Optimal tracking performance of communication-constrained systems under energy constraints

This paper investigates the optimal tracking performance of systems by considering packet dropouts, additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN), and coding under energy constraints. The optimal tracking performance of communication-constrained systems is obtained by spectral decomposition and partial factorization. The results show that the optimal tracking performance of the system is related to intrinsic properties such as non-minimum phase zeros and unstable poles. What's more, encoding, data loss rate, and AWGN are also able to affect the performance of the system. Finally, the correctness of the results is verified by specific examples.     

Regulation performance limitation of networked time-delay systems with incomplete information

In this paper, the regulation performance limitation of networked time-delay systems is studied. The communication network is mainly affected by parameters such as packet dropouts, encoding-decoding, interference signal, and channel noises. Non-minimum phase zeros, unstable poles, and time delay are all considered for a given plant. The corresponding regulation performance expression is derived using coprime factorization and spectral decomposition techniques in the frequency domain. The results indicate that the regulation performance of the system is related to the inherent characteristics of the given plant, including non-minimum phase zeros, unstable poles, and time delay. Additionally, network communication parameters such as white Gaussian noise, packet dropouts, encoding-decoding, and external interference signals all affect the regulation performance of networked time-delay systems. Finally, some simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theory.     

Optimal tracking performance of network time-delay systems with multiple constraints

This paper investigates the optimal tracking performance based on the codec, colored noise, and bandwidth constraints in the network time-delay systems. Choosing the optimal two-degree-of-freedom compensator and the dominant expression of the system optimal tracking performance is obtained after Youla parameterization by using the coprime factorizations method and spectral decomposition technology. The result shows that the tracking performance of the system is determined by the nonminimum phase zero and unstable pole of the controlled plant. Moreover, codec, colored noise, and bandwidth constraints can also significantly impact the performance. Finally, two simulation examples prove the accuracy of the theory.     

Optimal control of LQR for discrete time-varying systems with input delays

In this work, we consider the optimal control problem of linear quadratic regulation for discrete time-variant systems with single input and multiple input delays. An innovative and simple method to derive the optimal controller is given. The studied problem is first equivalently converted into a problem subject to a constraint condition. Last, with the established duality, the problem is transformed into a static mathematical optimisation problem without input delays. The optimal control input solution to minimise performance index function is derived by solving this optimisation problem with two methods. A numerical simulation example is carried out and its results show that our two approaches are both feasible and very effective.     

Delay-dependent consensus condition for a class of fractional-order linear multi-agent systems with input time-delay

The consensus problem of a class of fractional-order linear multi-agent systems with distributed control containing input time-delay is investigated. By adopting the frequency domain analysis and generalised Nyquist criterion for the fractional-order time-delay systems, the delay-dependent consensus condition is obtained. Then, we are interested in finding the maximum time-delay tolerance and give an exact formula for calculating the maximum time-delay to maintain the system is consensusable. As illustrated by the numerical examples, the proposed theoretical results work effectively and accurately.     

Iterative learning control for output‐constrained nonlinear systems with input quantization and actuator faults

In this work, we propose a novel iterative learning control algorithm to deal with a class of nonlinear systems with system output constraint requirements and quantization effects on the system control input. Actuator faults have also been considered, which include multiplicative, additive, and stuck actuator faults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported work in the iterative learning control literature to deal with quantization effects for the control input of nonlinear systems under the effects of actuator faults and system output constraints. Under the proposed scheme, using backstepping design and composite energy function approaches in the analysis, we show that uniform convergence of the state tracking errors can be guaranteed over the iteration domain, and the constraint requirement on the system output will not be violated at all time. In the end, a simulation study on a single‐link robot model is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

编解码和时延约束下的网络化控制系统最优跟踪性能

本文研究了具有丢包、时延、编解码等通信资源受限下多输入多输出离散时间网络控制系统的最优跟踪性能. 基于频域方法, 采用二元随机过程来模拟数据包丢失, 并假设信道噪声是加性高斯白噪声(AWGN), 推导了在丢包、信道噪声、时延和编解码影响下的跟踪性能极限. 采用单参数补偿器(SDOF), 利用互质分解、Youla参数化等工具得到了编解码和时延约束下的网络控制系统最优跟踪性能的显式表达式. 结果表明, 跟踪性能与对象的固有特性(非最小相位零点与不稳定极点的位置和方向)、时延、丢包率和AWGN 功率谱密度密切相关.     

