高可见光透过、高紫外截止镀膜玻璃的制备

为了提高镀膜玻璃的可见光透过率, 本研究通过反胶束溶液刻蚀法制备出一种新型玻璃基板, 即表面多孔玻璃。玻璃表面形成了蜂窝状的多孔膜层, 减小了对可见光的反射率, 从而使可见光平均透过率提高了7%。通过一系列射频磁控溅射实验, 探索了可见光平均透过率高, 紫外阻隔率最高的最佳工艺条件。在此条件下, 分别在制备的表面多孔玻璃和普通玻璃上镀CeO₂/TiO₂防紫外线膜, 并采用紫外-可见分光光度计、SEM、XRD、XPS等测试手段对样品进行了分析表征。结果表明, 在相同的镀膜条件下, 当镀膜后表面多孔玻璃与镀膜普通玻璃的紫外光阻隔率均为99%时, 表面多孔玻璃镀膜后的可见光平均透过率为85%, 而普通玻璃镀膜后的可见光平均透过率仅为79%。此外, 玻璃表面上的孔结构还提高了薄膜与基板的接触面积, 使膜基结合力提高2倍左右。     

SO2提高太阳能玻璃透过率的作用机理分析

本文主要研究了SO2气氛下的热处理对太阳能玻璃透过率的影响,发现SO2气氛下热处理后的太阳能玻璃的透过率有所增加。通过紫外可见分光光度计测定了太阳能玻璃表面的反射光谱,利用场发射SEM观察其表面形貌和断面形貌,采用EPMA分析了太阳能玻璃的纵向成分分布,并探讨了SO2气氛下的热处理提高太阳能玻璃透过率的作用机理。     

多层增透膜对铒硼硅酸盐玻璃光学性质的影响

玻璃表面由于反射作用会使光能损失.为了减少玻璃表面的反射损失,可以通过在表面镀增透膜来解决.研究了多层增透膜对铒硼硅酸盐玻璃可见光透过率的影响.在理论上比较了不同膜系结构(层数不同)的增透膜对铒硼硅酸盐玻璃的增透效果.采用了六层膜的设计,并对镀膜前后玻璃的反射率和透过率进行了测试,玻璃在可见光区的430nm波段到800m波段的平均反射率从原来的7.5%左右下降到了1%左右,其吸收光谱曲线的最高透过率从未镀膜前的80%左右提高到了97%左右.同时,镀膜后的铒硼硅酸盐玻璃在0.53μm处的透过率仍然保持在0.01%(光密度D0.53=4),而可见光透过率达到了65%,比镀膜前提高了10%左右,玻璃的可视性得到了明显的改善.     

硫气氛下热处理后太阳能玻璃减反膜的透过率稳定性

太阳能镀减反膜玻璃作为太阳能电池盖板玻璃,需要长期暴露于室外,因此了解太阳能玻璃减反膜的透过率及其稳定性具有重要意义。本文主要研究了在一定湿度和一定温度环境下,硫气氛下和未通入硫气氛下热处理后的太阳能玻璃减反膜透过率的变化。通过岛津UV-3600测定了玻璃的透过率;利用Nexus傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和INVIA显微共焦拉曼光谱仪测定了太阳能玻璃减反膜的结构。研究结果表明:太阳能玻璃减反膜的透过率稳定性与不同气氛下热处理后的结构有关;在水侵蚀作用下,减反膜的透过率与水的结合类型有关。     

防护玻璃复合层表面改性及其性能

本文对防护玻璃复合层表面进行改性,通过抗弯强度、可见光透过率、粘结强度等性能表征研究了复合层材料表面强化改性对防护玻璃性能的影响。结果表明:表面强化后的无机玻璃抗弯强度增加,表面粗糙度变大,透光率降低;改性处理后的聚碳酸酯(PC)表面粗糙度增加,透光率下降;无机玻璃的表面强化、热塑性聚氨酯胶片(TPU)和PC的表面改性均有利于防护玻璃复合层间粘结强度的提升;此外,PC表面改性及胶片表面改性有助于防护玻璃耐热性能的提高;TPU胶片表面改性也有利于其抗紫外线性能的提升。     

Na_2SiF_6和ZnCl_2对玻璃防眩光效果的影响研究

采用X射线衍射法分析了防眩光玻璃蚀刻过程中生成晶体的种类;用X射线光电子能谱仪比较分析了反应前后玻璃表面化学成分的变化;用光电雾度仪比较分析了随着部分成分或外部条件的变化,玻璃的透过率及雾度的变化规律;用数码相机对玻璃蚀刻前后的防眩效果进行比较观察.在此基础上,探讨相关反应机理,并得出了玻璃最佳防眩效果所对应的条件.     

