基于转录组分析氯化钙对青圆椒采后机械损伤品质的影响

为探究氯化钙处理对青圆椒采后机械损伤品质的影响,通过高处坠落的方法模拟青圆椒运输过程中受到的机械损伤,利用1 mmol/L氯化钙溶液浸泡处理,测定贮藏期间青圆椒的硬度、色泽及感官品质,并通过高通量测序技术进行转录组分析。结果表明,1 mmol/L氯化钙处理能延缓青圆椒转红、软化及腐烂。同时本研究确定了与青圆椒果实色泽转变、质地变化和风味香气产生的相关基因,鉴定了参与植物激素信号转导途径的关键酶和转录因子,分析了氯化钙处理对机械损伤青圆椒果实贮藏品质的影响。氯化钙可能通过抑制编码双功能15-顺式八氢番茄红素合酶（bifunctional 15-cis-phytoene synthase,PSY）和辣椒红色素/辣椒红色素合酶（capsanthin/capsorubin synthase,CCS）等基因的上调来抑制类胡萝卜素的合成,通过抑制纤维素合酶A（cellulose synthase A,Ces）、内切-1,3-β-葡萄糖苷酶（endo-1,3-β-glucosidase 4,β-Glu）和内切葡聚糖酶25（endoglucanase 25,EG25）等基因的下调来缓解其软化,并通过影响青圆椒中某些转录因子、植物激素和香气风味相关基因的表达,进而影改善有机械损伤的青圆椒果实的表观品质。结论：氯化钙处理可以有效延缓机械损伤青圆椒果实品质的劣变,延长青圆椒果实的贮藏期。     

Edible Coating Effects on Postharvest Quality of Green Bell Peppers

Green bell pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L., cv. “Jupiter”) were coated with a mineral-oil-based coating or a cellulose-based coating. Three different milk-protein-based edible coatings (whey protein isolate, sodium caseinate, and sodium caseinate beeswax emulsion) plasticized with glycerol were also tested. The effects of these coatings were followed by measurement of changes in respiration, internal gases, color, firmness, and water loss during storage at 10°C, 80–85% RH for 20 days. None reduced respiration or affected color. Only the mineral-oil-based coating significantly reduced moisture loss, thus maintaining fruit firmness and thereby prolonging fruit freshness.     

UV-C处理对青椒色泽和生理品质的影响

为研究短波紫外线(short-wave ultraviolet,UV-C)处理对青椒色泽和生理品质的影响,本实验以不同剂量UV-C处理青椒,得到最佳处理剂量,然后采用最佳剂量的UV-C(0.25 kJ/m2)处理青椒,分别将其进行常温和冷藏方式贮藏,测定青椒贮藏过程中的感官品质和总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮、总酚含量,...     

茉莉酸甲酯处理对青圆椒采后冷害生理与营养品质的影响

目的:研究茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)处理对青圆椒采后冷害生理与营养品质的影响.方法:采用30 μμmol/MeJA溶液浸泡'京甜3号'青圆椒10 min(以蒸馏水浸泡为对照),阴干后于4℃贮藏.对青圆椒的冷害指数、质量损失率、硬度、可溶性固形物质量分数、总叶绿素含量、抗氧化物质(VC、总酚...     

原儿茶酸复合涂膜对辣椒采后保鲜的影响

采用原儿茶酸与乳化剂吐温-20制成复合保鲜剂,以浸泡时间、贮藏温度、原儿茶酸质量浓度和吐温-20体积分数为因素进行L_9(3~4)正交试验设计,研究不同因素组合浸泡涂膜对湘研5号椒采后保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:浸泡2.5 min、贮藏温度10℃、125 mg/L原儿茶酸、体积分数0.02%吐温-20组合处理21 d后,优化处理组质量损失率与空白对照组(CK1组)和阳性对照组(CK2组,使用保鲜剂NW20)相比分别低了41.98%、15.74%,呈显著性差异(P0.05);腐烂率与CK1组和CK2组相比分别降低了70.39%、20.09%,都存在显著性差异(P0.05);原儿茶酸保鲜剂处理可以降低辣椒贮藏期间的呼吸强度,延缓VC和叶绿素含量的下降,有效抑制丙二醛含量、多酚氧化酶活力的上升,提高过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶的活力。原儿茶酸保鲜剂处理后各项指标均显著优于CK1组(P0.05),表明原儿茶酸保鲜剂处理可以延缓辣椒采后的衰老,有效延长辣椒的保藏期,对辣椒采后贮藏具有良好的保鲜效果。     

