求解旅行商问题的混合量子蚁群算法

针对蚁群算法求解旅行商问题时易陷入局部最优和收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种新的求解旅行商问题的混合量子蚁群算法。该算法采用量子比特的概率幅对各路径上的信息素进行编码,采用量子旋转门及蚂蚁走过的路径对信息素进行更新,设计一种新的变换邻域准则。基于TSPLIB的仿真实验结果表明了该算法具有较快的收敛速度和求解精度。     

基于信息素扩散的优化蚁群算法的研究

在蚁群算法实验性分析的基础上,对算法模型改进和信息素更新机制方面,首次引入了信息素扩散的概念,在信息素更新的时候更好地考虑了先前经过的节点,以尽力避免不必要的无用搜索,同时基于信息素扩散的蚁群算法具有不断获得新的最优解的能力,使得改进蚁群算法在不断的迭代过程后,可获得全局最优解,而不易陷入局部最优解.在解决实际旅行商问题时,首先对所有节点的坐标预处理,然后采取信息素扩散机制和蚂蚁泛滥技术来对蚁群算法进行改进,力求在相同的迭代次数内可以寻找到更短及代价更小的路径.最后,通过在vc++环境下实现改进蚁群算法程序,验证了改进后的蚁群算法的可行性以及改进后的蚁群算法求解的高效性.     

改进的智能蚁群算法在TSP问题中的应用

研究旅行商领域优化路径问题,解决目前蚁群算法易陷入局部最优、搜索时间长等问题.为加快算法的速度优化结果,提出了一种改进的求解TSP问题的智能蚁群优化算法.算法前期采用了一种最近节点选择策略对路径进行优化,提高了搜索效率,使之适应大规模问题求解;后期改进了基本蚁群算法中信息素、挥发因子的更新规则,通过改进使得每轮搜索后信息素的增量能更好地反映求解的质量,有效地避免陷入局部最优,加快了收敛.通过改进后的蚁群算法,对TSPLIB中部分问题的仿真结果表明,在避免陷入局部最优和缩短搜索时间方面都取得了很好的效果.证明采取的优化蚁群算法,是可行有效的.     

基于T-ACO算法的旅行商问题求解优化研究

为了有效求解旅行商问题,本文提出了一种基于T分布的改进蚁群算法。针对基本蚁群算法易陷入局部最优、寻优精度低等缺陷,在优化过程中,在信息素更新原则上,引入T分布,有益于基本蚁群算法弥补其不足。在基本蚁群算法中增加了信息素的突变,使得蚂蚁群的多样性提高,从而跳出局部最优的限制。与此同时,T-ACO算法在旅行商问题搜寻精度与收敛速度方面也得到了提高。对T-ACO求解旅行商问题的性能进行了实验仿真,实验分析表明,T-ACO算法有更好的寻优能力。     

一种改进蚁群算法求解最短路径的应用

蚁群算法是一种新型的启发式模拟进化算法,为求解各种复杂的组合问题提供了一种新的思路.虽然蚂蚁个体没有智能,但群体蚂蚁可以通过信息素(pheromone)进行互相交流进而协调工作.自从Marco Dorigo根据蚂蚁觅食的过程,首次提出了蚁群算法并且应用于求解最短路径问题以来,针对蚁群算法的研究一直都没有停止.通过对信息素更新策略、局部搜索算法、随机选择概率三个方面的改进,提高算法的全局最优搜索能力和收敛性.实验结果表明,改进算法有较好的性能.     

基于混合信息素递减的蚁群算法

根据蚁群算法信息素更新的特性,提出了求解旅行商问题的混合信息素递减的蚁群算法。把基本蚁群的三种不同的信息素更新方式混合在一起,同时提出了信息素递减更新的方法。新的更新方式避免了蚂蚁在寻找最优解的过程中,由于禁忌表元素的逐渐增加而限制蚂蚁巡游路径选择的缺点,减少了巡游后期信息素对于后继蚂蚁的影响,提高了后继蚂蚁的巡游质量。仿真实验表明了该混合算法的有效性。     

求解子旅行商问题的改进蚁群算法

已有求解子旅行商问题的蚁群算法存在容易早熟、易于陷入局部最优的问题。为此,提出一种改进的蚁群算法。将拥挤因子嵌入到蚁群算法的状态转移和信息素更新过程中,增强全局搜索能力,设计邻域搜索技术和局部变异技术,以提高解的质量和加快收敛速度。实验结果表明,该算法的求解质量和稳定性较好。     

一种快速求解旅行商问题的蚁群算法

蚁群优化是一种元启发式的随机搜索技术,是目前解决组合优化问题最有效的工具之一.将信息素更新和随机搜索机制的改进相结合,提出一种快速求解旅行商问题的蚁群算法.首先给出了一种新的信息素增量模型,以体现蚂蚁在不同路径上行走时所产生的信息素差异;然后以蚂蚁经过的路径(直线段)作为信息素扩散浓度场的信源,改进了信息素扩散模型,强化了蚂蚁间的协作和交流;最后采用较低复杂度的变异策略对迭代的结果进行优化.在大量通用数据集上的实验表明,该算法不仅能获得更好的最优解,而且收敛速度有显著的提高.     

引入动态分化和邻域诱导机制的双蚁群优化算法

为提高传统蚁群算法在解决旅行商问题时的优化效果,提出了一种引入动态分化和邻域诱导机制的双蚁群优化算法。该算法首先引入混沌随机策略,在算法初始化阶段改变原始的贪心策略,使初始信息素混沌分布,以保持种群的多样性,从而提高解的精度;其次,将蚁群分为孤立蚁群与正常蚁群,两组蚂蚁分别在当前最优路径与离群路径附近搜索;在种群间采取诱导机制,正常蚁负责搜索最优路径,孤立蚁混沌随机释放信息素,将正常蚁群诱导至新的路径邻域,从而有效地平衡收敛速度与解的多样性之间的矛盾。通过对不同规模的旅行商问题仿真结果的比较,验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于蚁群优化算法的TSP问题研究

通过介绍蚁群觅食过程中基于信息素的最短路径的搜索策略,给出蚁群算法在TSP问题中的应用.针对基本蚁群算法求解速度缓慢、容易陷入局部最优等特点,提出了一种改进的蚁群算法,同时保持蚁群算法自己的收敛速度和路径的多样性.在TSP旅行商问题上的仿真验证表明它是可行性和有效性的.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.