基于数据流的类测试技术研究

面向对象软件测试已成为软件工程领域的一个重要研究课题,其中,类测试是面向对象软件测试的关键。论文在介绍传统数据流测试技术的基础上,以面向对象软件的类作为基本测试单元,研究了一种基于数据流的类测试技术。     

Interface Mutation Test Adequacy Criterion: An Empirical Evaluation

An experiment was conducted to evaluate an inter-procedural test adequacy criterion named Interface Mutation. Program SPACE, developed for the European Space Agency (ESA), was used in this experiment. The development record available for this program was used to find the faults uncovered during its development. Using this information the test process was reproduced starting with a version of SPACE containing several faults and then applying Interface Mutation. Thus we could evaluate the fault revealing effectiveness of Interface Mutation. Results from the experiment suggest that (a) the application of Interface Mutation favors the selection of fault revealing test cases when they exist and (b) Interface Mutation tends to select fault revealing test cases more efficiently than in the case where random selection is used.     

一种新的变异测试数据自动生成方法

变异测试是一种行之有效的软件测试方法,通过使用变异算子产生变异体系统地模拟软件中的各种缺陷,然后构造能够杀死这些变异体的测试数据集.自动生成能够杀死变异体的测试数据将提高变异测试的效率和有效性.当前的研究工作只考虑生成杀死单个变异体的测试数据.文中根据杀死同一位置的多个变异体的条件相近的特点,提出一种对杀死这些变异体的条件进行组合,然后生成同时杀死该位置多个变异体的测试数据的方法;给出相应的支持工具,并且通过实验验证方法的有效性.     

数据流测试准则之间关系的研究

软件测试充分性准则是决定一个软件系统能否被充分测试的规则,而测试充分性的关键问题是其检测故障的能力。该文首先分析了数据流测试基本概念,然后讨论了数据流测试准则之间的关系,最后针对测试准则C1和C2,提出了二者的关系R。R(C1,C2)可保证在特定的错误检测度量方法下,C1比C2具有更好的检错能力。     

Mutation Testing Applied to Estelle Specifications

Many researchers have pursued the establishment of a low-cost, effective testing and validation strategy at the program level as well as at the specification level. Mutation Testing is an error-based approach, originally introduced for program testing, that provides testers a systematic way to evaluate how good a given test set is. Some studies have also investigated its use to generate test sets. In this article, the application of Mutation Testing for validating Estelle specifications is proposed. A mutant operator set for Estelle—one of the crucial points for effectively applying Mutation Testing—is defined, addressing: the validation of the behavior of the modules, the communication among modules and the architecture of the specification. In this scope, these operators can be taken as a fault model. Considering this context, a strategy for validating Estelle-based specification is proposed and exemplified using the Alternating-bit protocol.     

嵌入式软件测试数据处理系统的研究

嵌入式软件测试已成为当前测试领域的热点之一,由于嵌入式软件一般具有实时性强、接口数据复杂的特点,使得每次测试都会产生海量的测试数据,如何有效地分析、处理这些测试数据,从而获取有效的数据信息是测试分析工作的难点.给出了海量测试数据处理的关键技术和解决途径,并实现了嵌入式软件测试数据处理系统的开发.最后,通过一个实例应用验证了该系统的正确性和有效性.     

测试数据生成技术在软件故障诊断中的应用

随着软件在武器装备中应用范围的日益扩大,软件故障诊断问题日显突出。文中针对软件测试中测试数据生成问题作了重点研究,采用了遗传算法解决按路径生成测试数据的问题,构建了基于遗传算法的测试数据生成系统模型,并对系统模型进行了实例验证。通过数据证明了遗传算法在测试数据生成中的优越性。     

软件第三方测评

软件测评是许多软件交付用户前的最后一个环节,对提高软件的质量起着重要作用.所谓的软件第三方测评,是由具有相关资质的独立第三方测评机构根据委托方的要求,依据相关标准,对被测软件的质量进行全面的测试和评价.结合自身工作经验介绍了软件第三方测评的目的,详细论述了软件第三方测评的过程及其工作产品,最后对如何更好地开展软件第三方测评提出了一些建议.     

Data Generation for Path Testing

We present two stochastic search algorithms for generating test cases that execute specified paths in a program. The two algorithms are: a simulated annealing algorithm (SA), and a genetic algorithm (GA). These algorithms are based on an optimization formulation of the path testing problem which include both integer- and real-value test cases. We empirically compare the SA and GA algorithms with each other and with a hill-climbing algorithm, Korel's algorithm (KA), for integer-value-input subject programs and compare SA and GA with each other on real-value subject programs. Our empirical work uses several subject programs with a number of paths. The results show that: (a) SA and GA are superior to KA in the number of executed paths, (b) SA tends to perform slightly better than GA in terms of the number of executed paths, and (c) GA is faster than SA; however, KA, when it succeeds in finding the solution, is the fastest.     

软件测试管理及其工程应用

在分析软件测试模型和软件测试流程的基础上，总结测试管理原则，并将其应用于工程实践中。     

嵌入式软件仿真测试平台实时数据处理研究

实时数据处理在嵌入式软件仿真测试平台中起着要目标和实时数据处理的要求,提出了一种实时数据处理体系的逻辑模型,并对实时数据管理、事务调度、实时接口映射机制等关键技术进行了深入探讨.     

