EEMD分解在电力系统故障信号检测中的应用

针对经验模态分解(EMD)的希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)在电力系统故障信号检测问题,应用存在的模态混叠会导致扰动信号检测失效,为此提出一种基于聚类经验模型分解(EEMD)的故障信号检测的方法。方法通过多次对目标数据加入随机白噪声序列以保证不同区域信号映射的完整性,并且克服了传统EMD分解造成的模态混叠问题,通过EEMD方法提取信号的固有模态函数(IMF),再进行Hilbert变换,利用Hilbert谱对故障暂态和扰动时刻进行检测,通过瞬时频率实现对故障暂态和扰动时刻的准确定位。通过数字仿真分析表明,方法是准确有效的。     

基于改进希尔伯特黄变换的电机故障特征提取方法研究

电机的故障特征信号一般为非平稳信号,而基于线性、平稳假定的传统故障特征提取方法不能准确提取非平稳信号的时频变化特征,针对这一问题,本文采用了更适于分析非线性非平稳信号的希尔伯特-黄变换（HHT）,提出了结合集合经验模态分解（EEMD）与灰色关联度的方法进行电机故障特征提取,验证了EEMD抑制模态混叠问题的可行性以及灰色关联度方法识别虚假分量的有效性。并进一步对实际电机故障信号实验分析,利用BP人工神经网络对提取的特征向量进行故障识别,证明了该方法可以有效提高电机故障特征提取的准确性。     

基于小波变换及HHT的轴承故障诊断应用研究

为研究滚动轴承故障问题,将小波变换及HHT(Hilbert-Huang变换)相结合的分析方法,应用于强噪声背景下轴承信号故障的提取.首先将轴承故障信号利用小波变换进行降噪处理,然后应用HHT得到希尔伯特边际谱,从中提取故障特征信息.为准确诊断故障,将方法应用于分析采集的分别具有外圈和内圈损伤的滚动轴承振动信号,并与直接运用HHT分析作比较.结果表明,方法降低了噪声对HHT对振动故障信号分析的干扰,能够更有效的提取轴承故障特征信息,提高轴承故障诊断率.     

基于EEMD和多分辨SVD包的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对传统EEMD不能有效提取滚动轴承故障特征信息,提出了EEMD和多分辨SVD包的诊断方法。该方法首先使用EEMD方法分解故障信号,得到一组故障信号的IMF分量,再通过相似度计算,筛选出与故障信号相似度最高的IMF分量。使用多分辨SVD包分解已筛选出的IMF分量,根据分解后的频谱,与标准值作对比,诊断分析出轴承的故障类型。将本文方法应用到滚动轴承的故障诊断,实验结果表明本文提出的方法能有效地提取到轴承的故障特征信息。     

希尔伯特-黄变换在电力谐波分析中的应用

电力系统中的故障暂态信号多为非线性非平稳信号,希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)被认为是专门针对非线性非平稳信号的分析方法.将HHT引入到电力系统谐波检测中,利用经验模态分解(EMD)获得谐波信号的本征模态函数(IMF),通过选取IMF并对其进行Hilben变换,提取出IMF分量的瞬时频率和瞬时幅度.利用合成的IMF分量的Hilbert谱分布,对故障暂态进行了时间-频率-振幅的联合分析.仿真研究表明:基于HHT的故障检测方法能充分提取故障信息,故障定位准确,提高了故障检测的可靠性.     

基于HHT与PNN的输电线路故障分类

针对电力系统输电线路一系列的短路故障,把希尔伯特黄变换(HHT)完成对暂态信号特征量的提取与概率神经网络(PNN)作为诊断故障分类器相结合的方式,作为对输电线路故障分类的方法.利用HHT能够充分反映局部暂态信号的特点,对集合经验模态分解(EEMD)后的故障信号进行小波阈值降噪,运用HHT进行重构,得到三相电流以及零序电流4组特征能量函数值,并作为4组特征量输入到经遗传算法优化过平滑因子的PNN中进行训练,最终得到分类器.经Matlab仿真实验显示,该方法能够有效优化信号波形并提高故障分类精度.     

敏感SVD和EEMD的故障诊断方法研究

在噪声干扰下有效提取振动信号所包含的微弱故障特征,是轴承故障诊断的关键问题,提出了一种基于敏感奇异值分解(SSVD)和总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)的故障诊断方法.对时域振动信号进行敏感SVD分析,通过敏感因子选择反映故障冲击特征的敏感SVD分量,并利用定位因子定位分量信号所对应奇异值进行振动信号重构,以滤除噪声干扰;对降噪信号进行EEMD,根据峭度准则选取故障信息丰富的敏感固有模态分量(IMF),有效提取局部微弱故障信息;利用Teager-Kaiser能量算子(TKEO)计算故障信息的瞬时能量,并对其进行频谱分析,获取故障特征频率,以识别故障类型.方法应用于轴承故障诊断,实验证明了所提方法的有效性.     

基于EEMD和变尺度随机共振的轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于集合平均经验模式分解(EEMD)和变尺度随机共振(STSR)的滚动轴承故障提取方法.首先通过EEMD对含噪振动信号进行自适应抗混分解,得到不同频带的本征模态函数(IMF);然后将不同频带的IMF作为双稳系统的输入,通过变步长数值算法和调节非线性双稳系统的结构参数来提取微弱低频故障特征信号;最后运用切片双谱对双稳系统的输出进行后处理.仿真分析验证了STSR的特性,通过对强噪声背景下的滚动轴承实测信号分析表明,该方法充分利用高斯白噪声,能有效提取滚动轴承微弱故障特征.     

基于改进EEMD和谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障振动信号受噪声影响、总体经验模态分解(EEMD)参数不易获取的问题,提出了基于改进EEMD和谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先提取信号高频成分及设置期望分解误差确定EEMD参数,利用EEMD将信号分解为若干个本征模态分量(IMF),依据峭度准则选取相应分量进行重构以突出故障信息、提高信噪比;然后利用快速谱峭度图来选取带通滤波器的参数;最后对滤波信号进行能量算子解调分析。该方法应用到实测数据中的结果表明,其不仅能够自适应确定EEMD参数,降低了噪声的影响,还能清晰、准确地提取出故障特征频率,实现了滚动轴承故障的精确诊断。     

基于奇异值分解和小波包分析的液压泵振动信号特征提取方法

针对液压泵故障特征提取问题,提出了一种基于奇异值分解和小波包变换的液压泵振动信号特征提取方法.通过奇异值分解将噪声非均匀分布的液压泵振动信号正交分解为噪声分布相对均匀的分量,对各分量进行小波包阈值去噪,重构去噪后分量,对去噪后信号进行小波包分解,提取各频带能量特征.以齿轮泵为例,将该方法对齿轮泵的气穴故障、齿轮磨损和侧板磨损3种常见故障和正常状态的振动信号进行特征提取分析,结果表明,该方法可有效提取齿轮泵故障特征.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.