面向隐私保护的两层传感网Top-k查询处理方法

无线传感器网络中的隐私保护技术已经成为研究热点,其中具有隐私保护能力的Top-k查询已经成为富有挑战性的研究问题.提出了一种基于前缀编码验证(PMV)机制的两层传感器网络隐私保护Top-k查询处理方法.通过引入PMV机制,并利用加密和Hash消息身份验证编码技术,使感知节点对采集到的数据进行加密和编码处理,并上传至存储节点;存储节点利用PMV机制实现在无需感知数据明文参与下的数值线性关系比较,进而计算包含查询结果的最小候选密文数据集,并发送给Sink节点;最终由Sink解密密文数据,完成Top-k查询结果计算.为了降低感知节点能耗,给出基于Hash技术的能量优化策略.理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法能够确保数据的隐私安全性,且性能表现优于现有工作.     

外包数据库服务隐私保护方法

针对目前基于数据库加密的隐私保护外包数据库服务技术需要对整个数据库进行频繁的加密和解密操作,不能有效实现数据处理性能与数据隐私保护之间平衡的不足,提出一种新的基于分布式外包数据库服务的隐私保护方法。该方法引入准标识属性集自动检测和概率匿名隐私保护技术,采用对部分敏感属性加密或匿名的方式和分解准标识属性集的方式实现数据的水平分解和垂直分解,并针对不同的数据分解方式,给出了分布式查询处理的方案。理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法可实现非可信数据库服务器的外包,并能较好地平衡数据查询性能和隐私保护之间的矛盾。     

基于分解和加密的外包数据库隐私保护

目前基于全部数据加密的外包数据库服务不能有效平衡数据处理性能与数据隐私保护之间的关系。针对该不足,提出一种基于单个外包数据库服务器的隐私保护方法,通过加密和分解关联隐私约束规则最大限度地减少加密属性,实现最小加密属性分解的近似算法,并给出基于元数据的查询分解方法,实现查询处理。理论分析表明,该方法能实现外包数据的隐私保护,又能较好地改善外包数据的查询性能。     

两层传感网隐私保护的不完全数据Skyline查询协议

感知节点感知数据易受外界环境影响,使得不完全数据广泛存在于无线传感器网络中,且感知数据面临严重的隐私威胁。针对两层传感器网络不完全数据查询过程中存在的隐私泄露问题,提出一种基于置换和桶技术的两层传感器网络隐私保护的不完全数据Skyline查询协议（PPIS）。为了实现对不完全数据的Skyline查询,PPIS将缺失属性值置换为数据域的上界值,并将不完全数据映射到桶中;为了保证数据隐私性,PPIS首先将桶区间转化为前缀编码,然后将前缀编码加载到Bloom过滤器中,保证存储节点在无需数据和桶区间明文的前提下执行查询处理;为了保证查询结果的完整性,PPIS采用Merkle哈希树构造完整性验证编码,实现对查询结果的完整性验证。理论分析和仿真实验验证了PPIS的安全性和有效性,与现有隐私保护Skyline查询协议SMQ和SSQ相比,PPIS通信能耗节省了70%以上。     

考虑用户隐私保护范围的物联网海量混合数据查询方法

以降低查询开销、保证物联网用户隐私安全为目标,提出考虑用户隐私保护范围的物联网海量混合数据查询方法。构建用户隐私保护范围的物联网海量混合数据查询方案,利用属性权威中心设置初始物联网参数,生成公开密钥和主密钥。认证中心认证数据拥有者和查询者的身份信息,并发放身份证书。数据拥有者通过G-CP-ABE加密算法加密混合数据文件,在代理服务器的协同下获取密文索引,数据查询者加密关键字。由代理服务器生成查询陷门,物联网查询服务商根据查询请求及访问权限,筛选加密数据传送给代理服务器进行解密。将解密结果传输至数据查询者,实现物联网混合数据查询。实验结果表明：该方法可有效加密物联网海量数据,解密密钥具有偏差时的解密数据并非原始数据,可有效保护用户数据安全,且查询开销较低。     

