玻璃导电薄膜研制

用ＣＬＤ法搀杂Ｓｂ研制出玻璃导电薄膜，通过用Ｘ光衍射和ＸＱＳ分析该薄膜，从而说明其导电机理。     

导电聚合物的合成和应用前景

本文对导电聚合物的性能，一般的合成方法如链聚合法和分步骤合法，特殊的合成方法如电化学合成和光化学聚合作了较详细的评述。介绍了氧化或还原试剂掺合进这些聚合物中，被称为掺杂剂的类型和掺杂方法。最后介绍了这些新材料的某些应用领域以及存在的问题。     

高密度聚乙烯导电塑料的性能研究

研究了导电炭黑的品种、含量和炭黑并用对高密度聚乙烯性能的影响。以脉动态硫化对改善ＨＤＰＥ／导电炭黑复合材料物性的影响。结果表明，炭黑并用能有效降低生产成本，而且保持了材料的性能，ＨＧ－４型电导炭黑填充ＨＤＰＥ具有很好的导电性，动态硫化法可以克服复合材料物性差的弱点，并能保持改性材料的高导电性；在ＨＧ－４型炭黑含量为７份时，材料的拉伸强度为１３ＭＰａ，断裂伸长率为３５０％，体积电阻率为２．１Ω·ｍ。     

Ba1-xSrxPbO3系导电陶瓷及其导电性的研究

利用固相反应法即传统陶瓷工艺，制成了Bal-xSrxPbO3系导电陶瓷。用四探针法测量了此种导电陶瓷的电阻率ρr，研究了ρr与Sr含量x和温度T的关系，通过红外光谱分析研究了此种样品。晶格中出现的氧缺位使得晶格结构发生畸变，Sr-O键出现强烈振动，同时产生了红外吸收谱。在氧缺位中存在弱束缚的导电电子。     

聚合物/碳纳米管的研究进展

碳纳米管具有独特的结构，优异的力学性能、热稳定性与导电性能，与聚合物并用可开发出多种新型复合材料，评述利用直接混合法、原位聚合法与超声波处理法制备聚合物／碳纳米管材料，并讨论该复合材料的力学性能，光电性能与磨擦学性能。     

正交法优化PTC导电塑料加工工艺

采用正交设计方法在ＨＡＫＫＥ ＳＹＳＴＥＭ－４０密炼机上对两种不同类型导为黑进行了加工工艺条件探索。结果表明，采用压辊式密炼方法，炭黑能在基体中均匀分民得材料拉伸强度及断理解伸长率高，室温电阻率较大，强剪切力对特异对炭黑及炉法炭黑链状结构具有不程度的破坏；转子类型、转子速度、混炼温度混炼时间对ＬＬＤＰＥ／ＥＶＡ／ＣＢ复合物导电性能的影响依次减弱。     

PET/PBT共混导电复合材料的研究

采用DSC（差示扫描量热法）对PET／PBT合金的相容性进行了研究，探讨了导电炭黑加入量对PET／PBT合金的导电性能与力学性能的影响。结果表明，PET／PBT共混物在非晶区相容而在晶区不相容或部分相容，导电炭黑填充PET／PBT合金的渗流阈值为15％，导电炭黑的填充对合金的力学性能有负面的影响。     

掺氟氧化锡纳米粉体的制备

以无机盐为前驱物，采用改进后的溶胶一凝胶法，在热处理温度为800℃时成功制备了掺氟氧化锡的纳米粉末，所得样品具有金红石结构。用TEM和XRD对不同热处理温度的粉体进行了形貌和结晶状态的表征，并研究了粉体的特性。结果表明：热处理温度对粉体晶粒度有较大影响，随着热处理温度的提高，纳米微粒的分散趋向均匀，粒径大小向5nm靠近。     

浅色云异导电颜料制备工艺研究

用化学共沉积法方法在微细云母基片上包覆 Ｓｎｏ２－Ｓｂ２Ｏ３半导体化合物，经煅烧制得一种新型浅色导电颜料，克服了纯ＳｎＯ２或ＳｂＯ３导电颜料易聚焦，难分散的缺点，且大大降低成本。了影响颜料性能的各种因素。     

导电聚苯胺复合纤维的研制

利用氧化聚合法，在室温、常压下快速将苯胺聚合在极性纤维表面，从而赋予纤维优良的导电性能，其表面电阻达到１０￣３Ω／ｃｍ。同时对导电性能的耐洗牢度进行了初步研究。     

樟树资源化学加工利用产业发展现状

油樟和樟树化学型中的芳樟、龙脑樟是中国特色樟科树种,总面积约8万公顷,主要分布在四川宜宾、四川广安、江西赣州、广西南宁、湖南新晃等地.樟树叶油中的1,8-桉叶素、芳樟醇和天然龙脑是重要的出口产品,也是医药、香精香料和日化行业的主要原料.本文综述了樟树资源特征、分布,介绍了油樟油、芳樟油、龙脑樟油的化学组成和生物活性,樟...     

