大同地区辽代墓葬壁画中天象图新探

大同地区多辽代壁画墓,学界的研究重点主要在墓室下部壁画内容,但并未过多关注穹顶壁画。虽然其构图内容简单,但是从整体上看大同地区辽代壁画墓绝大多数都出现天象图。北方民族的天文星象学走着一条文化开放的道路,构成北方民族在文化上的开放性、容纳性与空前的活力。辽代的大同地区墓室中天象图,不以科学论高低,它显示的是中华北方民族的宇宙意识与宗教感情。     

从应县木塔秘藏看辽代西京地区雕版印刷业的兴盛原因

应县木塔辽代秘藏的发现,给辽代雕版印刷研究提供了有力的实物证据。归纳辽代西京地区雕版业兴盛的原因,主要有五个方面:一是西京大同曾是北魏国都和辽代行都,文化传统深厚;二是辽代推行尊孔崇儒国策,大力发展文化教育;三是北魏至辽代信奉佛教,佛经刻印盛行;四是西京地区农牧业和手工业发达,经济相对发达;五是西京地区交通便利,人口密集,便于书籍流通。以上因素造就了辽代西京地区发达的雕版印刷业,为金元雕版业走向繁荣打下了坚实基础,也为中华多元文化的融合和发展做出了贡献。     

辽代游牧行营景观的空间布局及人地关系特点解析

辽代契丹行营是中国北方典型的古代游牧景观,行营的空间布局方式在一定程度上反映了当时的社会结构和生活方式。通过解读《辽史·营卫志》、明摹宋本《胡笳十八拍》画卷、辽代墓葬壁画以及吉林乾安春捺钵遗址群考古报告中的契丹游牧行营空间意向,阐述契丹行营游牧景观的要素构成特点。同时将行营景观空间解构为游牧空间单元、游牧空间组团和游牧空间社区3种形式,并整理对应的车帐、营盘和聚落空间图式语言。分析辽代游牧行营景观空间的形态结构特征及其与自然环境的紧密依存关系,解读其人地关系特点对当代草原游牧文化建设的启示作用。     

古埃及新王国时期和中国唐朝墓室壁画艺术比较研究

该文从墓室艺术中的雕塑、建筑、壁画等方面出发,主要论及墓室壁画艺术。通过比较分析古埃及新王国时期和中国唐朝墓室壁画艺术产生的背景、文化特征、艺术形式、表现技法、装饰风格等内容,探讨二者墓室壁画艺术的异同,以及二者所反映出的生活追求、审美意趣、社会形态、文化环境等多方面内容,以探求早期艺术创作的规律。     

大同观音堂壁画

大同观音堂为雁北地区著名的观音信仰胜地,其观音殿中保留有清代壁画约70平方米。本文对观音堂画的内容、制作年代和价值进行分析,力图揭示观音堂观音信仰背后的文化内涵,彰显观音堂壁画的历史、艺术和科学价值。     

大同金代张澄石棺铭跋

大同发现的金代张澄石棺铭显示其所属的张氏墓地是按照五音姓利原则来规划的。在燕云地区,类似的资料还有辽代两例,并可溯源至唐代。这说明燕云地区的五姓葬法,系唐、辽、金一脉相承而来,与中原北方地区宋元墓葬习见的同类葬俗并为唐代以降之两流。     

大同华严寺薄伽教藏殿的辽塑及经橱

大同下华严寺薄伽教藏殿的辽塑和经橱,是佛教雕塑向民族化、世俗化和人性化方向发展的重要里程碑,是中国古代按照《营造法式》完成的小木作实物的典范,代表了11世纪中国建筑与雕塑艺术的最高水平。它反映了东北亚地区佛教建筑文化的最高成就,是燕云地域文化与中原文化融合的杰出范例。其所储存的大量辽代传统文化信息,为后人研究已经消失的辽代佛教文化提供了难得而独特的实例。     

大同辽代禅房寺砖塔探析

大同辽代禅房寺砖塔是山西省的八座辽塔遗迹之一,历史悠久,形制独特,是研究辽西京地区砖塔的重要实例。禅房寺砖塔周围环境险峻且恶劣,近年来对该塔现状的研究较少,而此前学界对其形制的描述也存在较大争议。在前人研究的基础上,对大同禅房寺砖塔的历史沿革、建筑形制进一步深入发掘与考证,同时梳理该塔现存的问题,为禅房寺砖塔的后续研究和保护提供资料。     

唐代墓室壁画人物对当代绘画的文化意义

文章从唐代墓室壁画中的人物造型出发,以线条造型为主,着重分析造型的程式化和写生性。唐代墓室壁画以简洁的绘画语言刻画人物,在单幅或多人物组合中显示出它的写生性,其处理手法为当代绘画的发展提供了多种可能性,产生了深远的文化意义。     

辽代契丹女性婚姻问题述论

作为北方游牧民族建立的政权,契丹族始终在辽代各项政策制定中占据主导地位。虽然受到汉族儒家文化及境内各民族杂居交往所带来的诸多影响,但依旧在婚姻中保留了许多本民族习俗。婚姻问题不仅可供后人管窥辽代社会及政治生活的缩影,也为其境内各民族间融汇交好提供了舞台。作为婚姻生活的主角之一,契丹女性在其中所扮演的角色及发挥的作用至关重要。     

