火箭发动机喷流噪声数值模拟及声振分析

为给火箭系统结构振动响应分析提供有效载荷,采用雷诺平均N S（Reynolds averaged N S,RANS）方程求解喷流流场与用非线性声学求解器（Non linear Acoustics Solver,NLAS）求解喷流声场相结合的方法,对某高超声速火箭液体发动机喷流噪声进行数值模拟.用有限元法和统计能量分析相结合的方法,求解发动机模型在噪声作用下的全频段振动响应.计算结果表明：发动机喷流噪声声压级大小与喷流流场的湍流动能密切相关,湍流强度大的位置喷流噪声声压大;喷流流场初始段混合层内产生的噪声在高频段大于过渡区内产生的噪声,但中低频段却相反.     

基于混合数值算法的锯齿形喷管气动噪声仿真

为了预测航空发动机喷流噪声远场声压级,满足未来的航空器噪声适航要求,采用计算流体力学(CFD)和计算航空声学(CAA)混合数值算法,对安装Chevron型锯齿的喷管进行气动噪声仿真计算.使用大涡模拟(LES)计算喷管的瞬态喷流流场.在流场计算的基础上使用Ligthill声类比进行声源提取,结合有限元/无限元方法对喷流噪...     

缩比试验模型设计与验证

为了预示导弹地下发射井中的噪声环境、检验某型多孔吸声材料的实际吸声效果,通过缩比模型试验进行了验证和仿真.按照缩比原则设计了缩小比例为1∶10的模型发动机,采用网格计算方法对缩比模型和原型发动机之间的温度场、速度场和压力场进行了定常仿真分析与比较.结果表明,缩比试验的结果与井下原型导弹的射流流场具有可比性,试验测量数据可以作为评价吸声材料的实际应用效果.对缩比模型的设计过程进行了研究.通过对模型发动机流场和原型发动机流场的仿真和比较,验证了缩比试验技术方案的合理性.     

旋转固体火箭发动机统一流场计算

为了进一步研究旋转对固体火箭发动机工作的影响,采用RSM湍流模型对内孔燃烧、内孔与端面同时燃烧管状装药旋转固体火箭发动机统一流场进行了仿真。采用UDF编程给出质量入口边界,获得了旋转条件下发动机内流场结构参数特点,并给予理论说明。计算结果表明,内孔燃烧装药发动机切向速度流场类似于典型的Rankine涡,端面和内孔同时燃烧装药发动机切向速度流场呈现出Rankine涡和由端面燃烧引起的强迫涡的复杂组合涡;在发动机前封头和喷管喉部涡核切向速度峰值非常大,使燃烧室前封头和喷管喉部工作环境显著恶化;旋转使发动机燃烧室压力沿径向逐渐增大,强迫涡附近的压力梯度远大于推进剂表面的压力梯度。     

固体火箭冲压发动机设计计算一体化

为了简化固体火箭冲压发动机的设计过程,减少工作量,基于ACIS几何造型平台开发了固体火箭冲压发动机的三维CAD软件,该软件能预估固冲发动机主要部件的结构尺寸和发动机性能并实现了图形的实时显示,使该系统可进行固体火箭冲压发动机总体方案论证.为了验证该软件设计结果的准确性,对某设计点的进气道和补燃室的流场进行了数值仿真.结果表明:数值仿真结果在一定程度上与设计值吻合较好,验证了设计方法的有效性.与国内相同类型软件相比较,该软件的性能计算准确性高,CAD图形处理能力强,实现了固体火箭冲压发动机的参数化设计、计算一体化.     

高速列车受电弓气动噪声分析与降噪研究

随着列车速度的大幅提升,气动噪声问题愈发凸显。受电弓噪声在整车噪声中占较高位置,为研究高速列车受电弓气动噪声特性,通过Lighthill声学理论的宽频噪声模型对高速列车气动噪声源进行识别,利用定常SST k-w湍流方法分析高速列车受电弓的流场特性;基于大涡模拟与FW-H声学比拟理论计算高速列车受电弓远场气动噪声。数值算例结果表明,受电弓部位的碳滑板、弓头为受电弓主要噪声源;以轨道中心线为对称线,远场气动噪声监测点的声压级及频谱特性表现出较高的对称性;在同一列车运行速度下,监测点声压级随离轨道中心线距离增大而减小,列车以不同速度运行时,其声压级降低的幅值相差较小;高速列车远场气动噪声为宽频噪声,主要能量集中在500Hz~5000Hz。提出一种射流降噪方法,在350km/h速度下,监测点总声压级值降低了15.2dB。     

Helmholtz共振腔气动噪声数值仿真

为探究出一套完整、准确的气动噪声仿真方法,用FLUENT和Actran仿真Helmholtz共振腔旁接管道系统模型.针对流场仿真,采用六面体网格建模,分析选择合适的网格密度,明确网格及边界条件的影响,以获得准确的声源信息;运用Lighthill声类比方法对声场进行仿真,采用数值计算、传声损失仿真和气动噪声仿真计算等3种方法提取管道内部场点声压级频谱曲线,分析曲线峰值频率特征,包括共振频率分析和声模态分析等.采用CFD软件与声学仿真软件相结合的方法,可以有效进行流场和声场的仿真.     

大型车辆发动机冷却风扇流场的数值仿真方法

给出了发动机冷却风扇的数值仿真的建模方法和求解技术。以大型车辆发动机冷却风扇为研究对象,采用分区域划分网格的方法,运用滑移网格技术,对大型车辆冷却风扇三维流场进行了数值模拟和气动性能、气动噪声的研究。流场稳态模拟采用了基于雷诺平均的RNGκ-ε湍流模型,流场瞬态模拟采用了大涡模拟方法。给出了风扇流场的压力分析和速度分析,讨论了对风扇流量和气动噪声的影响因素。     

动车组司机室空调蒸发器气动噪声数值仿真

为研究动车组司机室空调蒸发器的噪声响应,建立某型司机室分体式空调蒸发器的计算流体动力学模型,采用FLUENT中的大涡模拟（large eddy simulation, LES）计算瞬态气动流场。对瞬态流场数据进行傅里叶变换,得到空气流场的频域数据。基于流场频域数据,采用Virtual.Lab的边界元法计算蒸发器的气动噪声,采用声压法计算蒸发器的辐射声功率,并与测试结果进行对比分析。结果表明：蒸发器出口位置气动噪声最高,最大声压级高于56 dB;最大声功率级出现在125~400 Hz的低频段;声功率级随着频率的增加逐渐降低,但在5 000 Hz的高频辐射中声功率级仍然超过55 dB,这表明空调蒸发器气动噪声属于宽频噪声;计算结果与测试结果吻合良好,验证声压法计算空调蒸发器气动声功率可行。     

基于仿真与实测的列车远场气动噪声分析

随着高速列车气动噪声诱发的铁路沿线噪声污染问题变得日益明显,需对高速铁路诱发的远场噪声特性进行研究。基于Lighthill声学理论,应用LES大涡模拟和FW-H声学模型对高速列车整车的气动噪声进行数值模拟,实测高速列车以300 km/h运行时的通过噪声,将仿真与实测进行对比分析。高速列车诱发的远场气动噪声是宽频带噪声,能量主要集中在200~1500 Hz的中低频带范围内。实测与仿真的噪声声压级频谱分析具有相似的变化趋势,但声压级数值不同;由于实测噪声数据不仅包括气动噪声,还包括轮轨、集电系统噪声等,所以实测数据普遍大于仿真结果。通过对比分析验证了仿真结果的科学性,为数值模拟方法研究高速列车气动噪声问题提供了科学依据。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.