基于SVM和阈值分析法的摔倒检测系统

随着我国人口老龄化的快速发展,老年人口呈现出高龄化、空巢化的趋势。当老年人在家中发生意外跌倒而未能及时获得救助时,会给老年人造成严重的身心伤害。针对这个问题,设计并实现老年人摔倒检测系统。该系统以嵌入式微处理器K60核心开发板作为处理内核,加速度传感器MMA7660FC采集人体三轴加速度信息,ENC-03陀螺仪采集两轴角速度信息。通过基于支持向量机(SVM)和阈值分析法的摔倒检测算法判断是否摔倒,在摔倒时能自动地发送摔倒报警信息。实验结果表明,系统能有效地区分摔倒和其他日常生活行为,算法准确度高、实时性高。     

基于多传感器融合的摔倒检测算法的研究

针对传统摔倒检测算法中误报和漏报率高的不足,提出一种基于多传感器融合的摔倒检测算法;该算法分别以人体的加速度和姿态角值为判定依据;首先,采用三轴加速度传感器和电子罗盘对上述两种数据进行采集,并通过无线模块发送至PC机;之后对采集数据进行分析和处理,进而根据阈值进行异常姿态检测;最终,综合加速度和姿态角的分析结果给出准确的检测结论;实验结果表明,该算法检测的准确率达99.2％、与传统检测算法相比具有更强的稳定性与可靠性.     

基于三轴加速度传感器和电子罗盘的人体摔倒监测系统

设计了一种具有远程监控功能的人体摔倒监测系统,为实现系统的小体积和低功耗,系统硬件主要由MSP430F149单片机、三轴加速度传感器、电子罗盘和无线通信模块组成,由MMA8453Q采集人体运动过程中的三轴加速度数据、CPS320T模块采集人体运动状态参数、无线模块nRF24L01实现系统与工作站间的数据通信.分析了系统的主要硬件模块的接口电路设计方法,并给出了基于硬件的摔倒监测算法.实验结果表明,本系统摔倒监测准确率达98.8％,功耗低,具有很强的实用性.     

基于MEMS三轴加速度传感器的摔倒检测

摔倒作为人体活动的一部分,是影响人体健康的一大因素,尤其对病人和老年人而言,摔倒检测至关重要。基于MEMS三轴加速度传感器采集的人体活动加速度信号,提出了一种基于固定阈值的信号幅度向量滑动平均法SVMSA。该方法根据人体活动时的加速度信号特征,利用预先设定的阈值对加速度信号幅度向量SVM的滑动平均SVMSA进行判决,同时使用差分信号幅度域DSMA区分快速跑步等剧烈运动,准确实现了人体的摔倒检测。主要优势在于分析并区别了人体快速跑步等剧烈运动对摔倒检测的影响。通过对8位实验者的测试,该算法实现了94.4%的精确度。实验表明该算法能够较为准确地实现人体的摔倒检测。     

基于ZigBee的山体滑坡远程监控系统

针对现有山体滑坡预警系统中有线传输、人工播报等弊端,采用MPU6050三轴加速度传感器设计一种低功耗、高精度的山体滑坡远程监控系统.系统通过ZigBee无线传感器网络采集数据,并利用卡尔曼滤波算法修正测量中的误差以提高数据精度.通过物理原型测试,系统运行顺畅,符合设计要求.     

老年人跌倒警报器的研究

随着人口老龄化趋势的加剧,老年人的家庭护理需求日益增多。当老年人发生意外跌倒而没有及时救助,会产生很严重的后果。本文设计了基于ADXL343三轴加速度传感器、51单片机和蓝牙无线通信模块的摔倒检测器。利用三轴加速度传感器采集人体的三维加速度值,单片机进行分析计算,结果经蓝牙通讯模块送入上位机或手机。当探测到有跌倒发生时,手机或上位机发出报警信号,及时通知子女或指定人员如医院等。通过分析加速度传感器数据、编写软件算法判断人体姿态;在老人摔倒后正常报警;分析可能产生的误报现象、判断此次报警是否为异常报警,设置加速度阈值减少误判可能。设置防误报按键,当老人运动幅度过大而使检测器误报警可人为取消报警。     

基于自适应双阈值的计步算法

针对现有计步算法对不同运动状态适应性差的问题,设计了一种基于自适应阈值的计步算法。该算法首先通过智能手环的内置三轴加速度传感器采集用户在慢走、快走以及跑步三种步行频率的加速度数据,经过五点滤波预处理,在自适应时间窗内检测波峰波谷,再将波峰均值和波谷均值的平均值作为上阈值,波谷均值作为下阈值,通过动态阈值判定步数,最后根据行走振幅和行走频率存在的规律性进行假步检测。测试表明,该算法对于不同的用户在三种不同频率下平均计步精度可以达到91.88%以上。     

分段双向去除反向重力加速度算法

针对角度法在滤除反向重力加速度过程中数据误差导致的线性加速精度不高的问题,提出一种分段双向去除反向重力加速度算法.首先提出一种基于静止点的数据分段法,将静止点作为端点将运动数据分段,以避免角速度积分过程中误差的段间积累;然后设计一种改进于角度法的双向角度法,以数据段为单位去除反向重力加速度,减小了由段内角速度积分过程带来的积累误差对线性加速度结果精度的影响.使用集成三轴加速度传感器和三轴陀螺仪的六轴传感器,搭配微型电脑树莓派,在不同量程下制作2个数据集;并在2个数据集上进行不同算法的精确度对比实验.结果表明,该算法比角度法获取的线性加速度更精确.     

基于穿戴式平台的老人摔倒监测系统设计

针对老年人跌倒伤害预防问题,基于人体躯域网络可穿戴检测平台,设计了一种人体摔倒生理状态检测系统.系统主要包括摔倒状态检测模块,人体生理状态检测模块,GPS定位模块以及远程监护模块等.当老年人摔倒发生时,摔倒状态检测模块通过三轴加速度传感器检测,确认摔倒后立刻与远程监护平台通信,告知监护人,并通过穿戴式生理状态检测模块实时监测其心率信息,利用GPS定位,通过无线通信的方式将摔倒位置以及生理信息实时反馈给监护人.实验结果表明:该系统可以有效监测老人摔倒状态和生理状态,对及时救助有很大的帮助,具有良好的社会意义.     

新型数据手套及其手势识别研究

在人机交互系统中,为了准确获取手部的运动信息,设计了一种基于微机电系统MEMS加速度传感器的新型数据手套.该数据手套以MXR9500传感器和SPCE061A单片机为核心元件,通过检测加速度传感器的三轴加速度来获取手势动作的空间三维信息和手指的运动信息.以该数据手套为基础开发的汉语手指语拼音字母识别系统,采用基于模糊理论的识别算法,进一步提高了识别准确率.测试结果表明手套测量数据准确,识别系统准确率高、运行稳定.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。