玻璃纤维对PTFE/SiO2复合基板材料性能的影响

采用表面改性、物料混合、压延成型、高温真空热压烧结工艺,得到了不同含量玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)/二氧化硅(SiO2)复合基板材料,考察分析了GF含量对复合材料微观形貌、密度、吸水率、拉伸性能、压缩性能以及微波介电性能的影响情况。结果表明,随着GF含量的增加,PTFE/SiO2复合材料的密度逐渐减小,吸水率和损耗因子逐渐增大,拉伸模量、压缩模量和相对介电常数呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。当PTFE/SiO2复合材料中加入2%的GF时,复合材料具有良好的综合性能,密度为2.085 g/cm3,吸水率为0.094%,拉伸模量为1351 MPa,压缩模量为1643 MPa,相对介电常数为2.93,损耗因子为1.04×10–3。     

密封用PTFE复合材料的压缩蠕变性能

采用碳粉/石墨、青铜粉、玻璃纤维(GF)、碳纤维(CF)、聚苯酯(POB)等改性材料改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),通过冷压、烧结的方式制得改性PTFE复合材料,研究了载荷、温度等环境条件对不同改性PTFE复合材料压缩蠕变的影响,通过退火进一步改善复合材料的抗蠕变性能,研究了退火温度对复合材料压缩蠕变及力学和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,各改性材料均能降低PTFE的压缩蠕变量,其中碳粉/石墨改性的PTFE复合材料压缩蠕变量最小,其次为青铜粉改性的复合材料,其余依次为GF,POB和CF改性的复合材料;改性PTFE复合材料的压缩蠕变量随着载荷和温度的增加明显增大,碳粉/石墨改性的PTFE复合材料蠕变受载荷增加的影响最小,且高温(150℃)下的压缩蠕变量最小。在150～300℃下对改性PTFE复合材料进行退火处理,可使其压缩蠕变量减少20%～40%,最佳的退火温度为300℃,在此温度下进行退火对复合材料力学和摩擦磨损性能影响不大。     

聚苯硫醚耐磨改性研究

为提高聚苯硫醚(PPS)的耐磨性能,采用了质量分数均为40%的玻璃纤维(GF)和碳纤维(CF)增强PPS,研究对比了它们的摩擦磨损性能,发现CF增强PPS的摩擦系数和磨损率均低于GF增强PPS。在此基础上,采用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和纳米Si O2对GF增强PPS进行复合耐磨改性,研究了PTFE和纳米Si O2含量对GF增强PPS摩擦磨损性能及电绝缘性能的影响。结果表明,相对于质量分数为40%的CF增强PPS,在相同质量分数的GF增强PPS中采用质量分数均为10%的PTFE和纳米Si O2,可以在较低成本下使其获得更低的摩擦系数、磨损率,以及滚动摩擦时的磨损质量和磨损体积,同时保持良好的电绝缘性能。     

PTFE的辐射交联及其应用

利用电子束高温辐照PTFE,制备出交联PTFE样。通过红外光谱法（IR）、差示扫描量热分析法（DSC）等各种方法研究辐射交联PTFE的性能。结果表明：与未辐照PTFE相比,交联PTFE的透明度明显增加,熔点下降,耐磨性能明显提高。     

铸型尼龙活塞环的研制

采用铸型(MC)尼龙活塞环代替玻纤增强聚四氟乙烯(PTFE/GF)活塞环用于空气分离器,活塞环的使用寿命为PTFE/GF活塞环的1.5倍。分析了MC尼龙活塞环优于PTFE/GF活塞环的原因。     

Zonyl(R) MP1500聚四氟乙烯微粉在氟橡胶中的应用研究

研究了Zonyl(R) MP1500聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微粉对氟橡胶(FKM)物理机械性能、耐低温性能、耐磨性能以及热稳定性能的影响.使用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)技术,分别研究了FKM及FKM/PTFE微粉体系的玻璃化转变、晶体转变及热失重变化;利用动态机械热分析仪(DMTA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术,研究了FKM/PTFE/SRF774体系的界面结合力及PTFE微粉的分散情况.结果表明:用PTFE微粉取代部分SRF774炭黑,体系拉伸强度,拉断伸长率及撕裂强度等机械性能大幅提高,同时体系耐磨性能提高,但压缩永久变形性能有所降低,脆性温度大幅改善,低温回弹性变差,热稳定性有所降低;FKM/PTFE体系在452℃出现FKM最大热解失重峰,在551℃出现PTFE最大热解失重峰.     