基于物联网的云数据存储访问和隐私保护机制研究

针对物联网环境下云数据的可信存储、用户隐私信息的可靠保护和访问控制的有效性等问题,提出基于物联网的云数据存储访问与隐私保护机制。在该机制中,首先对云数据库中的数据信息进行基于关系模式的最小属性分解,针对单独属性或属性子集对象进行动态交换加密,生成满足隐私约束规则的最小粒度的密钥,然后针对用户隐私信息从预处理和在线查询两个方面进行保护,当用户进行数据信息访问时,依据授权进行密钥获取,并依据解密算法进行明文解析,当用户授权被撤销时,依据数据库代理服务器更新算法进行信息更新。实验证明,该机制具有良好的执行效率,当资源规模较大时,该访问机制更具有优势。     

两层传感网中能量高效的隐私保护范围查询方法

具有隐私保护能力的范围查询处理方法是当前无线传感器网络（wireless sensor networks , WSNs）数据管理应用技术中具有挑战性的研究内容。针对2层传感器网络环境,提出了一种能量高效的隐私保护范围查询处理方法（energy‐efficient and privacy‐preserving range query ,EPRQ ）。在数据存储阶段,感知节点对其采集的数据进行加密处理,并利用0‐1编码和 Hash消息身份认证编码机制计算各采集数据的最小化比较因子,然后将密文和编码数据上传至存储节点。在查询处理阶段,基站计算用户查询的目标范围区间的比较因子,并作为查询指令发送给存储节点;再由存储节点利用0‐1编码验证机制的数值比较特性,实现无需明文数值参与下的数据大小比较,进而确定查询结果密文数据集,并返回基站;基站解密密文数据,获得最终的查询结果。理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法能够实现对感知数据、查询结果和目标范围区间的隐私保护,且与现有方法相比具有更高的能耗效率。     

智慧医院财务报表数据库隐私加密方法研究

当前加密方法大部分无法保证数据库安全性,且加密和解密运算对数据库访问效率产生很大的问题,因此提出一种安全高效的智慧医院财务报表数据库隐私加密方法.利用分解关联敏感属性的技术,通过贪婪近似算法将外包数据库中关系模式划分成符合隐私约束规则与具备最小加密网络通信量两个部分,针对隐私数据建立加密密钥,通过建立的加密密钥,加密索引构造的B+树对智慧医院财务报表数据库隐私,依据索引实现数据查询.实验结果表明,贪婪近似算法运用科学运筹算法把问题缩小化再通过对隐私建立加密密钥,所提方法可有效完成对隐私数据库的加密,保证数据库安全性与完备性,不会对隐私泄露.     

无线传感器网络中节能与隐私保护范围查询

针对无线传感器网络中范围查询高隐私性与低能耗的要求,提出了一种节能的安全范围查询处理算法EPRN。EPRN对数据查询过程与上传过程进行分离,避免了所有节点将自身感知数据传输至存储节点或基站,大大降低了网络传输过程通信量,延长了网络寿命。运用前缀成员验证、数据加密等技术对感知数据以及查询范围进行处理,从而达到隐私保护的目的。理论分析和仿真实验显示,EPRN在保证数据隐私性的同时具有更好的节能性。     

智慧健康中基于属性的访问控制方案

针对智慧健康（S-health）中个人健康档案（PHR）的隐私保护问题,提出了一种外包解密可验证并可代理的基于属性的访问控制方案。首先,利用密文策略属性基加密（CP-ABE）方法,实现PHR的细粒度访问控制;其次,通过将复杂的解密计算外包至云服务器,并利用授权机构来验证云服务器返回的部分解密密文（PDC）的正确性;然后,基于代理方法,受限用户可将外包解密及验证委托给第三方用户执行而不泄露隐私;最后,在标准模型下证明了方案的自适应安全性。理论分析结果表明,用户端解密仅需执行一次指数运算,该方案具有较强的安全性与实用性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。