Biosorption: critical review of scientific rationale,environmental importance and significance for pollution treatment

Biosorption may be simply defined as the removal of substances from solution by biological material. Such substances can be organic and inorganic, and in gaseous, soluble or insoluble forms. Biosorption is a physico‐chemical process and includes such mechanisms as absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Biosorption is a property of both living and dead organisms (and their components) and has been heralded as a promising biotechnology for pollutant removal from solution, and/or pollutant recovery, for a number of years, because of its efficiency, simplicity, analogous operation to conventional ion exchange technology, and availability of biomass. Most biosorption studies have carried out on microbial systems, chiefly bacteria, microalgae and fungi, and with toxic metals and radionuclides, including actinides like uranium and thorium. However, practically all biological material has an affinity for metal species and a considerable amount of other research exists with macroalgae (seaweeds) as well as plant and animal biomass, waste organic sludges, and many other wastes or derived bio‐products. While most biosorption research concerns metals and related substances, including radionuclides, the term is now applied to particulates and all manner of organic substances as well. However, despite continuing dramatic increases in published research on biosorption, there has been little or no exploitation in an industrial context. This article critically reviews aspects of biosorption research regarding the benefits, disadvantages, and future potential of biosorption as an industrial process, the rationale, scope and scientific value of biosorption research, and the significance of biosorption in other waste treatment processes and in the environment. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review

Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined.     

A review of liquid silicone rubber injection molding: Process variables and process modeling

Liquid silicone rubber (LSR) is an elastomer molded into critical performance components for applications in medical, power, consumer, automotive, and aerospace applications. This article reviews process behavior, material modeling, and simulation of the (LSR) injection molding process. Each phase of the LSR injection molding process is discussed, including resin handling, plastication, injection, pack and hold, and curing; and factors affecting the molding process are reviewed. Processing behavior of LSR is marked by transient interactions between curing, shear rate, temperature, pressure, and tooling. Therefore, current LSR models for curing, viscosity, pressure, and temperature are discussed. Process dynamics and material modeling are combined in LSR injection molding simulations with applications in mold design, troubleshooting process-induced defects, and management of shear stress and non-uniform temperatures between LSR and substrates during overmolding. Finally, case studies using commercial simulation software are presented, which have shown cavity pressure and flow front advancement within 3% of experimental values. Optimization of LSR materials, data collection, model fitting, venting, and bonding remain areas of continued interest.     

Potential of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Carbon Nanotube Composite in Energy,Electronics, and Membrane Technology: An Overview

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic and electroactive polymer with piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties, thermal stability, elasticity, and chemical resistance. PVDF exits in five different phases (α, β, δ, γ, and ε-phase). Unique properties of this polymer enhances its use in chemical, biomedical, and electronic industries such as supercapacitors, transducers, actuators, and batteries. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is used as reinforcement to exploit full potential of PVDF in energy, electronics, and membrane technology. The nanofiller affects morphology, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electrical, dielectric, thermal, and mechanical properties of PVDF-based nanocomposite. CNT content and chemical modification influence properties as well as application of PVDF.     

The Emerging Roles of Chromogranins and Derived Polypeptides in Atherosclerosis,Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease

Chromogranin A (CgA), B (CgB), and C (CgC), the family members of the granin glycoproteins, are associated with diabetes. These proteins are abundantly expressed in neurons, endocrine, and neuroendocrine cells. They are also present in other areas of the body. Patients with diabetic retinopathy have higher levels of CgA, CgB, and CgC in the vitreous humor. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients have high CgA and low CgB levels in the circulating blood. Plasma CgA levels are increased in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. CgA is the precursor to several functional peptides, including catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, pancreastatin, chromofungin, and many others. Catestatin, vasostain-1, and vasostatin-2 suppress the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Catestatin and vasostatin-1 suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in human macrophages. Catestatin and vasostatin-2, but not vasostatin-1, suppress the proliferation and these three peptides suppress the migration in human vascular smooth muscles. Chronic infusion of catestatin, vasostatin-1, or vasostatin-2 suppresses the development of atherosclerosis of the aorta in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, and chromofungin protect ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats. Since pancreastatin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and regulates glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissues, pancreastatin inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) improves insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Catestatin stimulates therapeutic angiogenesis in the mouse hind limb ischemia model. Gene therapy with secretoneurin, a CgC-derived peptide, stimulates postischemic neovascularization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and improves diabetic neuropathy in db/db mice. Therefore, CgA is a biomarker for atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. CgA- and CgC--derived polypeptides provide the therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and ischemia-induced tissue damages. PSTi8 is useful in the treatment of diabetes.     

