木薯生料发酵工业化生产酒精的工艺研究

以木薯为原料,通过正交实验优化生料发酵生产酒精的工艺条件和工艺参数,并对工业化生产中的原料粉碎度、醪液浓度、杂菌的控制、发酵过程中还原糖和残总糖的变化进行研究.结果表明,用优化后的工艺进行木薯生料发酵工业化生产酒精,最终发酵周期84 h,成熟醪酒分12.7 %vol,残还原糖0.15 %,残总糖1.93 %.     

木薯生料发酵工业化生产酒精的工艺研究

以木薯为原料,通过正交实验优化生料发酵生产酒精的工艺条件和工艺参数,并对工业化生产中的原料粉碎度、醪液浓度、杂菌的控制、发酵过程中还原糖和残总糖的变化进行研究。研究结果表明,用优化后的工艺进行木薯生料发酵工业化生产酒精,最终发酵周期84小时,成熟醪酒分12.7%(V/V),残还原糖0.15%,残总糖1.93%。     

酒糟水为基质的固定化乳酸发酵

酒糟水用作发酵原料进行固定化乳酸发酵,乳酸菌于2.0%～2.5%的海藻酸钠溶液制作球形固定化细胞载体.用未经糖化过的酒糟水发酵产生乳酸为2.0%;用经过糖化处理的酒糟水为原料发酵产生乳酸,终浓度达6.8%.     

一株耐高温高产酒精酵母浓醪发酵工艺的优化

采用四因素四水平正交试验对一株耐高温高产酒精酵母A27的浓醪酒精发酵工艺进行研究.确定最佳发酵工艺条件:料水比为1:2,接种量4.5%.发酵时间84h,初始pH值4.5.在此条件下进行10L发酵罐小试,36℃发酵72 h后酒精体积分数为14.1%,残糖为0.313%.     

利用浓醪酒糟培养单细胞蛋白的研究

利用玉米原料酒精浓醪发酵产生的酒糟,对其培养热带假丝酵母生产SCP进行了初步的研究。经过优化后的发酵条件为：酒糟中添加0．2‰CaCl2和1．0‰KHEP04,起始pH为4．5,装液量为30mL／500mL三角瓶;发酵26h,获得的最高菌浓为11.3亿／mL;发酵过程中酵母基本消耗完酒糟中的糖,同时还消耗了酒糟中的有机酸。发酵得到的SCP样品中含水分9．47％,粗蛋白47．73％,真蛋白45．09％,取得了较好的效果。     

玉米酒精浓醪发酵工艺研究

采用安琪耐高温酒精活性干酵母，以玉米为原料进行浓醪发酵最适工艺条件的研究，结果表明，双酶法液化法，添加180u／g糖化酶，pH4．5-5．0，酵母接种量0．15％，适当添加无机盐和营养剂，发酵70h，最终达到发酵酒度14．7％(v／v)，残糖0．92％，残还原糖0．2％，淀粉利用率84．9％的良好效果。     

全玉米乳酸菌发酵饮料的研究

研究选用当年玉米为原料,经糊化、糖化等处理制成玉米汁,接种乳酸菌制作全玉米发酵饮料,并对发酵条件进行优化。通过正交实验得出最佳工艺条件为:在发酵液还原糖质量分数≤10%情况下,乳酸菌加入量为发酵液质量的1%,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间8 h。得到的发酵饮料原浆经糖酸比调整,口感良好,具有浓郁的玉米香味。活菌饮料保质期5 d,经72℃、10 min灭菌处理,可保持30 d。     

酒精浓醪发酵的试验研究

对酒精浓醪发酵工艺进行初步探索,在浓醪中添加酸性蛋白酶,缩短发酵周期,在起始总糖为28.25%的情况下,酒度提高4.87%,发酵时间缩短27h;酸性蛋白酶的最适添加范围为10～15 u/g干料,生产上考虑成本可选择在5～10 u/g干料间;酒糟滤液回用可提高发酵醪酒度近2%,且与酸性蛋白酶一起,比单独使用酸性蛋白酶酒度提高0.89%;木聚糖酶的添加使发酵成熟醪粘度降低,淀粉利用率提高.     