干旱区绿洲环境下的新疆小城镇建设投资

一、研究区域基本现状新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,地貌轮廓表现为“三山夹两盆”,山地与平原的面积大致各占50%,镶嵌于戈壁沙漠的绿洲仅有7万平方公里。新疆土地面积166.49万平方公里,占全国总面积的六分之一。气候干旱,荒漠广布,是中国最大的干旱区,是亚洲干旱核心区,也是世界上著名的干旱区之一。水资源短缺,生态极度脆弱。新疆2004年底有1950万人,人均GDP已经超过了1000美元,城镇化进入了快速发展阶段,特别是小城镇的发展速度较快。但新疆特殊的干旱区绿洲环境,使得小城镇的发展存在许多问题。一是城镇规模小而散,基础设施配套差,城镇集散和…     

污泥制砖存在问题浅析

污泥制砖符合国家的环保政策,但在技术方面还待进一步创新和突破。为此分析了污泥制砖在技术方面、环保方面和社会大众认可方面存在问题及相应的改进措施。     

Levels of manganese in the urine of female farmers in non-polluted regions in Japan

Nearly 1500 urine samples were collected from female farmers in eight regions widely scattered in the islands of Japan in the winter of 1987-1988. The samples were analysed for manganese by wet ashing and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict quality control. The values observed after adjustment for a specific gravity of 1.016 were distributed log-normally with a geometric mean of 0.65 microgram/l and a geometric standard deviation of 2.47. There was no effect of aging or any effect of smoking on the urinary manganese concentration. The inter-regional difference may be present but not yet conclusive. As no sex difference was observed in a previous study, it may be possible to deduce that the value may possibly stand for the "background" level of both men and women, either smoking or non-smoking, among the general Japanese population. The observed value is discussed in comparison with values reported in the literature.     

Typification of Fires in Buildings in Spain

Although the Dirección de General de Protección Civil (DGPC), an agency of the Spanish government, has been responsible for the collection of data and the statistical analysis of fires since 1985, it has not as yet issued any reports. It is true that a couple of studies have been made, but in neither case did they use a standardized methodology but relied simply on the heterogeneous information provided by the fire brigades which cooperated in the studies. At that time Spanish fire brigades did not have special units for professional fire investigation, nor was the information derived from standardized methodologies suited to research purposes. In addition, information was extremely scarce and basic, focussed only on the fire, the use of the building and personal data of the victims. In this context, the project for a Fire Investigation Unit in the Fire Brigade of Málaga (the sixth largest Spanish province in inhabitants) was set up. Although inspired in the methodologies used in the USA and in the UK, the aim was to create a customized methodology for the first scientific investigation of fires in Spain. Our research was conducted in 2007. Using the methodologies of the USA and the UK, our own methodological approach and the Spanish regulations, we drew up a questionnaire with 110 variables arranged into 6 modules. We studied 96 fires out of the 154 emergency fire calls received in 2007, having omitted some emergency calls for various reasons. Our results revealed that it was necessary to generalize the installation of fire extinguishers in residential buildings, to train the general public in the use of these devices, to promote the use of fire and smoke detectors in residential buildings, to encourage the inspection and control of old electric installations and to monitor the new installations, to generalize the implementation of emergency and evacuation plans and to design new systems and materials for the cabinets where hand-held extinguishers are stored.     

分光光度法测水中余氯

介绍了用双硫腙分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法，阐述了其测定试验过程，根据试验结果显示，其结论符合国家标准，表明该方法可用于自来水等样品中余氯含量的测定，结果比较准确。     

莳花在城市绿化中的应用

目的:花化、香化、彩化已成为城市园林绿化的主要趋势,也是为满足人们对环境要求越来越高的一种心境。方法:选择采用莳花能表现出品种繁多,色彩艳丽等不同的方式,从而能在很大程度上丰富了植物造景的层次感要求。结果:能使其达到美化环境、增添节日气氛、提高绿化品质等方面有着突出的作用。结论:莳花造景对城市的美化可达到立杆见影效果,从而提高城市的形象和品位。     

Intersections of inequality in homeownership in Sweden

Abstract

Inequalities relating to ownership of housing have become a major issue de jour in many Western societies. This article examines how the distribution of homeownership in Sweden relates to two factors widely seen as significant to such inequalities, namely parental tenure status and place of birth. We use longitudinal registry data to examine the bearing of these two factors on individual-level tenure progression since the beginning of the 1990s for persons at different stages of their housing careers. We extend existing understandings of Swedish homeownership patterns by demonstrating that inequalities relating to place of birth and parental tenure intersect with one another in ways that substantially advantage certain subgroups while disadvantaging others, and by demonstrating that experiences of entry into homeownership have in recent years been changing in markedly different ways for these different subgroups. Overall, Swedish homeownership inequalities, far from dissipating, appear to be hardening along existing lines.     

遗传算法在边坡稳定系数计算中的应用

边坡稳定性的关键问题是确定最危险滑动面(潜在最危险滑动面)和边坡的稳定系数。国内外一般是采用先假定边坡滑移模式,然后近似确定最危险滑动面,再求近似的边坡稳定系数的方法来分析边坡的稳定性,但假设的边坡滑移模式难以反映边坡滑移的实际状态。因此本文探索利用遗传算法搜索最危险滑动面,并得到最小稳定系数及对应的最危险滑动面曲线,取得了较好的效果。     

日本城市浅层地下空间利用的新成就

本文结合日本川崎市站前广场和神户市哈巴兰德地区的立体化再开发，分析介绍当前日本浅层地下空间开发利用的成就和特点。     

地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道地质预报研究

针对地质情况复杂地区垫邻高速公路设计、施工中的具体问题，从地质预报的方法、原理方面入手，对地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道施工中的地质超前预报工作进行了深入的研究，在分析归纳的基础上，提出合适的工作方法。