四川泡菜发酵原料-灯笼辣椒附生乳酸菌的抗生素耐药性评估与耐药基因分析

以四川泡菜蔬菜原料——新鲜灯笼辣椒为对象,分析其表面附生乳酸菌Enterococcus mundtii（5 株）、Enterococcus faecalis（2 株）、Enterococcus hirae（5 株）、Lactococcus lactis（7 株）、Leuconostocmesenteroides（2 株）、Leuconostoc holzapfelii（3 株）和Weissella cibaria（79 株）对青霉素（penicillin,PEN）、红霉素（erythromycin,ERY）、四环素（tetracycline,TET）、链霉素（streptomycin,STR）和氯霉素（chloramphenicol,CHL）的抗生素耐药性和耐药基因分布,为制定合理的食品安全防控措施提供科学依据。研究表明：所有分离菌株均无PEN和ERY耐药性,其他种属部分菌株对TET、STR和CHL表现出单一、二重或三重耐药性。除E. hirae、E. faecalis和L. holzapfelii部分菌株对STR表现出单一耐药性外,所有L. mesenteroide菌株只表现出了STR单一耐药性;STR和TET、STR和CHL二重耐药菌株在E. faecalis、E. hirae、L. lactis和W. cibaria分离菌株中都有发现,但是STR、TET、CHL三重耐药菌株仅在W. cibaria中发现。聚合酶链式反应检测发现：除基因norA、sepA、tet(A)、tet(O)和aac(6’)-aph(2’)未被检出外,其他耐药菌株都有相应1 个或多个耐药基因被检出。多重耐药外排泵基因efrA、tolC、norC、sugE和mdfA较核糖体蛋白质保护和酶修饰基因检出率高,分别达到了49%、41%、48%、41%和47%。虽然辣椒表面附生乳酸菌的抗生素耐药基因在四川泡菜发酵过程中的扩散行为需要进一步研究,但根据食品加工过程安全规范标准,也应关注其表面附生的乳酸菌抗生素耐药性存在的潜在食品安全问题。     

高氧处理对草莓果实微生物生长和腐烂的影响

研究了高氧（100％O2）处理对“硕丰”草莓在2℃10d冷藏及20℃空气中2d货架存放期间果实微生物生长和腐烂的影响。结果表明，在冷藏前期，高氧处理对微生物生长的影响不大，而在冷藏后期，高氧处理显著抑制果实上细菌、霉菌和酵母菌的生长，降低果实腐烂发生。高氧处理对微生物生长和果实腐烂的抑制作用可以持续到冷藏后20℃空气中货架存放期间，这表明高氧对微生物生长的抑制作用具有后续效应。     

低分子量壳聚糖对镉染毒引起的氧自由基变化的影响

采用浸浴法研究了镉（Cd^2＋）胁迫下,添加不同浓度低分子量壳聚糖（LMWC）对长江华溪蟹（Sinopotamon yangtsekiense）超氧阴离子（O2^-·）、羟自由基（·OH）和过氧化氢（H2O2）三种氧自由基的影响,并初步探讨了LMWC的作用机制。实验设置5个LMWC与Cd^2＋联合作用组（5、10、20、40和80mg/L）、1个Cd^2＋对照组（58mg/L）和1个空白对照组,分别在96h后测定鳃、肝胰腺和心脏的抗O2^-·能力、抑制·OH能力和H2O2含量。结果显示,Cd^2＋可以诱导蟹体产生大量的氧自由基,并导致机体的抗氧化能力降低,LMWC的加入可以有效抑制Cd^2＋引起的氧化损伤,其抑制作用随LMWC浓度的增大逐渐增强。LMWC浓度达到40mg/L和80mg/L时抑制作用显著。LMWC对镉染毒引起蟹体内过量氧自由基有一定的清除作用。     