A review of ZrO2 nanoparticles applications and recent advancements

The many branches of nanoscience have made significant strides and advancements during the past ten years, as has the entire scientific community. Zirconia nanoparticles have several uses as adsorbents, nanosensors, nanocatalysts, and other types of nanomaterials. Their outstanding biomedical uses in dental care and drug delivery, as well as their intriguing biological characteristics, such as their anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and antioxidant activity, have further encouraged researchers to investigate their physicochemical properties using various synthetic pathways. Due to the popularity of zirconia-based nanomaterials, the current research comprehensively examines several synthesis techniques and their effects on the composition, dimensions, forms, and morphologies of these nanomaterials. In general, there are two methods for creating zirconia nanoparticles: chemical synthesis, which uses hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel, microwave, solution combustion, and co-precipitation processes; and a greener method, which uses bacteria, fungi, and plant components. The aforementioned techniques have been evaluated in the present review for achieving particular phases and shapes. A thorough analysis of zirconia-based nanomaterial's uses is also included in the review. Furthermore, comparisons with their equivalent composites for various applications as well as the influence of particular phases and morphologies have been added. The final portion includes the summary, future outlook, and potential application.     

建筑陶瓷装饰技术的现状及发展趋势

简要介绍了建筑陶瓷领域、日用陶瓷和工艺美术陶瓷领域装饰技术的最新进展,着重介绍了引领陶瓷装饰技术发展和最新潮流的意大利、西班牙在这方面的水平和成果,他们为开放的中国从世界陶瓷大国尽快过渡到世界陶瓷强国提供了借鉴和方向。装饰技术的总体水平包括设计、装饰技法、装饰工艺、装饰材料和装饰机械装备等几大方面,其中设计是龙头,它应包括产品的图案设计、造型设计、色彩的搭配、产品的应用及展示设计等多个方面;装饰技法包括平面装饰和立体装饰、平铺和点缀、多种装饰材料的交替和组合应用等;装饰工艺包括布料(多管布料、多次布料、随机布料、微粉和干粒布料),丝网印刷(平面丝网印刷、辊筒印刷、胶辊印刷),各种施釉工艺,抛光,柔抛,釉抛和半釉抛工艺,磨边和水刀切割,拼花工艺等;装饰材料有各种色料、成釉、金属釉、干粒、印油、渗花液、喷墨印刷用耗材等;装饰机械装备包括各种装饰机械和工模具。     

套管损坏防治技术

针对油田套管损坏情况日益严重的现状,进行了套管损坏类型、特点及套损机理研究,形成了配套完善的套损防治技术体系。完善了从钻井、完井、固井及开发生产全过程的套损预防与保护系列技术,形成了以修胀套、爆炸整形、打通道、套管加固、取换套、侧钻为主的系列套管修复技术以及以工程测井为主的套管状况检测系列技术。并由实践认识到:只有坚持预防为主,研、防、治并举,建立适合不同油藏类型、不同开发阶段、不同开发方式的套损综合防治模式,才能解决油田套管损坏问题。     

油气集输过程中含油污泥减量化

集输过程中的含油污泥具有成分复杂、含液率高、乳化胶结稳定等特性,占油田危险废物新增量的约60%,是污染防治的重点。近年来,学者们开展了大量“调质-固液分离”减量化技术降低其环境风险和处置成本,但仍存在需要针对含油污泥不同来源优选相匹配的减量化调质方法和装置的难题。为此,本文回顾了氧化、破乳、絮凝、干化/半干、超声波、微波等化学与物理调质方法,离心机、叠螺机、压滤机3种固液分离装置研究进展,通过分别对各种调质方法及装置的对比分析,重点阐述了其作用机理、优缺点、适用对象。其中化学调质方法中破乳氧化、加酸更适用于高含聚油泥;表面活性剂破乳需加热,可与超声波相结合;有机和无机絮凝剂配合可提高罐底泥中油回收效果;干化/半干化法受经济效益制约。在文献基础上,认为未来应加强生物表面活性剂、生物电化学系统、椭圆叠螺机、基于固液分离装置数值模型基础上的设计与优化软件、多学科相结合的减量化耦合技术研究。