蓝宝石表面原位玻璃化处理及性能研究

采用表面原位玻璃化处理方法,可成功制备高透过率的蓝宝石样品.紫外-可见透过光谱的测试结果表明,未抛光的蓝宝石基体经过表面玻璃化处理后透过率得到了显著的提高.经过玻璃化处理,蓝宝石的理论透过率从85％提高到90.2％.同时,测量并系统地讨论蓝宝石样品的热膨胀系数(CTE)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、折射率和显微硬度等一系列性能.结果表明,该玻璃层具有热稳定性良好、显微硬度高且与蓝宝石的热膨胀匹配度良好,其诸多物理性能可以通过调整玻璃层的组成和厚度来调控.研究表明,表面玻璃化处理是减少蓝宝石抛光时间和成本、提高粗糙表面蓝宝石光学性能的有效方法,为蓝宝石表面处理技术的发展提供了有益指导.     

高透钻面玻璃在线连续镀膜技术研究

使用立式连续直线镀膜生产线,采用真空磁控溅射技术在玻璃表面设计并镀制了Nb2O5/Si O2/Nb2O5/Si O2/CNx多层纳米硬质增透薄膜,并研究其透过率、硬度及理化性能。结果表明:通过引入线性阳极层离子源,控制并形成新的磁控溅射镀膜工艺,钻面玻璃产品的表面硬度达994.8 HV,是普通玻璃的2倍以上;在可见光透过率≥94%,具有一定的增透效果;经过酸/碱/溶剂/热处理后的透过率衰减ΔT0.1%,理化性能优良。     

ZrO2-SiO2薄膜对离子交换增强玻璃的光学和力学性能影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃表面制备出ZrO₂-SiO₂薄膜, 然后通过离子交换形成镀膜增强玻璃, 研究了薄膜组成对离子交换增强玻璃的力学和光学性能的影响。利用紫外可见分光光度计、激光椭偏仪、纳米压痕、三点抗弯和能谱(EDX)分析了薄膜结构及性能。结果表明: 所有薄膜均连续均匀, 纯ZrO₂薄膜为四方相结构, 含Si薄膜为无定形结构; 薄膜具有较高弹性恢复率(>60%)以及H/E比(>0.1), 有利于强度增强; 随Si含量增加, 可见光透过率增大, 但表面硬度和杨氏模量随之降低; 0.5ZrO₂-0.5SiO₂薄膜综合性能最佳: 表面硬度为18 GPa, 抗弯强度为393 MPa, 厚度~45 nm时可见光透过率大于85%。     

P_2O_5-BaO-Al_2O_3-K_2O磷酸盐激光玻璃的表面处理

采用化学浸蚀与高温热处理相结合的方法来改善P2O5-BaO-Al2O3-K2O磷酸盐玻璃表面平整性、去除玻璃表面杂质,提高用管棒法制备光纤预制棒时纤芯和包层玻璃的表面质量,消除由于机械抛光工艺带来的表面缺陷和表面污染.实验研究了磷酸盐玻璃盐酸浸蚀的特性,分析了盐酸溶液与磷酸盐玻璃作用机制,并确定了浸蚀参数,9mol/L的盐酸溶液对此磷酸盐玻璃具有最大浸蚀速率,浸蚀30min后,可消除玻璃表面的划痕.盐酸溶液对玻璃的浸蚀反应使磷酸盐玻璃表面平整,但在玻璃表面产生了晶化覆盖层.通过进一步在拉丝温度下热处理,可使玻璃表面覆盖层重新非晶化,提高玻璃透过率.实验结果表明:化学浸蚀和高温热处理的复合方法是一种有效改善磷酸盐玻璃表面质量的途径.     

Narrowband Bragg reflectors in Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguides

Bragg grating reflectors etched in amorphous silicon overlay films have been integrated with Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguides to obtain a narrow (0.05 nm) reflectance spectrum with a > 20 dB dip in the transmittance spectrum. These results were realized at a wavelength of 1542.7 nm for TE polarization on an x-cut, y-propagating substrate with gratings etched to a depth of approximately 93 nm in a 105 nm thick silicon film over a length of 12.5 mm. The reflectance in the channel waveguides is found to be strongly dependent on the depth of the etched grating. The effect of the Bragg waveguide loss factor on the transmittance and reflectance spectra is investigated by using a model for contradirectional coupling that includes an attenuation coefficient. The values for coupling constants kappa and amplitude attenuation constants alpha of samples etched for different time durations to control the grating depths are obtained from the model through the use of the depth of the dips in the transmittance spectra and the spectral widths of the reflectance peaks. It is concluded that the corrugated Si overlay film increases the insertion loss by approximately 2.7 dB, and the loss is not significantly affected by the grating depth.     