玉米生料发酵制乙醇

提出了以玉米为原料,生料发酵制乙醇的工艺。对各个影响条件进行了研究,获得了最佳的工艺条件：原料与水的比为1∶2.0;原料粒度小于0.45mm;糖化酶、液化酶和酸性蛋白酶的添加量分别为250u/g、5u/g和10u/g。在此条件下,醪液中乙醇浓度可达16.6%vol,淀粉利用率为92.7%。通过对发酵过程的分析,发现残余还原糖一直处于低水平,表明生料发酵工艺具有自身避免染菌的优势。实验表明,玉米生料发酵工艺简单、原料利用率和醪液酒精浓度均超过传统工艺。     

安琪耐高温酿酒高活性干酵母在酒精浓醪发酵中的应用

使用安琪耐高温酿酒高活性于酵母，以玉米为原料生产酒精，通过在发酵过程中添加复合酶，采用边糖化边发酵工艺，从三角瓶小试，到5t罐中试，取得了一定效果，残还原糖为0．21％，酒分达到13．6％(v／v)。同时证明了在稀醪条件下适当提高发酵温度可加快酵母的产酒，但在浓醪情况下，提高温度会增加乙醇对酵母的毒性，导致出酒率下降。     

以诚信谋发展用服务建和谐

安徽八一纺织器材厂坐落在美丽的国家森林公园、国家风景名胜区天柱山麓.创建于1981年3月,从加工纺织用刷、络纱纸管等手工产品起步,逐渐滚动发展,不断积累壮大,从过去的粗加工产品发展到现在的高新技术产品,实现了质的飞跃,发展成为国内较大的纺织橡胶产品专业生产企业.主导产品有"潜阳"牌BYC系列棉纺牵伸用丁腈胶辊胶圈、罗拉轴承、并条芯轴等,以免处理胶管、微处理胶管、铝衬套胶管、高速并条胶管、花纹胶圈、纯化纤纺胶圈、高速导丝胶圈等高新技术产品为代表的优质产品群现已形成.各项经济指标逐年稳步上升,自1991年以来连续盈利15年,2005年实现销售收入超亿元,上缴利税近千万元,跃升为全国纺织机械器材行业50强骨干企业,先后荣获国家守合同重信用企业、安徽省明星企业、省扶贫工作先进集体、省先进企业、省重合同守信用先进单位、省文明单位、"AAA"资信企业、省高新技术企业、省诚信守法先进单位、省A级诚信纳税企业等荣誉称号.     

CdTe量子点同步荧光法测定番茄中链霉素残留

采用水热法制备巯基乙酸修饰的CdTe量子点,基于链霉素对CdTe量子点同步荧光强度的增强效应,建立一种测定链霉素含量的同步荧光法,并对测定条件如缓冲溶液pH值、量子点浓度和反应时间进行优化。样品经甲醇超声提取后,加入含1.0mL CdTe量子点溶液(3.5×10~(-5) mol/L)和1.0mL Tris—HCl缓冲溶液(pH=6.0)的溶液中,室温反应10min后,测定反应体系在345nm处的同步荧光强度(Δλ=230nm)。结果表明,链霉素浓度在5.0×10-7~1.0×10~(-5) mol/L时与体系相对同步荧光强度存在良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 7,检出限为1.0×10~(-8) mol/L。该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏度高,可用于番茄样品中链霉素残留的测定。     

Free radical formation by Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is enhanced by antioxidants and decreased by catalase

Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM was found to increase the production of transient radicals during growth in a 1:1 mixture of brain heart infusion broth and de Man–Rogosa–Sharpe broth as detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using spin trapping. During growth of L. acidophilus NCFM addition of quercetin, rutin or a whey protein hydrolysate, normally all with antioxidant activity, further increased formation of transient radicals. Such increase in the level of radicals in the growth medium did not have an adverse effect on the viability of L. acidophilus NCFM, but may be involved in inhibition of pathogenic bacteria by L. acidophilus. Catalase decreased the production of radicals without effect on the growth of the catalase-negative L. acidophilus NCFM, whereas superoxide dismutase had no effect on radical production, but hampered bacterial growth. The effect of catalase may be explained by non-radical removal of hydrogen peroxide otherwise being a precursor for hydroxyl radicals formed by transition metal catalysis. Metal ion concentrations decreased in the medium during bacterial growth, which may be the result of transport across bacterial membranes of redox active metal ions like iron and copper chelated by the antioxidant competing with reductive cleavage of hydrogen peroxide forming hydroxyl radicals. Antioxidants may accordingly promote probiotic effect of catalase-negative bacteria through increased formation of reactive oxygen species.     

微生物对果饮料质量影响研究

在果汁加工链上,任意一道工序都可能造成果饮料原料一水果的腐坏.从原料水果的采摘到成品果汁的销售这一系列过程中,产品质量降低导致在激烈市场竞争中公司名誉下降的结果,使制造商损失惨重.     