超高压处理对泡椒凤爪微生物与品质的影响

将超高压技术（high pressure processing,HPP）应用于泡椒凤爪的加工过程,同时以传统热加工做对照,对处理前后以及贮藏期内微生物、理化指标和质构指标等进行研究。结果表明：热处理和超高压处理（400 MPa处理5 min）后泡椒凤爪菌落总数从21 000 CFU/g分别降到12 CFU/g和23 CFU/g,4 ℃和25 ℃贮藏15 d后,超高压处理样品的菌落总数分别增加到425 CFU/g和6 600 CFU/g,符合GB 2726-2005《熟肉制品卫生标准》要求。超高压处理组产品的硬度、脆度、弹性和感官评价指标显著高于热加工组。超高压处理组样品贮藏15 d后,亚硝酸盐含量低于GB 2726-2005的最高限定值。HPP技术适合应用在传统食品泡椒凤爪的生产过程中。     

低氧防治技术应用及研究现状

随着"绿色储粮"的兴起,改善化学药剂的使用方法和寻找替代技术已成为储粮害虫防治研究中的重点,以零残留为特点的低氧防治技术自然受到人们的青睐.对低氧防治技术的发展历史、应用和研究现状等内容进行综述,以期为低氧防治技术在国内的进一步发展提供参考.     

高氧气调包装对绿芦笋木质化的影响

以空气包装为对照,研究了60% O2+20% CO2+20% N2、80% O2+20% CO2 和100% O2 高氧气调包装的绿芦笋在(4 ± 1)℃贮藏28d 期间失重率、叶绿素含量、木质素含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化。结果表明：高氧气调包装可以减缓绿芦笋的失重,抑制叶绿素的降解、木质素含量的上升,抑制PAL和POD 酶活性的上升。80% O2+20% CO2 气调包装贮藏条件下绿芦笋失重较小、色泽保持良好、木质化程度较低。该条件可较好地延长绿芦笋货架期并保持其良好的品质。     

Storage of Spinach Under Low Oxygen Atmosphere Above the Extinction Point

The extinction point of spinach was <0.4% but above 0.2% O₂ at 0° and 5°C. Respiration rates were ～2.3 times greater at 5°C than at 0°C and were similar among cultivars. In 0.8% O₂ atmosphere, O₂ uptake of three cultivars was reduced by an average of 53% and CO₂ production was reduced by 35% relative to those stored in air. Deterioration of leaves was reduced by 30 to 54%, while weight loss, color and chlorophyll content were not affected by the 0.8% O₂ atmosphere. Thus O₂ could be allowed to be depleted to 0.8% in modified atmosphere packaging without quality loss due to anoxia.     

高氧和高二氧化碳处理对绿芦笋采后衰老的影响

以空气为对照,研究不同体积分数的高氧和高二氧化碳(20%)气调处理对绿芦笋嫩茎在(4 ± 1)℃贮藏期间感官品质、可溶性固形物含量、SOD、CAT、PPO 活性和总酚含量的影响。结果表明：60% 以上高氧结合20%高二氧化碳处理可延缓贮藏过程中感官品质和可溶性固形物含量的下降,抑制PPO 活性上升,保持了SOD、CAT的活性,抑制总酚含量的下降,而尤以80% 高氧加20% 高二氧化碳处理效果最好。因此,该条件在延缓绿芦笋采后贮藏衰老方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

秋水仙碱处理对采后莲雾果实在冷藏期间品质、活性氧代谢和能量代谢的影响

目的：研究0.01%秋水仙碱处理对采后莲雾果实在冷藏期间生理品质、活性氧代谢和能量代谢的影响,探讨秋水仙碱影响采后莲雾的衰老机制。方法：分别用0、0.01%的秋水仙碱溶液浸泡莲雾果实15 min,于4 ℃贮藏,检测果实品质、活性氧代谢和能量代谢的变化。结果：秋水仙碱处理可以抑制贮藏期间絮状绵软指数的上升,第4天之后效果显著（P＜0.05）,处理后的果实质量损失率整个贮藏期间显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;秋水仙碱处理可以减缓超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的下降,抑制过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性高峰的出现,保持较低CAT活性,显著提高贮藏后期第8～12天过氧化物酶（POD）活性（P＜0.05）;同时可以保持较高琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）和细胞色素C氧化酶（CCO）活性,处理组的SDH活性在第4、8、12天显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,CCO活性在第2、6、8天显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;秋水仙碱处理还可以减缓贮藏后期ATP含量和能荷水平的下降,与对照组有显著差异（P＜0.05）。结论：0.01%的秋水仙碱处理能显著延缓采后莲雾果实絮状绵面积的增加;采后莲雾果实絮状绵软面积与能荷水平呈显著负相关性（r=－0.793,P＜0.05）,能量亏缺会加剧莲雾果实衰老;能荷水平与活性氧代谢指标H2O2含量呈显著负相关（r=－0.766,P＜0.05）,与SOD活性呈显著正相关（r=0.802,P＜0.05）,能量代谢会影响活性氧代谢;秋水仙碱主要依靠调节能量代谢起作用。     