一类具有输入时滞的时变离散系统的预见控制

针对一类具有输入时滞的时变离散系统,研究其预见控制问题.利用差分算子的性质,对系统的输入时滞项和目标信号进行差分处理,构造包含目标信号但不含时滞的扩大误差系统.基于最优控制和预见控制的相关理论,得到了扩大误差系统带有预见前馈补偿的控制器.进一步,利用矩阵分解方法,将高阶Riccati方程进行降阶处理,从而得到原时滞系统的预见控制器.最后通过仿真实例验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

Stability analysis and controller synthesis for discrete linear time-delay systems with state saturation nonlinearities

The problem of global asymptotic stability analysis and controller synthesis for a class of discrete linear time-delay systems with state saturation nonlinearities is investigated. With the introduction of a free matrix whose infinity norm is less than or equal to 1, the state of discrete linear time-delay systems with state saturation is bounded by a convex hull, which makes it feasible to apply a suitable Lyapunov functional to obtain a sufficient condition for global asymptotic stability. It is also shown that this condition can be extended to controller synthesis and discrete time-delay systems with partial state saturation. The obtained results are expressed in terms of matrix inequalities that can be solved by the presented iterative linear matrix inequality approach. The effectiveness of these results is demonstrated by some numerical examples.     

离散制造业能源模型及约束关系研究

为精细管理离散制造业能源,实现离散制造业节能降耗,针对离散制造业能源消耗分散、产品能耗统计困难的问题,建立了能源模型,包括能源需求模型、能源采购模型、能源存储模型、能源使用模型、能源分配模型和能耗核算模型。在此基础上研究了能源模型与制造过程的约束关系。开发了包括能源管理工具、能耗分类核算工具和能耗分析工具的离散制造业能源信息管理原型系统,并设计了相应的离散制造业能源数据库,使企业可以对能源使用进行精确、高效地管理。最后通过企业的应用表明了该工具有效、实用,并且大大降低了企业经营成本。     

具有丢包、通讯约束的非线性时滞网络化控制系统鲁棒故障检测

针对具有Lipschitz非线性时滞的网络化控制系统,研究系统具有丢包和通讯约束的故障检测问题.利用线性矩阵不等式设计故障检测滤波器,提出一种新的阈值计算方法,使得当系统在外部干扰情况下发生故障时残差评价函数能够迅速超出所设定的阈值,从而检测出执行器故障并使残差误差最小.最后通过仿真研究验证了所提出的方法能够更快速地检测出故障.     

基于强化学习的一类具有输入约束非线性系统最优控制

针对部分系统存在输入约束和不可测状态的最优控制问题,本文将强化学习中基于执行–评价结构的近似最优算法与反步法相结合,提出了一种最优跟踪控制策略.首先,利用神经网络构造非线性观测器估计系统的不可测状态.然后,设计一种非二次型效用函数解决系统的输入约束问题.相比现有的最优方法,本文提出的最优跟踪控制方法不仅具有反步法在处理...     

Global output feedback control of nonlinear time-delay systems with input matching uncertainty and unknown output function

This paper studies the problem of global output feedback control for nonlinear time-delay systems with input matching uncertainty and the unknown output function, whose nonlinearities are bounded by lower triangular linear unmeasured states multiplying the unknown constant, polynomial-of-output and polynomial-of-input growth rates. By constructing a new extended state observer and skillfully combining the dynamic gain method, backstepping method and Lyapunov–Krasovskii theorem, a delay-independent output feedback controller can be developed with only one dynamic gain. It is proved that all the signals of the closed-loop system are bounded, the states of the original system and the corresponding observer converge to zero, and the estimation of input matching uncertainty converges to its actual value. Two examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.     

