西部地区旅游管理硕士专业学位研究生培养实践与探索--基于桂林理工大学的考察

旅游管理硕士专业学位教育自2011年正式实施招生培养,三年多来,随着招生规模的不断扩大,旅游管理硕士专业学位教育培养模式的改革也成为各培养单位研究和实践的热点问题。文章通过以桂林理工大学为例,对西部地区旅游管理硕士专业学位研究生培养现状进行考察,并据此提出进一步促进该区域旅游管理硕士专业学位研究生教育改革的对策建议。     

建筑与土木工程全日制专业硕士培养方案分析与改革建议

中国基础设施建设快速发展,急需培养大量具有一定理论基础和实践经验的高层次专业人才。目前中国建筑与土木工程专业学位硕士研究生的培养体系仍存在许多不足。通过收集广东省内高校的硕士培养方案,分析现有建筑与土木工程全日制专业学位硕士研究生培养体系的特点,结合国内土木工程行业的发展趋势以及现有土建类硕士研究生教育体系的研究成果,针对全日制专业学位硕士的培养目标、培养模式、课程设置和评价标准提出改革建议,以期为完善建筑与土木工程全日制专业型硕士教育体系提供参考。     

城市规划专业学位硕士研究生课程教学改革研究

培养面向职业需求的专业学位研 究生是新时代发展的必然要求。在分析城 市规划专业学位研究生教育发展需求的基 础上,从课程设置、教学模式、教学组织等 三个方面剖析了专业学位研究生课程教学 的现存问题,提出了通过模块化教学构建 针对性教学体系、强化实践性教学环节、创 新多样化教学方法等课程教学改革设想, 以期提高城市规划专业学位硕士研究生的 培养质量。     

以行业发展为导向的材料工程领域全日制专业学位硕士研究生培养研究与实践——以重庆大学材料工程领域为例

培养有特色、高质量的全日制专业学位硕士研究生,尤其是工程领域专业学位硕士研究生,是重庆大学研究生教育发展的战略重点。文章以重庆大学材料工程领域全日制专业学位硕士研究生的培养为例,分析了开展全日制专业学位硕士研究生培养模式研究的必要性,确定了以行业发展为导向的材料工程领域全日制专业学位硕士研究生培养目标,形成了以知识、能力、素养为核心要素的培养模式。对课程设置、师资队伍建设、实践基地建设等方面改革实践的成效进行了总结,指出了存在的主要问题并给出对策建议。     

关于建筑学硕士专业学位研究生培养方案的教学研究——以天津大学建筑学院为例

积极发展硕士专业学位研究生教育,培养适应社会需求的高层次应用型专门人才, 是当前我国研究生教育改革和发展的重要内容。论文在解读教育部和住建部相关指导文件, 比对国际建筑学专业教育常规做法的基础上,从培养目标、学制年限、教学框架、主干课程 等方面探讨了建筑学硕士专业学位的培养模式,并结合天津大学建筑学院的教学特点,初步 建立一套适应建筑学硕士专业学位教学的培养方案。     

经贸类学术型与专业学位研究生专业能力协同提升体系研究

研究生培养实践中,一些高校倾向将学术型与专业学位硕士研究生的专业能力提升割裂开来,导致教育资源布局的不合理。聚焦经贸类硕士研究生教育,认为创新能力、实践能力、研究能力和综合素养均是经贸类学术型与专业学位硕士研究生专业能力体系框架的重要组成部分,区别在于两类硕士研究生在每项能力上的具体表现形式不同;同时承担两类硕士研究生培养任务的单位必须考虑到共同追求和差异特征,进而从共享课程、师资培训、学位论文等方面入手设计更高效的硕士研究生培养模式,并借鉴PDCA模型赋予其动态可持续改进特征,实现经贸类学术型与专业学位硕士研究生专业能力的协同提升,提高研究生教育质量。     

基于结构方程模型的专业学位硕士研究生创新能力形成路径探讨

培养创新型专业学位硕士研究生是国家实施创新驱动发展战略的迫切要求。结合目前专业学位硕士研究生的工程创新能力现状,利用专业学位研究生创新能力调查数据,运用结构方程模型从三个维度研究创新能力影响因素及相关因素的作用机理。研究表明,创新能力影响因素中创新能力外在条件的权重最大,教学因素与导师能力是重要因素;经费投入与培养管理过程质量正向相关;专业实践环境条件与创新目标达成度正向相关;激励政策对科研辅助条件有直接正向影响;成绩考核体系和心里驱动是创新动机的重要要素。提出加大专业学位硕士研究生创新能力培养经费投入,多元化筹集人才培养经费;健全专业学位硕士研究生专业实践培养制度体系,科学设置专业实践项目,积极培育良好的实践环境;建立创新实践的长效机制与考核政策,完善创新人才培养评价与监督管理制度等建议。     