食用油压榨法和浸出法工艺的区别

编者按:8种食用植物油国家新标准的修订,是近两年来国内外油脂行业及农业、食品、轻工、进出口贸易、海关等部门十分关注的一件大事,经过两年多的努力,8种食用植物油国家新标准现已全部颁布,国家质检总局和国家标准化管理委员会已于2004年分别颁布实施了大豆油、花生油、棉籽油、葵花籽油、玉米油、米糠油、茶籽油等新标准,菜籽油新标准也将于2005年2月1日起实施,这是我国油脂界的一件大事,对新标准的具体实施过程中各个方面还存有这样那样的一些疑虑和认识上的偏差.本期<中国油脂>杂志刊出了我国著名油脂专家丁福祺教授级高级工程师对新标准中有关食用油压榨法与浸出法工艺的界定,特别强调了能上市的成品食用油,不管是用哪种工艺生产的,只要达到了国家标准规定的指标,都是可以放心食用的.同时,我们还约请食用植物油国家新标准的主要起草者--国家粮食储备局西安油脂科学研究设计院检测中心副主任薛雅琳高级工程师就最新颁布的菜籽油国家新标准中的条文和相关指标进行了详尽解释和说明.     

Iron Binding by Fiber is Influenced by Competing Minerals

Iron was bound by neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibers extracted from cooked pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Soluble iron (total iron minus bound iron) in the presence of NDF was increased from 13.11 ± 5.08 to 35.58 ± 9.20% and from 22.22 ± 164 to 29.98 ± 0.96% when 1.17 and 1.38 ppm (18.4 and 21.4 PM) of copper and zinc were added, respectively. In contrast, 0.93 μm (14.6 PM) of copper decreased the soluble iron from 61.02 ± 5.77 to 17.88 ± 4.5% in the presence of ADF. Neither magnesium or cobalt altered the amount of soluble iron in the presence of fiber. The change in soluble iron was directly proportional to the concentration of copper and zinc. The presence of two types of binding sites is proposed.     

Water Vapor Uptake by Fat-Free Apple Chips Decreased by Emulsifiers

The critical moisture sorption times of fat‐free apple chips varied from 29 min at 82% RH and 30 °C to over 24 h both at 34% RH, 20 °C and at 45% RH and 10 °C. Some emulsifiers added to the solution of carbohydrates used to treat apple slices before drying effectively decreased chip hygroscopicity. It was found that sodium stearoyl‐2‐lactate, sucrose esters, monoglycerides and their citric acid esters did not adversely affect flavor or texture of apple chips. During 3 h of exposure at 20 °C and 54% RH chips treated with these emulsifiers adsorbed from 14 to 25% less moisture than the untreated ones.     

超声辅助细胞转型的谷氨酸发酵工艺

为了进一步提高谷氨酸菌体细胞膜的通透性和谷氨酸产量,采用超声辅助谷氨酸发酵。通过单因素及正交实验研究,确定了最佳超声条件为超声时间50 s、振幅65%、间隔时间5 min,发酵起始,即开始超声处理至发酵8 h,结束超声。在最佳超声条件下进行谷氨酸发酵,菌体OD(600 nm)值为82. 5,提高13. 8%,谷氨酸产量为168 g/L,提高11. 3%,糖酸转化率为68. 2%,提高4. 3%,菌体转型时间由4 h提前至2 h。超声辅助谷氨酸发酵能够达到较好的效果,使发酵过程更加稳定。     

Neutral-sugar determination by HPAEC-PAD to characterise polysaccharide degradation by colonic bacteria

 In vitro methods are widely used to characterise dietary fibre fermentability in the human hind gut. The activity of faecal bacteria can be followed by measuring fermentation products and substrate degradation. This paper describes a method for establishing neutral-sugar profiles by HPAEC-PAD during in vitro fermentation studies. Freeze-dried fermentation residues are hydrolysed with H₂SO₄, and the monomers are separated on an anion-exchange column using a reverse NaOH gradient. Sulphate ions are removed from hydrolysates on-line with a special ion-exchange guard column. 2-D-deoxyribose is used as internal standard for quantification. A method for separating all neutral sugars that typically occur in dietary fibre is given. Possibilities for enhancing the resolution for other purposes are suggested. Compared to GC the described method is particularly attractive for routine analyses. Data relating to the decreasing levels of neutral sugars in fermentation residues of oat bran fractions that differ in their mixed-linked β-glucan content are given and degradation patterns of the polysaccharides present in these substrates are discussed. Received: 26 February 1997