PTFE/POB共混材料的压缩回复和耐磨性能研究

采用冷压烧结工艺制备了聚四氟乙烯/聚苯酯(PTFE/POB)共混材料,主要研究了POB含量对PTFE/POB复合材料压缩回复性能和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的压缩回复性能在POB质量分数为20%时达到最优;与纯PTFE相比,PTFE/POB共混材料的压缩率降低了58.93%,回复率提高了24.72%;加入POB后,PTFE/POB共混材料摩擦系数随POB含量的增加有所上升,但磨痕宽度、磨损体积和磨损率随POB含量的增加而大幅度减小;当POB质量分数为20%时,与纯PTFE相比,共混材料的磨痕宽度、磨损体积和磨损率分别降低了78.1%,98.8%和98.6%。     

纤维增强PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

分别以玻璃纤维(GF)与碳纤维(CF)作为增强体制备了纤维增强聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料。利用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了GF/PTFE和CF/PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,以及不同体积分数的纤维增强体、不同载荷与滑动速度对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:GF与CF的引入有效地提高了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,随纤维体积分数的增加,复合材料的摩擦因数逐渐增加;另外,随载荷的增加,复合材料的摩擦因数亦逐渐降低,但磨损率增大。     

酸性溶液中PTW增强PTFE复合材料的耐蚀性和摩擦磨损性能

分别研究了不同含量钛酸钾晶须(PTW)、碳纤(CF)填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料在硫酸溶液中和干摩擦条件下摩擦学性能以及酸中的耐蚀性能,借助SEM等分析探讨了相关机理。结果表明,酸中纯PTFE耐磨性较干摩擦条件下提高了2个数量级,摩擦系数也只有干摩擦的15.3%。与CF/PTFE相比,PTW/PTFE复合材料在酸中显示更好的耐蚀和耐磨性能。PTW可以进一步提高PTFE酸中耐磨性能、降低摩擦系数。含15%（质量）PTW时复合材料具有最低的磨损率,此时比纯PTFE酸中耐磨性提高13.8倍,是相同含量CF/PTFE耐磨性的3.2倍。由于酸溶液的冷却和润滑作用,复合材料的摩擦系数与干条件相比明显降低。然而,酸溶液阻止了转移膜的形成。不管是干摩擦还是在酸性溶液中,当填料含量超过15%（质量）时,犁削和磨粒磨损是PTFE复合材料的主要磨损机理。     

填料改性PTFE复合材料的性能

用MG-2000型高速高温摩擦磨损试验机对4组填料填充PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能进行研究,并考察相同含量填料由一元增至三元对其摩擦学性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:单一CF与其混合填料均能提高PTFE复合材料的硬度及压缩强度,降低比重,大幅增强PTFE耐磨性;混合填料改性效果更明显,其中三元填料改性效果最优,且CF/SiC纤维/石墨三元填料改性比CF/GF/石墨三元填料改性效果更佳;石墨、CF与SiC纤维协同效应更显著。     

增强耐磨改性尼龙6的研制

本文研究了PA6/PTFE/GF共混体系性能与组成比的关系.讨论了PTFE的品级,GF的种类及共混工艺对共混物性能的影响.通过用Cr及PTFE填充改性,使改性尼龙6的力学性能和耐磨性均得到有效的改善.该共混物材料的性能指标接近国外同类产品的水平.     