专业学位课程体系与高级工程师岗位能力匹配度实证研究

专业学位研究生课程体系设置直接影响高级工程师岗位能力培养。课题组以我国安全工程专业学位课程内容设置为例,采用调查问卷和统计学方法,分析安全工程专业学位研究生课程体系和岗位能力需求关系、职业定位显性指标和岗位能力需求之间的数据关系,并定量化处理高级工程师岗位能力与职业定位和课程体系之间的匹配度关系,这一研究为专业学位研究生根据职业岗位需求合理选择课程有较强的指导意义。     

全日制建筑与土木工程专业学位研究生实践能力培养探讨

结合全日制专业学位培养高层次应用型专门人才的目标定位,探讨了现阶段全日制建筑与土木工程专业学位研究生实践能力培养存在的问题,建议面向土木工程行业需求,从课程设置、教学方法、导师队伍、评价体系、实践过程管理等方面进行综合改革与探索,结合学校办学优势和特色,寻求全日制建筑与土木工程专业学位研究生实践能力培养的合理模式。     

新时期全日制艺术硕士专业学位研究生培养方案优化改革探讨——以南京艺术学院为例

该研究阐述了新时期研究生培养方案优化改革的必要性,介绍并分析了南京艺术学院全日制艺术硕士专业学位研究生培养方案设置和运行现状以及存在的问题,最后根据教育部关于推进专业学位研究生培养模式改革的有关文件精神,以指导性培养方案为修订的基本依据,结合学校多年的研究生教育改革经验,从课程体系、实践环节、毕业考核环节和实践基地四个方面提出了优化措施。     

治疗性单克隆抗体药物的现状及发展趋势

治疗性单克隆抗体药物经历了三十多年的发展,已经成为生物医药的最重要组成部分之一。在疾病治疗上具有广阔的应用前景,成功用于治疗肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病和移植排斥反应等多种疾病。截至2012年已有29种治疗性单克隆抗体药物通过FDA审批并上市销售。治疗性单抗的安全性和有效性很大程度上由其作用的靶点决定,上市和在研的单抗药物有些靶向相同的靶点,有些有自己独特的作用靶点,新的作用靶点也在不断出现。以治疗性单抗的作用靶点为切入点,对目前上市销售和研发中的此类药物进行了简要总结。详述了肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞分化抗原20、表皮生长因子受体及血管内皮生长因子等4种靶点的特点及相关单克隆抗体药物的情况,并对我国单抗药物的现状进行了分析,提出未来发展对策。     

The Benefits and Costs of Residential Mobility Programmes for the Poor

By enabling low-income families to move from high- to low-poverty neighbourhoods, tenant-based rental subsidies for poor families have the potential to reduce the degree of economic segregation in the US. This paper provides a framework for identifying the benefits and costs of such housing mobility programmes, and reviews the available empirical evidence on the net effects of quasi- or formal randomised housing mobility experiments. The best available evidence suggests that families in public housing who receive rental subsidies to move from high- to lower-poverty areas may experience reductions in welfare receipt and improvements in health status. Such moves may also improve schooling outcomes for children and reduce their problem behaviours. The benefits to society from these changes are substantial when measured in dollar terms. Unfortunately, very little is currently known about the effects of housing-mobility efforts on non-participants.     

Will Dispersed Housing Programmes Reduce Social Problems in the US?

In recent years, US policy-makers have given increasing emphasis to geographicallydispersing recipients of housing subsidies, based on the assumption that residence in concentrated poverty neighbourhoods abets socially dysfunctional behaviours. The paper assesses this assumption, both theoretically and through a metaanalysis of extant empirical studies. It demonstrateshow only modest differences in the functional relationship between spatially concentrated poverty and resultant socially problematicbehaviourswill radically affect conclusions about the desirability of housing dispersalprogrammes.Dispersalwill only lead to a net reduction in problem behaviours in society as a whole if the relationship between neighbourhood poverty rate and individual propensity to engage in problem behaviours is characterised by a positive threshold or by an increasing marginal impact. Three types of empirical studies are reviewed in an attempt to ascertain the state of knowledge regarding the nature of this functional relationship: (1) case studies of participants in dispersed housing programmes; (2) statistical studies of property value impacts of dispersed housing programmes; and (3) statistical studies of the neighbourhoodcorrelates of the behaviour of individuals. Meta-analysisconcludes that the evidence is thin and contradictory.Thus, the US now faces the unenviable situation of having adopted a major housing strategy with only a shred of evidence to suggest what effect it might have on aggregate social problems.     