Increasing the strength of glass by etching and ion-exchange

The tensile strength of ordinary soda-lime glass can be increased by an order of magnitude to 3×10⁵ psi^* by etching with hydrofluoric acid, but this high strength is catastrophically reduced by surface damage and by heating. But for the loss in strength on heating it would be possible to protect the etched surface from damage in handling by ion-exchange with the salt of a cation larger than sodium, which produces a compressive stress in the surface. This investigation showed that a major factor responsible for heat-damage in etched glass is water adsorbed on the surface, and that glass that has either been dehydrated after etching, or etched in an anhydrous reagent, retains a high proportion of its strength on heating. This result has made it possible to protect the surface of etched glass against abrasive damage by ion-exchange in molten potassium and silver nitrates. In this way, tensile strengths of the order of 10⁵ psi have been obtained in glass with a deliberately abraded surface.     

Improving low pressure chemical vapor deposited zinc oxide contacts for thin film silicon solar cells by using rough glass substrates

Compared to zinc oxide grown (ZnO) on flat glass, rough etched glass substrates decrease the sheet resistance (R_sq) of zinc oxide layers grown on it. We explain this R_sq reduction from a higher thickness and an improved electron mobility for ZnO layers deposited on rough etched glass substrates. When using this etched glass substrate, we also obtain a large variety of surface texture by changing the thickness of the ZnO layer grown on it. This new combination of etched glass and ZnO layer shows improved light trapping potential compared to ZnO films grown on flat glass. With this new approach, Micromorph thin film silicon tandem solar cells with high total current densities (sum of the top and bottom cell current density) of up to 26.8 mA cm^− 2 were fabricated.     

Polarization and incidence angle-dependent transmittance of transparent nickel electrodes with various thicknesses

The polarization and incidence angle-dependent transmittance of thin nickel film with various thicknesses deposited on glass substrates was first investigated by using a modified UV-Vis spectrometer. The thin nickel films showed relatively high uniform transmittance over a wide range of wavelengths, 300-1100 nm. The thickness-dependent dielectric and optical constants extracted from the experimental transmittance are significantly distinct from those of the thick nickel film. In particular, the p-polarized light transmittance largely increases with larger incidence angle, but the s-polarized light transmittance behavior is opposite from that of p-polarized light. The difference of the polarization-dependent transmittance increases parabolically with the incidence angle.     

Broadband antireflective glasses with subwavelength structures using randomly distributed Ag nanoparticles

We demonstrate broadband antireflective glasses with subwavelength structures (SWSs) using randomly distributed Ag nanoparticles. Ag nanoparticles formed by a thermal dewetting process were used as an etch mask for dry etching to fabricate antireflective SWSs on the glass surface. The size and shape of Ag nanoparticles are changed by the different thickness of the Ag thin film. The morphology of SWSs fabricated by using the Ag thin films is well consistent with that of the Ag nanoparticles. The single-side SWS integrated glass exhibits improved transmittance of approximately 96% at 750 nm due to the graded refractive index profiles, while the transmittance is only approximately 92.5% for the flat surface. To reduce Fresnel reflection at the other side of the glass substrate, the SWSs with optimized Ag film thickness and dry etching conditions are formed on both sides of the glass. The dual-side SWS integrated glass show an average transmittance of approximately 97.5% in a wavelength range of 350-750 nm. Transmission band shrinkage effects of the SWS integrated glass are also observed with increased average size of the Ag nanoparticles.     

Effect of substrate morphology on the nucleation and growth of ZnO nanorods prepared by spray pyrolysis

ZnO nanorods were prepared by a spray pyrolysis technique on both as-received and etched Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)/glass substrates. The morphologies of the ITO substrates, the ZnO nucleation mechanism and the development of ZnO nanorods on both types of ITO substrates were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy methods. It was found that the amount of nucleation sites on as-received ITO is significantly higher compared to that on the etched ITO. As a result, well-shaped, elongated, strongly c-axis-oriented ZnO nanorods were obtained on the etched ITO/glass substrates. In contrast, randomly oriented ZnO nanocrystals with different shapes and sizes, as well as low aspect ratios, were obtained on the as-received substrates. It was found that ZnO nucleation follows the grain-boundary nucleation mechanism.     

Spectral transmittance of organic dye-doped glass films obtained by the solgel method

The spectral transmittance of colored glass films synthesized by the solgel method is presented. The film was formed on a glass slide by dipping it into an organic dye-doped solution and, thereafter, by putting it into a furnace for solidification. Three dyes, Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Uranine, were used that exhibit transparent blue, pink, and yellow colors, respectively, when they are dissolved in the starting solution. We clarify how the spectral transmittance of the films varies with the solidification temperature. The films doped with two of the three dyes that exhibit violet, orange, and green colors are also synthesized, and their transmittance is measured. Moreover, the chemical durability of the films and the transmittance change caused by aging and illumination are examined.