Radiation–chemical modification of PTFE in the presence of graphite

PTFE with a 15% addition of graphite was subjected to irradiation using an electron beam of 10 MeV energy with absorbed doses of 26, 52, 78, 104, and 156 kGy. The effect of electron‐beam irradiation on the mechanical, sclerometic, and tribological properties, the crystallinity degree, and the morphology of the polymer surface was examined. It was found that the modification through irradiation entailed a gradual increase in the degree of crystallinity, which had a direct influence on the mechanical properties. An increase in the hardness, Young's modulus, and compressive strength of the polymer irradiated with an electron beam was also demonstrated. The electron‐beam irradiation reduced the value of components of the work‐of‐indentation, showing the growing resistance to deformation. An analysis of the scratch test parameters showed a reduced depth of penetration of the indenter into the material, proportionally to the irradiation value, at relatively constant values of the scratch depth after scratching load removal. A stereometric analysis of the scratch traces on the material allowed to determine coefficients of the wear micromechanism, β, and resistance to wear, W_β. It was found that after irradiation (especially with a dose of 4 × 26 kGy), a significant quantity of the material showed traces of ploughing, which meant a positive effect on the wear mechanism. The value of the wear resistance coefficient W_β for PTFE subjected to the absorbed irradiation dose increased intensively, which portended a significant reduction of the tribological wear compared to the nonirradiated material. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42348.     

Study on the Friction and Wear Behaviors of Modified PA66 Composites

The wear-resistant polyamide 66 (PA66) composites were prepared and the mechanical properties, friction and wear properties were inspected. Results show that GF, PTFE and MoS₂ can improve the mechanical, friction and wear properties of PA66 composites. PTFE is more effective on the friction and wear properties than MoS₂ when GF is 30%wt. The best effect of the modification is 35%wt GF when both PTFE and MoS₂ were added. Friction coefficient first increase, then reduce to be stable as sliding time increases. Friction coefficient and wear mass loss increase as load increases. The main wear mechanisms are fatigue and abrasion wears.     

玻璃纤维增强尼龙66改性研究进展

阐述了玻璃纤维增强尼龙66在增韧改性、阻燃改性、耐溶剂改性、耐磨改性、界面改性、复合改性和制备工艺改进等方面的研究进展。指出玻璃纤维增强尼龙66目前常用的增韧方法是与弹性体和高韧性聚烯烃共混,而阻燃改性的有效手段是添加微胶囊化红磷和P-N型阻燃剂。     

腐蚀环境中纤维增强聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

分别研究了不同含量碳纤维(CF)、玻璃纤维(GF)填充聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复合材料在硫酸溶液中和干摩擦条件下的摩擦学性能,同时考察了PTFE复合材料在酸中的腐蚀行为,探讨了相关机理。结果表明,在酸中GF能够提高PTFE的耐磨性,比CF在提高PTFE耐磨性方面具有更好的优势。就酸溶液中的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性而言,15 %（质量分数,下同）是填料的最佳含量,此时GF和CF填充的PTFE,耐磨性分别较纯PTFE提高了7.7和4.4倍;当填料的含量超过15 %时,复合材料的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性均下降,主要是由于此时犁削和磨粒磨损是PTFE复合材料的主要磨损机制。由于酸溶液的冷却和润滑作用,硫酸溶液中PTFE复合材料的摩擦因数大幅降低,但酸溶液抑制了对磨面上转移膜的形成。     

Synthesis of silver nanostructures on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) using electron beam irradiation for antimicrobacterial effect

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon), a frequently utilized polymer for the fabrication of synthetic vascular graft, was surface-modified by electron beam irradiation. At the same time, the silver nanostructures were obtained on PTFE surface when exposed to an electron beam in silver ion solution. Results from FE-SEM characterization revealed that morphologies of the prepared silver nanostructures were in different shapes and sizes. The effect of electron beam current and the irradiation time on silver nanostructures formations were also investigated. In addition, we found that these prepared silver nanostructures on PTFE surface exhibited antimicrobial effect through qualitative evaluation method against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739). This approach offered a new route for preparing silver nanostructures under electron beam irradiation, and the resulting PTFE vascular graft could be used as biocidal medical device.     

