Effect of the fold surface of the lamellae on the behavior of the trapped radicals in irradiated Polyamide-1010

Two types of macromolecular free radicals —CH₂CONHĊHCH₂— (a) and —CH₂Ċ=O (b) trapped in irradiated Polyamide-1010 (PA1010) and PA1010 filled with neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃) were characterized by an ESR approach. It was found out that a was mainly trapped in the fold surface of the lamellae and b in the amorphous phase. This result suggested that trapped radicals mainly existed in the noncrystalline phases. The effect of the fold surface area of the lamellae on the behavior of the trapped radicals are discussed in this article. Whether for the specimens with similar crystallinities but different crystallite sizes or for those with the same concentration of neodymium oxide but different crystallinities, radical a exists dominantly in a specimen with a larger fold surface area of the lamellae. Under a certain circumstance, radical a can transform into radical b for a specimen with a larger fold surface area of the lamellae. It means that the fold surface area of the lamellae plays an important role in the transformation of radical a to b. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1335–1339, 1998     

PA11/PA1010共混物的性能研究

采用熔体共混的方法制备了聚酰胺11/聚酰胺1010(PA11/PA1010)共混物,通过力学性能和差示扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了PA11/PA1010共混物的力学与结晶性能。测试结果表明:PA1010对PA11同时具有增韧、增强作用;当PA11/PA1010为70/30时,共混物开始出现两个结晶峰和低温熔融峰;共混物的结晶和熔融以PA11为主,兼具有PA11和PA1010的优良性能;断裂伸长率、拉伸强度与缺口冲击强度均达到极大值。     

Crystallization behavior of carbon nanotubes‐filled polyamide 1010

The nanocomposites of polyamide1010 (PA1010) filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by melt mixing techniques. The isothermal melt‐crystallization kinetics and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of CNTs/PA1010 nanocomposites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The peak temperature, melting point, half‐time of crystallization, enthalpy of crystallization, etc. were measured. Two stages of crystallization are observed, including primary crystallization and secondary crystallization. The isothermal crystallization was also described according to Avrami's approach. It has been shown that the addition of CNTs causes a remarkable increase in the overall crystallization rate of PA1010 and affects the mechanism of nucleation and growth of PA1010 crystals. The analysis of kinetic data according to nucleation theories shows that the increment in crystallization rate of CNTs/PA1010 composites results from the decrease in lateral surface free energy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3794–3800, 2006     

Crystallization and melting behavior of amorphous poly(iminosebacoyl iminodecamethylene)

Multiple melting behavior was observed in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans for the isothermally crystallized poly(iminosebacoyl iminodecamethylene) (PA1010) samples. Coexistence of crystal populations with different lamellar thickness in PA1010 was discussed by means of DSC, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and small‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques. During crystallization of the polymer, a major lamellar crystal population developed first, which possessed a higher melting temperature. However, a small fraction of the polymer formed minor crystal population with thinner lamellae, which was metastable and, upon post‐annealing, could grow into more stable and thicker lamellae through melting and recrystallization process. Lamellae insertion or stacks would develop during the post‐annealing at a lower temperature for the isothermally crystallized samples; thus, multiple crystal populations with different thickness could be produced. It is the multiple distribution of lamella thickness that gives rise to multiple melting behavior of crystalline polymers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 993–1002, 2000     

Improvement of polyamide 1010 with silica nanospheres via in situ melt polycondensation

Polyamide 1010 (PA1010) had been prepared by in situ melt polycondensation in presence of silica nanospheres with amine groups on the surfaces (SiO₂ NH₂). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements demonstrated that the nanosphere surface was grafted with PA1010 chains. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements showed that the PA1010/SiO₂ NH₂ nanocomposites had a lower degree of crystallinity (χ_c) in comparison with PA1010 and PA1010/SiO₂ nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that SiO₂ NH₂ nanospheres improved glass transition temperature (T_g), tensile strength and storage modulus of PA1010 since SiO₂–NH₂ nanospheres limited the mobility of PA1010 chains. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

反应型增容剂PS-co-GMA在PA1010/ABS共混体系中的增容作用

以PS -co -GMA作为PA10 10 /ABS共混体系的反应型增容剂 ,探讨了增容剂的含量对共混体系力学性能的影响。同时 ,利用熔融共混法制备了PA10 10 /ABS -g -GMA共混体系 ,比较了两种增容方式对共混体系力学性能的影响。     

等通道转角挤压对PA1010结晶结构和力学性能的影响

探索了各种挤压工艺条件对PA10 10结晶结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明 :经过挤压后PA10 10的结晶度高于原始试样的结晶度 ,拉伸强度也高于未经挤压的PA10 10的拉伸强度 ,最大增加幅度为 2 1% ,增大幅度与挤压工艺条件有关。等通道转角挤压对材料结晶结构和力学性能均有重要的影响。     

