功率超声对T10钢凝固特性的影响

采用功率超声对T10钢的凝固过程进行处理，分析了功率超声对T10钢凝固组织和凝固冷却曲线的影响，并在此基础上探索了超声空化和声流效应对T10钢凝固过程的作用机理。结果表明，功率超声能够细化T10钢凝固组织、缩短凝固时间、降低凝固开始温度，超声波功率为700W时得到均匀细小的等轴晶。     

Pb-Sn合金在功率超声场中的凝固过程研究

研究了功率超声在铅锡合金凝固过程的作用,分析了超声功率、施振温度、熔体的冷却方式等参数的影响机制。结果表明,在功率超声作用下,声空化效应和声流效应使含铅5%的铅锡合金的凝固组织明显细化,随着超声功率的增加,合金组织的细化程度提高,但功率提高到一定程度时,细化作用减弱;施振温度、熔体的冷却方式等参数对超声在铅锡合金凝固过程的作用有较大的影响。     

功率超声对Pb-Sn合金凝固行为的影响

研究了功率超声对铅锡合金凝固过程的影响,分析了其影响机制.结果表明,在功率超声作用下,声空化效应和声流效应使含铅5%的铅锡合金的凝固组织明显细化,并且经过功率600W的超声处理后,先析出相的析出温度升高3℃,凝固温度升高了5℃.随着超声功率的增加,合金组织的细化程度提高,但功率提高到一定程度时,细化作用减弱.     

功率超声对铝熔体作用机理研究

研究了在一定超声参数条件下,功率超声对高温铝熔体凝固过程的影响.通过与常规铝锭粗大的柱状晶对比,在高温铝熔体中加入功率超声,能使铝锭晶粒细化,组织分布均匀,铝锭微观晶粒组织表现为细小的等轴晶.着重论述了空化效应及其产生的高温高压理论,从而讨论了局部高温高压在铝熔体凝固过程中引发的各种效应和动力学问题,并从空化效应、声流效应和力学效应等方面,探讨了功率超声对高温铝熔体凝固过程中的作用机理.通过对铝锭组织结果分析总结出,功率超声对高温铝熔体凝固过程是多种效应综合作用的结果,这为功率超声有效应用于铸造提供一定的理论基础.     

超声波处理对高碳钢凝固组织的影响

主要研究超声处理对高碳钢凝固组织的作用,分析了超声波功率水平、实验温度对凝固组织的影响。结果表明,超声处理可以明显细化高碳钢的凝固组织;随着超声功率的增加,组织细化程度提高,功率提高到一定程度,细化作用不再明显增强;超声处理效果与实验温度密切相关,温度较低时,树枝晶组织发达,温度为1570℃时,几乎完全转变为等轴晶组织。对高碳钢凝固过程进行超声处理时,起主要作用的是声空化、声流以及超声空化产生的局部高温。     

超声处理对Mg-5Zn-2Er合金组织及力学性能的影响(英文)

研究超声处理对Mg-5Zn-2Er镁合金显微组织及室温、高温力学性能的影响规律。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和MTS材料试验机等研究不同样品的显微组织及其室温、高温力学性能。结果表明:超声处理后镁合金的组织和力学性能均得到了改善;获得最优镁合金材料组织和性能时超声处理的工艺为:超声处理功率600W,超声处理时间100s。超声处理在熔体中引起的空化和声流效应对细化镁合金的组织并提高其力学性能起到了主要作用。     

功率超声影响金属及其复合材料凝固的研究进展

介绍了功率超声的基本特性及其在凝固过程中的工作原理,综述了功率超声在金属及其复合材料凝固过程以及凝固组织的作用和影响等方面的研究现状.提出了功率超声能有效影响合金及其复合材料的凝固过程,是改善材料凝固组织,提高力学性能的有效方法,并对功率超声在金属及其复合材料上的应用进行了展望.     

功率超声波辅助铸造仿真模拟研究进展

物理、材料和电子等领域科学技术的飞速发展使得声场、磁场和电场等外场调控技术逐渐成熟。其中，超声场能在高温金属熔体中诱导独特的非线性声学效应(主要包括声流作用与空化效应),进而对金属凝固过程产生调控作用。在金属凝固前或凝固过程中施加功率超声波，均可在一定程度上改善凝固路径、细化晶粒组织、降低偏析、减少凝固缺陷等。功率超声辅助铸造技术亦逐渐成为工程领域基础研究与工业化应用的热点之一。围绕超声波辅助铸造中换能系统、流场、温度场、声流作用、空化效应及晶粒细化等建模仿真内容进行综述和比较分析，并对大规格金属材料多源超声铸造仿真进行了展望。     

功率超声对纯铝凝固组织的影响

对1.5kg的纯铝熔体进行了功率超声辅助凝固试验,研究了功率超声对不同纯度纯铝凝固组织的影响,并比较了机械搅拌与功率超声的细化效果。结果表明,功率超声可以有效细化99.7%工业纯铝以及99.992%高纯铝的凝固组织。功率超声与机械搅拌相比,所获得的凝固组织更均匀且不易产生铸造缺陷。本研究还基于结晶游离理论讨论了功率超声的细化机理。功率超声的空化作用促进了超声耦合头附近液面的异质形核,声流作用则促进了晶粒的游离和沉淀。此二者的综合效应是等轴晶区形成的主要原因。     

连铸过程中超声细晶技术研究

研究了Al-1％Si合金水平连铸过程中施加功率超声对铸坯凝固组织的影响，并对其机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明，随着超声波功率的提高，铸坯凝固组织得到了细化，同时Si元素晶界偏析得到了抑制。理论分析认为当功率超声频率为22．3kHz时，能够发生空化效应的最大空化泡半径为1．02×10^-4m，且随着超声功率的增加，空化泡数量增多。空化泡崩溃时产生局部高温高压，从而导致晶粒细化，改善了Si元素的分布情况。     