The influence of electron beam irradiation,plastic deformation,and re‐irradiation on crystallinity degree,mechanical and sclerometric properties of GUR 1050 used for arthroplasty

The article describes the influence of an electron beam irradiation (I), plastic deformation (D), and re‐irradiation (R) on the properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (GUR 1050). It was found that the modification through irradiation entailed a gradual increase in the degree of crystallinity (after irradiation–I). After plastic deformation and re‐irradiation (IDR) the degree of crystallinity decreases which had a direct influence on the mechanical properties. The polymer irradiation only (technique I) resulted in an increase in the maximum stress as compared with the material in the initial state. The application of deformation and re‐irradiation (technique IDR) allowed increasing the deformation resistance by more than 40%. Moreover, the irradiation with an electron beam resulted in the increase in hardness (H) and Young's modulus (E) proportionally to the applied irradiation dose and in the reduction of total indentation work (W_tot) and its components. After deformation and re‐irradiation the polyethylene hardness went down. The application of technique (I) caused an improvement to the material abrasion resistance (reduction of parameter PD–working scratch depth) with the increasing irradiation dose. The introduction of deformation and re‐irradiation did not have a material impact on parameter (PD) increasing at the same time elastic properties of UHMWPE (increase in parameter NPS–elastic recovery). Modification IDR has changed the wear mechanism (β) toward ploughing and has increased the abrasion‐resistance index (W_β) and also significantly reduced the coefficient of friction (μ) of GUR 1050. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43683.     

Effect of irradiation modification above melting point on the wear resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene

The cross-linked polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and PTFE/carbon fiber (CF) composites were synthesized through electron beam irradiation in the molten state of PTFE at a controlled temperature of 340 ± 3°C under an inert gas atmosphere for this study. The wear resistance of raw (raw-PTFE), irradiated modified PTFE (RM-PTFE), and CF-reinforced PTFE composites were evaluated using a friction and wear testing machine. The testing was conducted under varying ambient temperatures and dynamic loads. After irradiation, the samples were sectioned into specific sizes for subsequent testing purposes. Under the test conditions of 4.64 MPa positive pressure, 800 rpm speed, and a duration of 300 s at 20°C, the wear amount of PTFE after irradiation modification is significantly reduced from 1.4103 mm to only 0.0233 mm, representing a remarkable reduction by a factor of 60. Similarly, under the test conditions of 4.64 MPa positive pressure, 200 rpm speed, and a duration of 300 s at 20°C, the friction coefficient of PTFE after irradiation modification is substantially decreased from an initial value of 0.13 to just 0.03. The observed improvement can be attributed to the transformation of PTFE's crystalline form into spherulite, accompanied by a significant enhancement in the degree of cross-linking within its molecular chain. The PTFE was supplemented with 10% CF prior to irradiation. Under the test conditions of a positive pressure of 4.64 MPa, rotation speed of 800 rpm, and a duration time of 300 s at 20°C, the wear amount of the composite material measured only 0.0007 mm, representing a reduction by a factor of 2000 compared to that observed for pure PTFE. This improvement can be attributed to the CF filler's high wear resistance properties and the composite's enhanced thermal conductivity.     

辐照交联PVC／EVA共混物的形态结构与性能

以电子束为辐照源，以三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯（TMPTA）单体为交联敏化剂，对聚氯乙烯与乙烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）的共混物进行辐照交联。采用红外吸收光谱、扫描电镜方法分析了添加改性EVA的共混物形态结构。通过凝胶含量、力学性能的测定，得到结论：EVA共聚物与PVC共混可以促进PVC辐照交联，改性EVA促进效果更明显；辐照剂量增大、体系凝胶含量增加，力学性能及热延伸性能提高，但辐射剂量高于5Mrad之后，体系降解程度明显增加。     

玻璃纤维填充改性PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

为改善聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)高磨耗的缺点,通过冷压烧结成型工艺制备了玻璃纤维(GF)填充改性PTFE复合材料,探究了不同GF添加比例的PTFE/GF复合材料在不同转速下的摩擦磨损情况。采用三维视频显微镜观察了样品的表面磨痕深度,并借助扫描电子显微镜观察摩擦表面形貌同时分析磨损机理。结果表明,填充GF后的PTFE复合材料其摩擦系数虽有一定程度的升高,但其体积磨损率却大幅降低。当GF质量分数为20%时,复合材料的体积磨损率降到最低,并在转速为80 r/min时较纯PTFE降低了93.56%。观察分析微观形貌发现,随着GF含量的增大,复合材料的磨损机理逐渐由纯PTFE的犁耕磨损和粘着磨损向磨粒磨损转变,当GF含量为25%时,出现轻微的疲劳磨损。