变异测试:原理、优化和应用

变异测试是一种基于缺陷的软件测试技术,在近四十年得到国内外学者的广泛关注,并取得了一些研究成果。对已有的研究工作进行总结,将其分为变异测试原理、优化和应用三个模块。其中在变异测试原理模块中,给出变异测试的基本假设,对变异测试分析流程进行介绍,并对其中的重要概念依次给出定义,从静态检测和动态检测两个角度对等价变异体检测技术进行总结。在变异测试优化模块中,从变异体选择优化和变异体执行优化两个角度对已有研究工作进行总结。在变异测试应用模块中,选择了测试用例集充分性评估、测试用例生成和回归测试三个应用领域,对研究工作进行分类总结。最后对变异测试的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

基于对象约束语言规格的变异分析

由于传统形式化语言的复杂性以及当前变异分析系统性能问题,基于规格的变异分析一直没有得到广泛的应用.介绍辅助UML建模的对象约束语言(OCL)和基于规格变异分析的基本理论.提出一种新型的OCL规格变异系统的设计方案,并详细描述了一些变异算子的具体实现.解决了传统变异系统的性能缺陷,提高了变异分析的实用性.     

一种Web服务的测试数据自动生成方法

软件测试是保证Web服务质量的重要技术手段.测试数据生成是Web服务测试的重要内容.测试数据的质量将直接影响Web服务测试的效率和成本.文章基于合约式设计的 Web服务测试技术,提出一种 Web服务的测试数据自动生成方法.首先根据WSDL文档采用随机法自动生成初始测试数据,然后使用合约变异技术进行测试数据的选择,据此可以生成一组达到一定合约变异充分度的有效测试数据,从而提高 Web服务的测试质量和效率.最后实现了一个Web服务的测试数据自动生成工具原型,并通过实验验证了方法的有效性.     

基于扩展有限状态机测试中测试输入数据自动选取的研究

扩展有限状态机(EFSM)模型是有限状态机(FSM)模型的一个扩展，它在FSM模型的基础上增加了变量、操作以及状态迁移的前置条件，通过EFSM我们可以更加精确地刻画软件系统的动态行为．基于EFSM的测试可以应用到许多领域，因此具有重要的研究价值和实际意义．许多研究人员已经提出了基于FSM测试的测试输入序列的构造方法，但基于EFSM的测试与FSM相比由于变量和状态迁移的前置条件的引入，增加了构造其测试输入的复杂性．我们认为基于EFSM测试的测试输入应该包含两个部分：即测试输入序列以及该输入序列上包含的输入变量的确定值(测试输入数据)．手工选取这些测试数据的工作十分繁琐，极大地增加了测试的花费，因此自动选取这些测试数据可以大大提高实际测试工作的效率．该文提出一种基于EFSM测试的测试数据自动选取方法，该方法利用两个关键的步骤：①区间削减和②分段梯度最优下降算法来自动选取测试数据．实验表明利用该方法可以自动选取大部分的测试数据，并且收敛速度较快；在某些无法得到确定解的情况下，区间削减也可以为测试人员提供一个较小的输入变量取值区间，方便了测试人员从中手工选择测试数据．     

数据流分析方法

数据流分析是一项编译时使用的技术,它能从程序代码中收集程序的语义信息,并通过代数的方法在编译时确定变量的定义和使用。该文对数据流、数据流框架及数据流算法进行了阐述;并简要地介绍了所提出的需求过程间数据流分析的方法。     

分层数据流图的自动生成与布局

本文讨论分层数据流图ＨＤＦＤ的自动生成，布局及其ＯＯＰ实现技术。文中提出了规范化数据流图的概念及基于最佳布局路径和最小进层规则的布局算法。     

一种软件测试V模型的改进型及其应用

软件测试是软件工程中的一个阶段,也是保障软件质量必不可少的重要一环。本文在软件测试V模型的基础上,提出了一种改进型的测试模型,并把其应用在一套法制系统软件的开发过程中．     

An integrated automatic test data generation system

The Godzilla automatic test data generator is an integrated collection of tools that implements a relatively new test data generation method—constraint-based testing—that is based on mutation analysis. Constraint-based testing integrates mutation analysis with several other testing techniques, including statement coverage, branch coverage, domain perturbation, and symbolic evaluation. Because Godzilla uses a rule-based approach to generate test data, it is easily extendible to allow new testing techniques to be integrated into the current system. This article describes the system that has been built to implement constraint-based testing. Godzilla's design emphasizes orthogonality and modularity, allowing relatively easy extensions. Godzilla's internal structure and algorithms are described with emphasis on internal structures of the system and the engineering problems that were solved during the implementation.Parts of this research were supported by Contract F30602-85-C-0255 through Rome Air Development Center while the author was a graduate student at the Georgia Institute of Technology.     

Supporting Controlled Experimentation with Testing Techniques: An Infrastructure and its Potential Impact

Where the creation, understanding, and assessment of software testing and regression testing techniques are concerned, controlled experimentation is an indispensable research methodology. Obtaining the infrastructure necessary to support such experimentation, however, is difficult and expensive. As a result, progress in experimentation with testing techniques has been slow, and empirical data on the costs and effectiveness of techniques remains relatively scarce. To help address this problem, we have been designing and constructing infrastructure to support controlled experimentation with testing and regression testing techniques. This paper reports on the challenges faced by researchers experimenting with testing techniques, including those that inform the design of our infrastructure. The paper then describes the infrastructure that we are creating in response to these challenges, and that we are now making available to other researchers, and discusses the impact that this infrastructure has had and can be expected to have. Editor: Forrest Shull and Natalia Juristo