熔盐堆临界能谱与通量分布的仿真计算

研究熔盐反应堆在临界工况下的堆芯中子能量和中子通量分布.由于熔盐反应堆的几何结构与目前的热中子反应堆存在很大差异,导致热中子反应堆能谱的求解方法在对熔盐堆进行计算时存在几何处理上的困难.针对上述问题,提出采用具有任意几何处理能力的中子输运计算软件MCNP对熔盐堆堆芯结构进行建模,采用能量区间上的平均通量代替该区间内通量分布的方法,计算了两种熔盐堆在临界工况下的堆芯中子能谱.结果表明,MSBR堆芯能谱为典型的热堆能谱;MO-SART堆芯能谱介于快堆能谱和热堆能谱之间.结果能够作为堆芯扩散计算中能量分群方法的依据.同时分析了堆芯内中子通量分布情况,结果表明熔盐堆中子通量分布具有中间高、四周低的特点.     

反应堆温度效应的稳定性影响分析

压水型反应堆堆芯的温度效应对核电厂在瞬态工况下的反应性控制具有重要影响.对压水型反应堆温度效应产生负反应性反馈的机理进行了阐述,并基于点堆中子动力学模型,在MatLab/SimuLink的仿真环境下建立了带有温度反馈环节的瞬态工况堆芯响应仿真模型.根据所建立的仿真模型,考虑反应堆升降功率的瞬态工况,对不同的反应堆温度系数的负反馈影响进行了仿真分析.仿真分析的结果表明,当反应堆需要改变其输出功率对堆芯引入阶跃微小反应性扰动后,由于核燃料和慢化剂的负温度系数作用,使反应堆本身具备内在稳定性,堆芯中子密度变化是趋于稳定的.根据仿真结果,反应堆负温度系数所产生的温度效应对核电厂瞬态工况下反应性控制具有有利的影响.所用的堆芯仿真模型分析方法可以为反应堆堆芯功率控制系统的设计和分析提供参考.     

热压微晶碳化硼材料中子屏蔽性能仿真

在蒙特卡洛模拟程序中构建三维仿真模型,对热压微晶碳化硼材料的中子屏蔽性能进行模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,碳化硼在材料中的含量直接影响着中子的投射系数,可以通过调整材料中碳化硼的含量,改善中子屏蔽效果;在普通材料的高能中子区和低能中子区添加相同含量的碳化硼,对中子屏蔽性能产生的影响存在差异,高能中子的屏蔽性能优于低能中子的屏蔽性能;中子屏蔽性能也受屏蔽体材料厚度的影响,将碳化硼添加到普通材料中,可以提高屏蔽效果,降低屏蔽材料的厚度,且屏蔽厚度与碳化硼含量之间呈反比。     

反应堆控制棒失步故障诊断系统设计

反应堆控制棒棒位与堆芯的总功率息息相关。而在反应堆运行过程中,无法直接观测到控制棒是否发生失步故障;同时,传统的故障诊断方法无法针对该故障进行定位。因此,需要通过其他方法对控制棒失步进行状态监测与故障诊断。以秦山一期反应堆堆芯为研究对象,利用REMARK仿真程序计算得到堆内三个不同位置的中子计数,采用阈值检测法进行状态监测,并通过反向传播(BP)神经网络进行故障诊断。使用MCNP5模拟的故障数据进行仿真验证。验证结果表明,该系统能够在不同的工况下,较好地诊断出反应堆控制棒失步的故障定位与故障程度,实现了对控制棒失步故障在线实时监测与诊断,能够为操作员提供相应的故障信息,提高了反应堆的安全性能。     

三代压水反应堆堆芯建模方法研究

核心软件自研是解决我国核电技术“卡脖子”问题的关键途径之一。针对当前堆芯仿真软件多为国外软件的现状,开展三代压水反应堆堆芯建模方法研究。基于“两步法”思想,利用时间和空间离散方法,解决了三维时空中子动力学方程求解难题,自主开发了三维时空中子动力学程序,实现了高精度中子学物理计算。开展单元测试和集成测试。测试结果表明,建立的中子动力学程序具有较好的精准性和计算效率,能够实现仿真装置对核电站各类工况的分析、预测。研究成果可广泛应用于核电站堆芯物理仿真领域。     

