducing filter strips; （3） applying stone/soil bunds; （4） reforestation. The SWAT （soil and water assessment tool） was used to model soil erosion, identify soil erosion prone areas and assess the impact of BMPs on sediment reduction via simulations. The simulation results showed that applying filter strips, stone bunds and reforestation scenarios could reduce the current sediment yields at soil erosion prone areas and at the outlet of the catchment area which is the inlet to Gilgel Gibe-I reservoir.     

Feilden Clegg Bradley 建筑师事务所,英国

Design Concept The development aims to utilise the strength of a monocoque structural approach to generate both economic manufacturing and constructional solutions whilst also generating greater three dimensional spatial opportunities. Courtyard units which maximise use of internal and external spaces are an effective solution to high density urban living. The design of the dwellings maximises daylight and natural ventilation.This helps to lower electricity loads, and reduces the need for heating and cooling,which is further enhanced through good insulation, efficiency of the building form and thermal mass.