步态康复训练机器人行走步态仿真研究

步态康复训练机器人是对下肢行走障碍患者进行步态康复训练的一种助力康复设备,其行走步态的研究对于控制方案的制定有着重要意义.本文作者提出了步态康复训练机器人总体结构设计方案,利用Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下的机构系统模块集(SimMechanics)建立了步态康复训练机器人系统的仿真模型,并将斯坦福OpenSim下肢肌肉骨骼模型得到的下肢关节运动数据作为设定输入对机器人进行了运动仿真分析和研究,为下一步机器人样机制作和实际控制奠定了理论基础.     

基于模糊PID的箱梁移动焊接机器人

针对结构化箱梁移动焊接作业需求,设计了一种新型六足轮腿式机器人及其控制系统。首先设计了机器人的本体结构模型;然后针对机器人模型进行了运动学分析与建模,规划了机器人的越障步态;同时为了保证机器人在直线运动过程中的稳定性,采用了模糊PID控制算法,再利用Simulink软件进行了仿真;最终搭建了实验平台进行实验测试。实验证明,基于模糊PID控制方法的轮腿式机器人的直线运动偏差相比于普通PID控制方法的更小,能够实现稳定的越障运动。     

气动肌肉驱动助力机械腿的机构动力学分析

为帮助下肢有功能障碍的病人进行康复训练,设计了以气动肌肉作为驱动器的下肢助力机械腿。建立了该装置的运动学与动力学模型,并进行了仿真研究。通过仿真,对装置各关节角度、驱动力矩和气动肌肉出力之间的关系进行了分析,为装置的进一步控制研究打下了基础。     

基于滑模PID控制的下肢康复外骨骼控制研究

为增强外骨骼机器人在医疗方面的康复效果,通过研究人体运动机理及人体各关节运动数据,设计了一款基于液压控制的下肢外骨骼机器人。首先,通过建立外骨骼动力学模型,基于拉格朗日法求出髋关节、膝关节处的驱动力矩,建立了髋关节、膝关节的动力学方程;针对动力学模型在实际计算过程中存在着误差及摩檫等因素影响,提出了一种PID和滑模控制相结合的控制算法;运用Matlab软件进行了模拟仿真实验,仿真结果表明,该控制系统能够使外骨骼机械腿达到良好的跟随效果;最后搭建样机实验平台,验证了控制算法的有效性,能够满足患者进行主动康复训练的需求。     

融合光纤感知的气动执行器夹持力控制策略研究

为了降低气动执行器夹持力/气压迟滞的影响,提高夹持力跟踪控制精度,提出一种基于Prandtl-Ishlinskii （P-I） 逆模型的前馈补偿结合模糊PID的控制策略。分析气动执行器的夹持力/气压迟滞特性,通过初载曲线法辨识迟滞模型参数,建立P-I逆模型;设计融合FBG力感知的模糊PID控制算法,基于自制的FBG传感器实现夹持力反馈,通过标定实验验证传感器的静态特性。在Simulink中构建前馈补偿和融合FBG力感知的模糊PID相结合的复合控制器,完成与传统PID以及模糊PID控制器的夹持力控制仿真对比。仿真结果显示：前馈补偿可以降低稳态误差,提高控制精度。最后,在气动执行器夹持力控实验平台上开展动态跟踪实验,验证了所设计复合控制器的有效性。     

球型机器人自平衡运动控制算法设计与研究

球型机器人具有结构简单、适应性好等优点。为了提高球型机器人运动稳定性,提出利用LQR并结合PID对球型机器人的自平衡运动进行控制。利用SolidWorks建立球型机器人的三维模型并搭建相应的物理样机;利用雅可比矩阵及等效一级倒立摆模型求出机器人的运动学和动力学模型;建立PID运动位置控制算法和LQR运动倾角控制算法,设计相应的PID和LQR运动控制器;利用MATLAB/SIMULINK对所建立的PID及LQR控制器进行仿真并分析;利用所建的物理样机进行实验验证。结果表明:利用PID结合LQR所设计的运动控制器及其控制算法是准确的,有效地提高了机器人自平衡运动的控制精度及稳定性。     

四足机器人运动分析及控制算法研究

为实现一种液压驱动的四足机器人稳定行走,针对JQRI00四足机器人进行了步态规划,并推导出其运动控制算法。根据前期对四足机器人的结构设计,建立其运动学模型,得到各关节运动的逆运动学分析。根据JQRI00的驱动特点,对其运动控制算法进行研究。并利用ADAMS对机器人进行仿真。仿真及控制系统实验的结果准确合理,表明所研究的步态规划正确可行,控制算法实时有效,为机器人后期的复杂动作控制提供参考。     

六自由度肩关节康复机器人设计与仿真

针对肩关节运动损伤康复训练问题,通过分析肩关节的运动方式,设计一种外骨骼肩关节康复机器人。对机器人的整体样机机械结构进行简单建模设计,并解决了肩关节旋转中心瞬时可变性的问题;通过D-H法推导出机器人运动学方程,并通过MATLAB验证了运动学方程的正确性。利用ADAMS软件中建立的虚拟样机模型,对机器人进行运动学和动力学的仿真,得到各关节角速度与时间的关系和各关节的驱动力矩曲线。最后通过蒙特卡洛法,计算出机器人末端运动的位置云图,得到机器人末端的运动范围。仿真分析验证了机器人结构的可行性和运动学方程的正确性,可以实现康复目的。     

基于Simulink Real-Time的dVRK机械臂实时控制研究

为提高dVRK外科机器人控制系统的快速响应性和控制实时性,基于D-H参数模型建立dVRK 七自由度机械臂的连杆模型。计算机械臂的齐次变换矩阵,为机械臂的实时控制提供参考。基于MATLAB/Simulink建立机械臂各关节的PID位置控制半实物仿真模型,实现机械臂末端的实时定点控制。结果表明：所提系统可实时准确地完成外科机器人机械臂的数据采集和相关控制算法的验证。     

气动人工肌肉并联驱动平台的模糊PID控制

气动人工肌肉是一种新型的气动执行器,具有重量轻、输出力/缸径比大等优点.设计了一种采用4根气动人工肌肉的并联驱动平台,并以高速开关阀控制气动人工肌肉实现平台的运动.为实现运动平台高精度的位置控制,针对该系统设计了模糊PID控制器,较传统的PID控制器,这种模糊控制器能够对PID的参数进行在线自动调整,因而能够满足变工况下的控制精度要求.实验结果验证了模糊PID控制器对于运动平台高精度位置控制的有效性.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.