适用于冷链中式快餐的青椒配菜制备工艺研究

研究了一种适合冷链中式快餐中青椒加工制备的新型工艺。以青椒为研究对象,以失重率、感官评定、黄化率、还原性VC保存率为评价指标,研究了淀粉浆浓度、青椒与淀粉浆用量比、青椒与热油用量比对产品品质的影响,确定了最佳淀粉糊化上浆条件为:淀粉浆浓度5%、青椒与淀粉浆比1:0.5(w:w)、青椒与热油比为1:0.08(w:w)。      

Shelf Life of Mature Green Tomatoes Stored in Controlled Atmosphere and High Humidity

Freshly harvested mature green tomatoes were washed, sorted and treated with 125 ppm chlorine water. The treated tomatoes were stored at 85% or 98% RH under controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for periods up to 8 wk. The controlled atmosphere was 2.5% O₂, 5.0% CO₂, and N₂ as the balance gas at 12°C. After storing 40 days, the tomatoes were allowed to ripen in air at 23°C. Samples of tomatoes were tested every 3 days to examine changes in quality as determined by visual observation, weight loss, titratable acidity, pH, color and firmness. Weight loss was reduced significantly by CA storage of tomatoes at 98% RH. Tomatoes remained green up to 40 days of storage and changed in color gradually during consecutive storage in atmospheric conditions. Appearance of the tomatoes was acceptable after ripening.     

高氧和高二氧化碳处理对绿芦笋采后品质的影响

以空气为对照,研究不同浓度高氧和高二氧化碳(20%)气调包装处理对鲜切绿芦笋嫩茎在(4 ± 1)℃贮藏期间品质变化的影响。结果表明,80%～100% O2 处理可抑制绿芦笋贮藏期间的失重和丙二醛的积累,减缓总糖、VC、叶绿素、木质素含量的下降。60% O2 处理可抑制绿芦笋贮藏期间VC 的降解、丙二醛的积累及总糖含量的下降,而对失重率、总叶绿素和木质素含量无显著影响。40% O2 处理加速了总叶绿素和总糖含量的下降,而对VC、丙二醛、木质素含量及失重率等品质指标无显著影响。这些结果表明,80% 以上高氧结合高二氧化碳在绿芦笋采后贮藏中具有潜在的应用前景。     

Cold storage,reconditioning potential and chip processing quality of spring potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Hermes) tubers in response to differential nitrogen fertilisation

BACKGROUND: Crop management has been implicated in tuber sugar accumulation and potato processing quality. However, reports on potato postharvest behaviour, tuber composition and processing quality in response to crop nitrogen (N) fertilisation have been sparse and inconclusive. In this study, chipping potato cv. Hermes was treated with four preplanting N rates (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha^?1) to evaluate the effect of N fertilisation on sugar accumulation profiles and processing quality at harvest, after cold storage at 4.5 °C for up to 200 days and after reconditioning at 16 °C for 10–30 days. RESULTS: Preharvest leaf petiole analysis and tuber nitrate analysis at harvest confirmed crop response to N rates. At harvest, tuber specific gravity decreased marginally beyond 200 kg N ha^?1. Chip colour as well as tuber sucrose and reducing sugar (RS) content was unaffected by N fertilisation rate. During cold storage and reconditioning, tuber fresh weight loss and sprout growth were unaffected by N rate, while its effect on tuber sugar levels was either statistically or practically insignificant. Tuber sucrose and RS contents correlated highly with chip colour (r = ? 0.729, P <0.001 and r = ?0.791, P <0.001 respectively). Importantly, postharvest chip colour was also unaffected by N rate, though it declined markedly with the onset of cold storage and improved significantly throughout reconditioning. Differences in chip colour between years were limited but potentially critical in meeting the commercial standard. CONCLUSION: Completion of physiological crop senescence of the spring potato crop under Mediterranean climatic conditions seems to mitigate the potential interference of preplanting N fertilisation with tuber maturation and subsequently cold storage performance, reconditioning potential and processing quality. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry