基于有限时间扰动观测器的四旋翼编队控制

针对复杂飞行环境下的多四旋翼飞行器系统,提出一种基于有限时间扩张状态观测器的主从编队控制策略(FTESO-LFFC).对于领航者子系统,提出一种积分滑模控制(ISM)策略,通过引入的积分项,消除了传统滑模控制中的趋近阶段,提高了系统的鲁棒性.对于跟随者子系统,提出一种非奇异终端滑模控制(N TS M)策略,该方法在解决...     

Analysis and design of chattering‐free discrete‐time sliding mode control

In this paper, the disturbance observer–based chattering‐free discrete‐time sliding mode control (DSMC) approach is proposed for systems with external disturbances. The proposed disturbance observer, which makes full use of the state and input information at the current and last steps, improves the estimation accuracy and achieves accurate compensation for disturbances. Then, with the help of disturbance observer, a new reaching law, which contains not only a nonsmooth term with a dynamically adjusted gain parameter but also a second order difference of the disturbance, is proposed to reduce the range of the quasi‐sliding mode band and eliminate chattering. The proposed DSMC approach realizes the active disturbance rejection and strong robustness. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

一类未知MIMO非线性离散系统的改进自适应准滑模解耦控制

针对一类带有外部扰动的未知MIMO非线性离散系统,提出一种新型自适应准滑模控制算法.该算法基于非参数动态线性化技术,运用高阶滑模控制的思想实现带有扰动系统的二阶准滑模控制.同时,利用扰动解耦技术,在控制器的设计中引入离散扩张状态观测器(DESO)对系统各回路间的耦合以及数据模型的未建模动态进行补偿,以进一步实现多变量系统的解耦,提升控制品质.理论分析和仿真结果说明了所提出方法的有效性和可行性.     

带有干扰观测器的高超声速飞行器滑模控制

针对高超声速飞行器非线性和易受干扰影响的特点,提出了带有扩张状态干扰观测器的连续滑模控制方法.在对飞行器非线性模型做线性化处理的基础上,设计了一种连续时间滑模控制器.该控制器在对不确定性和未知动态保持鲁棒性的基础上,消除了传统滑模中存在的抖振现象.对系统中存在的外加干扰,设计了扩张状态干扰观测器.将外加干扰作为系统的一个状态变量被估计出来,再将估计值用作滑模控制器的补偿量,进而达到消除外干扰的目的.在高超声速飞行器巡航飞行状态的基础上进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,所提出的方案能够满足控制要求.     

PMSM调速系统的自学习滑模控制

针对永磁同步电机存在对外界扰动及内部参数摄动较为敏感的问题,提出了一种自学习滑模控制方法.该方法设计了一类非线性光滑函数,并将其应用于扩张状态观测器和滑模趋近律中,同时采用最速下降法对滑模控制器增益参数进行自学习实时更新.仿真结果表明,与常规PI矢量控制方法相比,该控制方法不仅响应速度快、控制精度高,而且对系统外部扰动具有很强的抗扰能力.     

DoS攻击下的幂次趋近律滑模控制系统稳定性分析

研究拒绝服务(denial-of-service, DoS)攻击下的n阶受扰系统基于幂次趋近律的滑模控制.首先,通过构造状态预测器重建攻击活跃期间丢失的系统状态,基于预测器状态和非光滑函数,设计能量受限型DoS攻击情况下的幂次趋近律滑模控制器,进一步分析保持系统稳定性的充分条件;其次,当系统存在外部干扰情况下,证明幂次趋近律滑模控制方法仍能保持非光滑控制器的强抗干扰能力;最后,通过数值仿真对所提出的理论证明结果进行验证.     

A second order discrete sliding mode observer for the variable structure control of a semi-batch reactor

This paper concerns the chattering elimination from discrete sliding mode observers. The dilemma chattering-precision, that characterizes the first order sliding mode observer in case of relatively large parameter variations and/or external disturbances, is discussed and the influence of the discontinuous term amplitude on the estimation performance is shown by a simulation example. The proposed second order discrete sliding mode observer is, then, introduced. The stability of a closed loop control system based on the proposed observer is analyzed. A real time application of the proposed observer incorporated into a 2-DSMC control loop of a chemical reactor is presented.     

Nonsingular terminal sliding mode based finite-time control for spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper studies finite-time attitude tracking control problem of a rigid spacecraft system with external disturbances and inertia uncertainties. Firstly, a new finite-time attitude tracking control law is designed using nonsingular terminal sliding mode concepts. In the absence and presence of external disturbances and inertia uncertainties, this controller can drive the attitude and angular velocity tracking errors to reach zero in finite time. Secondly, a finite-time disturbance observer is introduced to estimate the disturbance, and a composite controller is developed which consists of a feedback control based on nonsingular terminal sliding mode method and compensation term based on finite-time disturbance observer. Finite-time convergence of attitude tracking errors and the stability of the closed-loop system is ensured by the Lyapunov approach. Numerical simulations on attitude control of spacecraft are also given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controllers.     

基于扩张状态观测器的二质量系统非奇异快速终端滑模控制

针对含未知负载信息的二质量伺服系统,提出一种基于有限时间扩张状态观测器的非奇异快速终端滑模控制方法.首先,利用电机侧位置信息设计有限时间扩张状态观测器估计系统的扰动,并将估计值融入到控制器中作为前馈项对系统的未知扰动进行补偿;然后,引入一种新型的滑模趋近律,该趋近律能够避免传统滑模控制中存在的奇异性问题,据此设计非奇异快速终端滑模控制器,保证系统状态在有限时间内收敛到原点,并根据李雅普诺夫稳定性理论分析闭环系统的稳定性;最后,通过仿真和实验验证所提出方法的优越性.结果表明,与传统的PID等控制相比较,所提出的基于扩张状态观测器的有限时间滑模控制方法能够提高系统的跟踪性能,并有效增强二质量伺服系统的抗扰动能力.     

四旋翼飞行器自适应滑模控制设计

针对四旋翼飞行器姿态模型建模误差以及外部扰动不确定性的特点,提出了一种基于自适应滑模的非线性控制器。采用参数自适应控制方法逼近系统中的建模误差项,滑模控制方法进一步抵消系统建模误差以及外部不确定扰动项。并采用李雅普诺夫稳定法证明了所设计的控制器能够实现全局渐近稳定。最后,通过四旋翼姿态飞行实验,验证了文中所提出控制方法的有效性,能够实现小型四旋翼姿态的稳定控制,其抗扰性能优于传统PID控制。     

一种新的模糊滑模控制器设计方法

针对具有较大且不可观测外界干扰的一类不确定系统,提出一种新的模糊滑模控制器设计方法.首先基于模糊滑模控制原理,引入全局快速终端滑模控制,使系统在有限时间内达到稳态;然后构造以李雅普诺夫函数导数的绝对值为补偿的自适应干扰估计项,对外界干扰进行准确估计,进而提出一种双层递阶指数趋近全局快速终端模糊滑模控制器,通过指数趋近率来调节滑模面的动态品质,该控制器能快速收敛到稳定状态,且有效消除控制器的抖振情况;最后通过仿真算例验证所提方法的有效性.     

Sliding mode output‐feedback causal output tracking for a class of discrete‐time nonlinear systems

The output tracking (OT) of arbitrary references in discrete‐time (DT) nonlinear systems is addressed by designing an output‐feedback control. A set of difference‐algebraic equations is proposed as an exact solution of the problem. Using a novel technique of approximating DT functions, the system disturbance and steady states, characterized by tracking error identically zero, for both the system state and the control input, are represented as signals generated by a disturbed dynamic system. Using the mentioned dynamics, the control system is extended. Then, a state observer is proposed to estimate the resulting extended system state. Finally, a DT sliding mode controller is designed to achieve the approximate OT. Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

非仿射系统的自学习滑模抗扰控制

针对一类单输入单输出(single-input single-output,SISO)非仿射非线性系统的控制问题,提出了一种自学习滑模抗扰控制方法.该方法用非线性光滑函数设计扩张状态观测器,实现SISO非仿射非线性系统内部不确定性和外部扰动的扩张状态估计,并将扩张状态观测器(extended state observer,ESO)与自学习滑模控制技术融为一体,实现SISO非仿射非线性系统的自学习滑模抗扰控制.该方法不依赖受控对象的数学模型,可以快速跟踪任意给定的参考信号.数值仿真试验表明了该方法响应速度快、控制精度高,具有很强的抗扰动能力,因而是一种鲁棒稳定性很强的控制方法,在SISO非仿射非线性系统控制领域具有重要作用.     

The active disturbance rejection and sliding mode control approach to the stabilization of the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation with boundary input disturbance

In this paper, we are concerned with the boundary feedback stabilization of a one-dimensional Euler–Bernoulli beam equation with the external disturbance flowing to the control end. The active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and sliding mode control (SMC) are adopted in investigation. By the ADRC approach, the disturbance is estimated through an extended state observer and canceled online by the approximated one in the closed-loop. It is shown that the external disturbance can be attenuated in the sense that the resulting closed-loop system under the extended state feedback tends to any arbitrary given vicinity of zero as the time goes to infinity. In the second part, we use the SMC to reject the disturbance by removing the condition in ADRC that the derivative of the disturbance is supposed to be bounded. The existence and uniqueness of the solution for the closed-loop via SMC are proved, and the monotonicity of the “reaching condition” is presented without the differentiation of the sliding mode function, for which it may not always exist for the weak solution of the closed-loop system. The numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of both methods.     

Discrete-time extended state observer-based model-free adaptive constrained sliding mode control with modified prescribed performance via CFDL and PFDL

To tackle the trajectory tracking problem and achieve high control accuracy in many actual nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics and input saturation, a novel discrete-time extended state observer-based model-free adaptive constrained sliding mode control with modified prescribed performance is investigated via compact-form dynamic linearization (CFDL) and partial-form dynamic linearization (PFDL). Firstly, the original non-affine system is turned into an affine one comprising an unknown nonlinear term and a linearly parametric term affine to the input via both PFDL and CFDL. Then, a discrete-time extended state observer (DESO) is used to estimate the lumped disturbance containing the unknown nonlinear time-varying term and the term relevant to the estimation error of pseudo partial derivative (PPD) parameter. Furthermore, a modified prescribed performance function is introduced in the model-free adaptive sliding mode control scheme to keep the output tracking error in the prescribed bound without causing any asymmetric offset error in the steady-state. Meanwhile, to suppress the influence of input saturation on the control system, an anti-windup compensator is used. Finally, rigorous theoretical analyses show the robust convergence of the tracking error via the proposed CFDL and PFDL-based methods under external disturbances. Simulations verify the superiority of the modified prescribed performance function, DESO, and anti-windup compensator in the proposed method. Also, the effects of the PFDL-based method and the CFDL-based one are compared during the simulation.     

基于混合阈值事件触发机制的船舶自适应神经滑模控制

针对存在时变干扰和通信受限的船舶艏向保持控制问题, 本文设计了一种基于混合阈值事件触发机制的船舶自适应神经滑模控制算法. 首先, 采用径向基函数神经网络(RBF-NNs)对控制系统的模型不确定部分进行在线逼近. 其次, 构造了一种比例积分滑模面和基于混合阈值参数的事件触发规则来降低时变干扰引起的系统抖振和减少传输信道的通信资源占用. 并且在理论上分析了事件触发技术能够增强闭环控制系统对低频扰动的抗扰性. 最后, 通过Lyapunov理论证明了所提控制算法能够保证所有误差信号满足半全局一致最终有界稳定(SGUUB). 在时变干扰条件下进行数值仿真, 并且与现有控制技术进行对比, 仿真结果表明, 所提控制算法能够明显减少系统抖振和控制输入频率.     

基于干扰观测器的终端滑模控制研究

针对一类非线性不确定系统,提出一种带干扰观测器的终端滑模控制TSMC方案.在不考虑外部干扰的影响下,设计了终端滑模控制,保证系统状态在有限时间内收敛到零;当存在干扰时,构造了非线性干扰观测器系统,以在线逼近未知外部干扰,消除其影响.考虑输人通道的不确定性,采用自适应方法在线逼近不确定的上界,并采用Lyapunov方法严格证明了自适应闭环系统的稳定性.对一级倒立摆系统进行仿真,仿真结果表明了所设计控制方案的有效性.     

离散时间系统的滑模控制器设计与仿真研究

针对不确定性离散时间系统,分析和设计了一类变结构控制器。当存在外界干扰和不确定性时,系统状态也是全局有界稳定的。一个新的切换面作为系统的输出信号被提出,特别用来设计滑模控制器。系统状态一旦进入到准滑动模态,就对设备参数变化和外界干扰显示出强的鲁棒性,因为控制器的设计完全考虑了边界层的影响。外推法被用来估计不确定离散时间系统的不确定值。两种方法均有效地消除了系统的抖振,确保了系统的稳定性,且保证了变结构控制系统良好的品质。最后,仿真结果证实了所提出方法的有效性。     

永磁同步直线电机的分数阶超螺旋滑模控制

为了提高永磁同步直线电机的跟踪性能,增强系统的鲁棒性,本文提出了分数阶超螺旋滑模控制策略.首先,针对外部扰动以及系统的未知状态设计广义超螺旋观测器,其能够精确估计永磁同步直线电机的速度和外部扰动.其次,将分数阶理论和终端滑模控制理论相结合,提出有限时间收敛的分数阶超螺旋滑模控制器,以实现永磁同步直线电机的跟踪控制.最后,通过仿真对比验证所提方案的有效性.     

Discrete time output feedback sliding mode tracking control for systems with uncertainties

This paper describes a method for designing discrete time static output feedback sliding mode tracking controllers for uncertain systems that are not necessarily minimum phase or of relative degree one. In this work, a procedure for realizing discrete time controllers via a particular set of extended outputs is presented for systems with uncertainties. The conditions for existence of a sliding manifold guaranteeing a stable sliding motion are given. A procedure to synthesize a control law that minimizes the effect of the disturbance on the sliding mode dynamics and the augmented outputs is given. The proposed control law is then applied to a benchmark aircraft problem taken from the literature that represents the lateral dynamics of a F‐14 aircraft under powered approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.