超声细化处理AZ80镁合金过程中的声场数值模拟

采用不同强度超声对AZ80镁合金熔体进行处理以改善合金的凝固组织。当施加的超声强度为30.48W/cm2时,合金的平均晶粒尺寸由未经超声处理时的303μm降低为148μm。为了进一步了解超声改善镁合金微观组织的机理,采用数值模拟的方法研究超声声压对空化泡行为的影响,并且对熔体中的超声场分布情况进行分析。结果表明,熔体内不同位置所受的声压是不同的,因此不同位置上的铸锭试样的晶粒细化程度也不同。随着超声强度的增加,声压值增加,而合金的晶粒尺寸则随之降低。     

Effects of ultrasonic irradiation and cooling rate on the solidification microstructure of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu alloy

A comparative study on the microstructures of Sn–Ag–Cu alloy ingots grown by ultrasound-assisted solidification was carried out with a specific focus on the limits on the ultrasonic processing depth and time imposed by the cooling rate during the melt solidification. During air-cooling, increasing the ultrasonic power reduced the undercooling temperature and increased the solidification time, leading to β-Sn phase fragmentation from a dendritic shape into a circular equiaxed shape. The grain size was decreased from approximately 300 μm to 20 μm. When the cooling rate was increased from 4 °C/s in air to 20 °C/s in water, the macro-undercooling temperature was more greatly reduced by an increase in ultrasonic power, but the solidification time seemed to change only slightly because only a limited period for ultrasonic processing was permitted in the melt. Under both cooling rates, the microstructures were inhomogeneous along the processing depth. The functional depth and period for ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic steaming contributed to the differences in the solidification microstructures.     

Ultrasound-Assisted Solidification of a Cu-Cr Alloy

Ultrasonic cavitation radiates huge power in a small solidifying bulk, leading to significant grain refinement, purification and homogenization of the final alloys. Ultrasound vibration has mostly been used for treating the solidification of light metals, but it is difficult to directly introduce ultrasonic vibration into copper alloy due to the lack of proper sonotrode. In this work, we have used a Sialon ceramic sonotrode to propagate acoustic waves in a Cu-Cr alloy melt. Significant grain refinement and modification of primary Cr have been obtained. With the ultrasound vibration treatment, the mechanical properties of the as-cast Cu-Cr alloy have been improved. The wear resistance of the Cu-Cr alloy has also shown enhancement with respect to the untreated alloy.     

A New Approach to Ultrasonic Degassing to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys

Ultrasonic degassing of liquid metals has been studied over the last years, but it has been limited to laboratorial scale experiments of low volumes of melt. In this work, the combined effect of acoustic cavitation with metal agitation induced by the mechanical vibration of the ultrasonic radiator itself was studied, using a specially designed low frequency mechanical vibrator coupled to the ultrasonic degassing unit. Liquid motion in water was characterized by high speed digital Photron—FastCam APX RS video camera and Laser Doppler Anemometry to select the most favorable US and mechanical vibrator frequencies to induce suitable water stirring. Selected parameters were used to degas 10 L of AlSi9Cu3(Fe) alloy. A suitable piezoelectric sensor was used to measure sound pressure at different distances from the sonotrode to identify the zone of higher acoustic activity. Results have shown that melt stirring significantly improves US degassing efficiency (since it is possible to achieve almost the aluminum alloy theoretical density after 3 min processing time) which contributed to increase the tensile properties of the alloy.     

侧部导入超声处理对共晶Al-Si合金凝固特性的影响

研究了功率超声处理对ZL102铝硅合金凝固特性的影响。研究发现:在凝固过程中进行超声处理能显著细化共晶硅相,改善其形貌及分布;通过对比未处理、300 W超声波及500 W超声波处理条件下铝硅合金不同部位的力学性能及断口形貌,发现功率超声处理明显提高铝硅合金的力学性能,且随着处理功率的增大,合金的力学性能随之提高。并分析了超声波在铝硅合金中传播时衰减的原因,通过数学方法得到衰减方程,并探讨了其衰减规律。     

基于空化效应的功率超声珩磨再生型颤振研究

功率超声珩磨加工过程中的颤振影响因素很多,不仅包含物理磨削过程和机械振动环节,还包含了高频振动和超声波传动系统,是一个非常复杂的复合振动系统。通过建立珩磨颤振动力学模型,重点研究珩磨中空化泡溃灭产生辐射声压对再生型颤振的影响,结果表明:决定功率超声珩磨再生型颤振的主要原因为磨削厚度;空化泡溃灭产生的辐射声压会加剧系统颤振的频率,但对系统颤振的时域图变化趋势和振幅的大小基本没有影响。     

Effect of temperature conditions on grain refinement of Mg–Al alloy under ultrasonic field

The effects of temperature conditions on the grain refinement of a Mg–Al alloy by ultrasonic treatment were investigated. It was found the grain refinement strongly depended on the temperature. When the ultrasonic treatment was performed above the liquidus temperature, the better grain refinement was achieved in the ingot treated at 700 °C rather than at lower temperature. While for the cases of the ultrasonic treatment being ended below the liquidus temperature, the better refinement can be achieved at lower ending temperature. The undendritic structrue of UST ingots is obviously different with the dendritic structure of UMT ingots. The ultrasonic cavitation improves the nucleation temperature, resulting in greater undercooling to benefit the nucleation. The acoustic streaming accelerates the release of latent heat of solidification and shorten the time for grain growth. Both of the two factors contribute to achieve the grain refinement.