基于文氏方向谱的海浪仿真技术研究

研究不同成长状态下的海浪真实性优化问题,海浪方向谱不仅与风速风向有关,还与风浪的成长状态息息相关.为获取海面波高数据,不仅要求正确地反映风速风向的影响,还应能够真实地反映海浪成长状态的变化.为解决上述问题,提出了一种采用能正确反映海浪成长状态的文氏方向谱来作为靶谱的三维海浪仿真方法,利用海洋谱能量散布随角频率以及不同风浪成长状态变化的具体特性,根据频率等分以及能量等分的采样原则,分别对多种成长状态下的海浪进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明,新方法能够正确地反映海浪成长状态的变化以及风速风向因子的影响,仿真的海面波高数据与实际海况相符.     

应用于Lamb波的最小功率无畸变波束形成算法

在利用Lamb波进行板状结构损伤检测时,采用经典最小功率无畸变波束形成算法可以获得较高的损伤成像精度,但仍无法避免频散效应对成像精度的影响,且该算法存在谱矩阵求逆运算复杂、奇异谱矩阵无法求逆等缺陷,显著降低计算效率。为解决上述问题,本文提出了更适用于Lamb波检测的改进型最小功率无畸变波束形成算法。该算法在频域进行波束形成以解决频散对成像的影响,并结合最小二乘递推法与对角加载法来进行谱矩阵求逆,以提高计算效率。实验及仿真结果表明,该算法能有效去除频散对损伤成像结果的影响,从而有效地解决了传统波束形成算法的成像结果中存在伪影,且成像分辨率低的问题;同时解决了谱矩阵求逆困难的问题,使得计算时间显著缩减。     

夹网屏蔽玻璃屏蔽效能仿真计算简化模型研究

为了减少夹网屏蔽玻璃在电磁场数值计算中剖分的网格数量,基于时域有限差分周期结构谱算法(Spectral Finite-Difference Time-Domain,SFDTD)仿真了单层夹网屏蔽玻璃的屏蔽效能,基于Schelkunoff屏蔽理论提取出金属网的等效电导率,应用CST电磁仿真软件建立了一种屏蔽玻璃仿真简化模型,解决了细微结构屏蔽材料难以仿真计算的难题。仿真结果表明,等效电导率方法具有很高的计算精度,为计算具有细微结构屏蔽材料的机箱、方舱等结构的屏蔽效能提供了有效途径。     

基于链路参数的屏蔽双绞线串扰预测模型

针对机载屏蔽双绞线与相邻线缆之间存在串扰的问题,提出基于链路参数的屏蔽双绞线串扰预测模型.在考虑屏蔽层转移阻抗的基础上推导出屏蔽双平行线的多导体传输线方程;将非均匀的屏蔽双绞线等效为多个扭绞级联,每个扭绞进一步简化为多段均匀传输线级联;使用级联传输线理论求得总的链路参数矩阵,进而得到单根线缆对屏蔽双绞线串扰模型.该模型求解结果与CST仿真结果对比表明,两者串扰随频率变化趋势一致,对串扰最大值的预测一致.实验结果表明,模型能有效预测串扰最大值.     

基于迭代自适应方法的近场源二维参数联合估计

针对近场源波达方向（DOA）和距离的联合估计问题，提出一种近场迭代自适应算法（NF-IAA）。首先通过划分二维网格表示出近场区域内信源所有可能的位置，每个位置都看作存在一个潜在的信源入射到阵列上，表示出阵列输出的数据模型；然后通过循环迭代利用上一次谱估计的结果构建信号的协方差矩阵，将协方差矩阵的逆作为加权矩阵估计出每个位置对应的潜在信源能量；最后绘制出三维能量谱图，由于只有真实存在的信源能量不为0，因此谱峰对应的位置即为真实存在信源的位置。仿真实验表明在10个快拍条件下，NF-IAA的DOA分辨概率达到了90%，而二维多重信号分类（2D-MUSIC）算法只有40%；当快拍数降至2时，2D-MUSIC算法已经失效，而NF-IAA仍然能很好地分辨出3个入射信源并且准确地估计出位置参数。随着快拍数和信噪比（SNR）的增加，NF-IAA的估计性能一直优于2D-MUSIC。实验结果表明，NF-IAA具备少快拍条件下高精度、高分辨地估计近场源二维位置参数的能力。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。