新型七员环缩醛(酮)的催化合成研究

研究了在HMCM-22沸石分子筛催化下,1,4-丁二醇与环己酮、丁酮、丙酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、正辛醛、苯甲醛等10余种醛(酮)的缩合反应合成新型七员环缩醛。系统考察了反应时间、醛(酮)与醇的配比、HMCM-22沸石的用量及催化剂重复使用等因素对反应的影响,优化了反应条件。结果表明,当醛(酮)与1,4-丁二醇物质的量比为1∶1.5,催化剂用量为5 g/1 mol醛(酮),反应2 h,转化率一般可达95%以上,选择性一般可达95%以上。证明HMCM-22沸石分子筛对该缩合反应有较好的催化活性和选择性。     

FeCl3催化合成缩醛(酮)

研究了在FeCl3催化下,乙二醇与环己酮、丁酮、丙酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、正辛醛、二苯甲酮、苯甲醛等十余种醛（酮）的缩合反应。考察了反应时间、醛(酮)与醇的配比、FeCl3的用量及催化剂重复使用等因素对反应的影响,优化了反应条件。结果表明,当醛（酮）与乙二醇物质的量比为1∶1.2,催化剂用量为2 g/mol醛（酮）,反应2 h,转化率可达95%以上,选择性可达97%以上。证明FeCl3对该缩合反应有较好的催化活性和选择性。     

Ce（SO4）2催化合成缩醛（酮）的研究

研究了Ce（SO4）2催化乙二醇与环己酮、丁酮、丙酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、正己醛、正辛醛、苯甲醛等10余种醛（酮）的缩合反应。考察了反应时间、醛（酮）与醇的配比、KHSO4用量等因素对醛（酮）与醇缩合反应的影响。结果表明：当醛（酮）与乙二醇物质的量比为l：1．2,催化剂用量为1mol醛（酮）1．0g,反应2．0h,选择性一般在98％以上,转化率在92％以上。Ce（SO4）2对醛（酮）与醇的缩合反应有较好的催化性能。     

HAIMSU—S—Y介孔分子筛催化合成新型七元环缩醛（酮）的研究

研究了HAIMSU—S—Y分子筛催化1,4-丁二醇与环己酮、丁酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、正辛醛、苯甲醛等醛（酮）的缩合反应。考察了反应时间、醛（酮）与醇的配比、HAIMSU—S—Y分子筛用量等因素对醛（酮）与醇缩合反应的影响。结果表明,当醛（酮）与1,4-丁二醇摩尔比为1：1．5,催化剂用量为2g／mol醛（酮）,反应2h,选择性一般在97％以上,转化率也一般在95％以上,表明HAIMSU—S—Y分子筛对醛（酮）与醇的缩合反应有较好的催化性能。     

HZSM-5分子筛催化合成新型七元环缩醛（酮）的研究

研究了HZSM-5分子筛催化1,4-丁二醇与环己酮、丁酮、丙酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、正己醛、正辛醛、苯甲醛等10余种醛（酮）的缩合反应。考察了反应时间、醛（酮）与醇的配比、HZSM-5分子筛用量等因素对醛（酮）与醇缩合反应的影响。结果表明,当醛（酮）与1,4-丁二醇摩尔比为1：1．5,催化剂用量为2．5g／mol醛（酮）,反应2h,选择性在97％~E,转化率在90％以上,表明HZSM－5分子筛对醛（酮）与醇的缩合反应有较好的催化性能。     

NaH2PO4催化合成缩醛(酮)的研究

研究了NaH2PO4催化乙二醇与环己酮、丁酮、丙酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、正己醛、正辛醛、苯甲醛等10余种醛（酮）的缩合反应.考察了反应时间、醛（酮）与醇的配比和NaH2PO4用量等因素对醛（酮）与醇缩合反应的影响.结果表明,当醛（酮）与乙二醇摩尔比为1.0：1.5,催化剂用量为2 g/mol醛（酮）,反应2 h,选择性一般在98%以上,转化率也一般在90%以上.表明,NaH2PO4对醛（酮）与醇的缩合反应有较好的催化性能.     

HZSM-5分子筛催化合成1，3-苯并二嗯茂烷类化合物

研究了HZSM-5分子筛催化邻苯二酚与环己酮、丁酮、丙酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、正己醛、正辛醛、苯甲醛、二苯甲酮等10余种醛（酮）的缩合反应。考察了反应时间、酚与醛（酮）的配比、HZSM-5分子筛用量等因素对邻苯二酚与醛（酮）反应的影响。结果表明，当n（邻苯二酚）：n（醛（酮）]=1：1．4，催化剂用量为3．5g／mol邻苯二酚，反应5h，选择性一般在99．2％以上，转化率也一般在30％以上，表明，HZSM-5分子筛对邻苯二酚与醛（酮）的反应有较好的催化性能。     

碳基固体酸催化1，3-苯并二噁茂烷类化合物合成的研究

研究了碳基固体酸催化邻苯二酚与环己酮、丁酮、丙酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、正己醛、正辛醛、苯甲醛、二苯甲酮等10余种醛（酮）的缩合反应。考察了反应时间、酚与醛（酮）的配比、碳基固体酸用量等因素对邻苯二酚与醛（酮）反应的影响。结果表明,当醛（酮）与邻苯二酚物质的量比为1：1．4,催化剂用量为2g／1mol醛（酮）,反应2h,选择性一般在98％以上,转化率也一般在90％以上,表明,H13分子筛对邻苯二酚与醛（酮）的反应有较好的催化性能。     

HAlMSU-W-Y介分子筛催化合成新型七元环缩醛(酮)的研究

研究了HAlMSU-S-Y分子筛催化1,4-丁二醇与环己酮、丁酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、正辛醛、苯甲醛等醛(酮)的缩合反应.考察了反应时间、醛(酮)与醇的配比、HAlMSU-S-Y分子筛用量等因素对醛(酮)与醇缩合反应的影响.结果表明,当醛(酮)与1,4-丁二醇摩尔比为1:1.5,催化剂用量为2 g/mol醛(酮),反应2 h,选择性一般在97%以上,转化率也一般在95%以上,表明HAlMSU-S-Y分子筛对醛(酮)与醇的缩合反应有较好的催化性能.     

Hβ分子筛催化合成1,3-苯并二恶茂烷类化合物的研究

研究了Hβ分子筛催化邻苯二酚与环己酮、丁酮、丙酮、丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛、异戊醛、正己醛、正辛醛、苯甲醛、二苯甲酮等十余种醛(酮)的缩合反应.考察了反应时间、酚与醛(酮)的配比、Hβ分子筛用量等因素对邻苯二酚与醛(酮)反应的影响.结果表明,当醛(酮)与乙二醇摩尔比为1:1.4,催化剂用量为2g/1mol醛(酮),反应2h,选择性一般在98%以上,转化率也一般在90%以上,表明,Hβ分子筛对邻苯二酚与醛(酮)的反应有较好的催化性能.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。