Output regulation of discrete‐time linear plants subject to state and input constraints

Discrete‐time output regulation of linear systems with state and/or input constraints on magnitude is considered. Structural properties of linear plants are identified under which the so‐called constrained semi‐global and global output regulation problems are solvable. As in the case of continuous‐time systems, an important aspect of our development is a taxonomy of constraints showing a clear relationship between the constraint types and the output regulation results. Solvability conditions are developed for semi‐global and global output regulation problems. Appropriate regulators are constructed for problems that are solvable. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

具有完整约束的变质量系统的机械能守恒律

研究具有双面理想完整约束的变质量力学系统的机械能守恒律.首先,利用系统的运动微分方程,获得能量变化方程,并给出机械能守恒律存在的充分必要条件.然后,提出具有守恒律的27种情形.最后,举例说明.     

Lower bound of tracking performance with finite control energy and channel energy constraint

This paper studies the tracking performance of the single-input single-output (SISO), finite dimensional, linear and time-invariant (LTI) system over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with finite control energy and channel input energy constraint. A new performance index is proposed which is minimized over all stabilizing two-degree-of-freedom controllers. The explicit expressions of the lower bound of the tracking performance and the minimum of signal-to-noise required are obtained. The results show that the lower bound is correlated to the unstable pole, nonminimum phase zero and the channel scaling factor. Finally, one example is given to validate the conclusions by adopting the special inner-outer factorization.     

Robust adaptive control for a class of semi‐strict feedback systems with state and input constraints

This paper proposes a dynamic surface control (DSC)–based robust adaptive control scheme for a class of semi‐strict feedback systems with full‐state and input constraints. In the control scheme, a constraint transformation method is employed to prevent the transgression of the full‐state constraints. Specifically, the state constraints are firstly represented as the surface error constraints, then, an error transformation is introduced to convert the constrained surface errors into new equivalent variables without constraints. By ensuring the boundedness of the transformed variables, the violation of the state constraints can be prevented. Moreover, in order to obtain magnitude limited virtual control signal for the recursive design, the saturations are incorporated into the control law. The auxiliary design systems are constructed to analyze the effects of the introduced saturations and the input constraints. Rigorous theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed control law can guarantee all the closed‐loop signals are uniformly ultimately bounded, the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of origin, and the full‐state constraints are not violated. Compared with the existing results, the key advantages of the proposed control scheme include: (i) the utilization of the constraint transformation can handle both time‐varying symmetric and asymmetric state constraints and static ones in a unified framework; (ii) the incorporation of the saturations permits the removal of a feasibility analysis step and avoids solving the constrained optimization problem; and (iii) the “explosion of complexity” in traditional backstepping design is avoided by using the DSC technique. Simulations are finally given to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Backstepping control of flexible joint manipulator based on hyperbolic tangent function with control input and rate constraints

In this paper, we investigate the trajectory tracking problems of the link angle and angle speed of the flexible joint manipulator model based on external disturbance, the control input and rate constraints. The controller of the flexible joint manipulator model is designed using the backstepping control scheme. To achieve this objective, the smooth hyperbolic tangent function is used to solve the problems of control input and rate constraints, and the stability is proved using Lyapunov function in the design procedure of the backstepping control scheme. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed backstepping controller is verified by numerical simulation.     

实际输入饱和的一类非完整运动学系统的镇定

对一类非完整移动机器人提出了实际输入饱和下镇定控制器的设计方案.这种设计不是基于链式系统而是基于原始系统的.控制器的设计使用了滑模控制和多步控制策略,并用Lyapunov的思想证明了闭环系统的收敛性.最后,用设计的控制器对一类机器人进行了仿真,验证了方法的有效性.