Instrumental and Interpretative Methods in Evaluating Urban Programmes

The turn within urban policy to address increasingly complex social, economic and environmental problems has exposed some of the fragility of traditional measurement models and their reliance on the rational paradigm. This article looks at the experiences of the European Union (EU) Programme for Peace and Reconciliation in Northern Ireland and its particular attempt to construct new District Partnerships to deliver area-based regeneration programmes. It highlights the need to combine instrumental and interpretative evaluation methods in an attempt to explain the wider contribution of governance to conflict resolution and participatory practice in local development. It concludes by highlighting the value of conceptual approaches that deal with the politics of evaluation and the distributional effects of policy interventions designed to create new relationships within and between multiple stakeholders.     

Forced Relocation vs. Voluntary Mobility: The Effects of Dispersal Programmes on Households

The deconcentration of poverty in the US has involved both voluntary mobility programmes for low-income households and involuntary relocation of families through government action. This paper examines the effects on families of these two different strategies. Using data on over 600 families in the Twin Cities region of Minneapolis/Saint Paul, the study reveals only sporadic support for the hypothesis that voluntary or involuntary participants in the deconcentration effort will report improvements in their living conditions, or report better conditions than a control group of public housing and Section 8 residents. Several possible explanations for the lack of programme effects are offered.     

Strategies for Handpump Water Supply Programmes in Less-Developed Countries

ABSTRACT Community water supply programmes in developing countries frequently utilize wells or boreholes equipped with handpumps as the technology of choice. Whilst simple targets concerning numbers of wells to be drilled or villages to be served are often prominent, the wider objectives of such programmes are rarely expressed in quantified terms and, as a consequence, programme impact is often disappointing as well as difficult to evaluate. Because objectives are not clear, programme strategy fails to include all the issues and activities which are necessary to achieve the maximum beneficial impact on participating communities. In the paper, target objectives, checklists of programme activities, and staffing requirements are proposed. The subject of programme impact is briefly discussed, and a realistic approach to programme evaluation is outlined. The paper is intended both as an aid to project planners and as a guide to managers and evaluators of existing well-handpump programmes.     

斜坡上的城堡——忆爱丁

前序离开爱丁堡两个月,记忆像潮水不时地涌流,对城市的印象像海绵一般膨胀起来。描述今天的爱丁,应该包含她的过去,然而这城不愿轻易泄露,而是把过去像掌纹一样藏起来,写在街角、在窗子里、在楼梯的扶手上、在屋顶的烟囱上、在旗杆上,每个角落都有时间的痕迹、刻凿的痕迹、涂鸦的痕迹……     

地铁工程球状风化专题勘察方案研究

球状风化(俗称"孤石")对地铁盾构工程施工极为不利.本文结合工程实例,论述了地铁工程开展球状风化专题勘察的必要性,并以深圳某地铁工程为例,通过分析球状风化对地铁工程不同工法的影响以及处理孤石的方法,合理地推荐了球状风化专题勘察的实施范围;通过对不同类型勘察方案进行多因素综合比较,推荐了专题勘察布置方案,并就专题勘察的实...     

Policies and Programmes for Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods: Recent English Experience

This paper sets out to review to what extent policies aimed at improving the quality of ‘council-built’ neighbourhoods achieved their objectives in the period 1975–2000, and the relevance of the experience for current policy. It discusses the main approaches to and diagnoses of problem estates, including the failure of the welfare state, the absence of enterprise, the failure of housing management, ‘housing is not enough’ and ‘effort fragmentation’, and provides an evaluation of the impacts of the main programmes, based mainly on the results of official evaluations. The paper notes the difficulties in making assessments of impacts in this area due to data shortcomings, but concludes that over 20 years of policies and programmes did not resolve the complex problems of these estates, nor reposition council-built estates from the bottom of the residential hierarchy. It suggests the reason for this failure was partly that the macro-economic climate and other government policies were countervailing, but also that policy lacked both clear goals and a good understanding of the problems to be faced. It also notes that housing improvements were often compromised by the failure to deal with wider problems. The paper argues that recent policy shows more promise, and seeks to better integrate mainstream spending programmes with area initiatives, although there is little evidence yet on how this is really working.     

浅谈我国城市水污染及控制规划的状况

文章重点研究了我国城市水污染以及控制规划方面的问题。本文结合 A 市实际情况,在对本区域内水体污染现状进行分析的同时,研究了在对水污染进行控制规划过程当中需要遵循的基本原则,最后研究了水污染控制规划中的几点关键措施与方法,望能够引起相关从业人员的重视。