火焰喷涂PA1010/nano-ZrO2复合涂层的非等温结晶动力学

利用火焰喷涂法制备了聚酰胺1010 (PA1010)/纳米氧化锆（nano-ZrO₂）复合涂层。采用示差扫描量热法（DSC）研究其非等温结晶行为,对所得的数据分别用Jeziorny法、Ozawa法和Mo法进行处理。结果表明,用Jeziorny法和Mo法处理非等温结晶过程比较理想,而Ozawa法不适用。用Jeziorny法求出的参数Z_c(结晶速率常数）和n（Avrami指数)均随降温速率的增加而增加;nano-ZrO₂的加入使复合涂层的Z_c和n略大于纯PA1010涂层;并使复合涂层结晶半衰期降低、结晶速率及结晶度增大。表明nano-ZrO₂具有明显的成核剂作用,加快PA1010的结晶速率,提高涂层的结晶度。     

Non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyamide 1010/montmorillonite nanocomposite

The non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of pure polyamide 1010 (PA1010) and PA1010/montmorillonite nanocomposite (PA1010/MMT) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at various cooling rates. The Avrami analysis modified by Jeziorny and a new method developed by Mo can describe the non‐isothermal crystallization process of PA1010 and PA1010/MMT nanocomposite very well. The difference in the value of exponent n between PA1010 and PA1010/MMT nanocomposite suggests that the nano‐size montmorillonite layers act as nucleation agents of PA1010. The values of half‐time of crystallization and crystallization rate coefficient (CRC) show that the crystallization rate of PA1010/MMT nanocomposite is faster than that of PA1010 at a given cooling rate. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:861–867, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Morphology,thermal behavior,and mechanical properties of PA1010/PP and PA 1010/PP-g-GMA blends

The modification of polypropylene (PP) was accomplished by melt grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on its molecular chains. The resulting PP-g-GMA was used to prepare binary blends of polyamide 1010 (PA1010) and PP-g-GMA. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) according to the nature and content of PA1010 used. Comparing the PA1010/PP-g-GMA and PA1010/PP binary blends, the size of the domains of PP-g-GMA were much smaller than that of PP at the same compositions. It was found that mechanical properties of PA1010/PP-g-GMA blends were obviously better than that of PA1010/PP blends, and the mechanical properties were significantly influenced by wetting conditions for uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends. A different dependence of the flexural modulus on water was found for PA1010/PP and PA1010/PP-g-GMA. These behaviors could be attributed to the chemical interactions between the two components and good dispersion in PA1010/PP-g-GMA blends. Thermal and rheological analyses were performed to confirm the possible chemical reactions taking place during the blending process. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1489–1498, 1997     

Chain extension of PA1010 by reactive extrusion by diepoxide 711 and diepoxide TDE85 as chain extenders

The chain extension behaviors of two diepoxides, epoxide TDE85 and 711, were studied to evaluate their coupling effects on polyamide 1010 (PA1010). The former gave better coupling effects and a faster reaction rate. The torque of PA1010 melt increased dramatically with reaction time. The effect of the diepoxy chain extender on the flowability, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of chain‐extended PA1010 was investigated. The melt flow index (MFI) dramatically decreased as the diepoxide was added to PA1010, and the notched Izod impact strength of the chain‐extended products also increased. Furthermore, study on the usage of chain extender showed that there exists an approximate platform on the curve of melt torque versus content of chain extender, beyond which crosslinking may occur. Theoretical analysis of the occurrence of crosslinking was carried out by Flory criterion, which demonstrated that the average amount of functional groups in the chain extension system played a significant role in avoiding crosslinking. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2347–2355, 2004     

尼龙1010三元纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究进展

论述了尼龙1010(PA1010)三元纳米复合材料的结构与性能的研究进展,对由两种填料共混改性r的PA1010复合材料的结构与性能,以及无机填料、弹性体等几类填充增韧增强体系及分散相形貌的研究进展进行了详细介绍。并指出PA1010复合材料的发展趋势是以三元共混为基础,获得高强度、高韧性的纳米填充材料分散性良好的PA1010复合材料。     

不同增容剂对聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯共混物的增容作用研究

采用熔体共混的方法制备了三种增容剂增容的聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混物,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、力学性能和差示扫描量热（DSC）测试,对马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）和乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物（PTW）对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用进行了比较研究。结果表明,和非增容体系相比,PP-g-MAH、POE-g-MAH和PTW的拉伸强度分别是非增容体系的125 %、89 %和94 %,冲击强度分别是非增容体系的140 %、200 %和200 %,PTW具有较好的增容效果。     

Effect of zirconium dioxide on crystallization and melting behavior of flame sprayed polyamide 1010

The crystallization and melting behavior of flame sprayed Polyamide 1010 (PA1010) containing zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) were investigated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). ZrO₂ has a heterogenous nucleation effect on PA1010, leading to a moderate increase in the crystallization temperature and a decrease in the supercooling temperature. A modified Avrami theory could be successfully used to well describe the early stages of non‐isothermal crystallization of PA1010 and its composite coatings. A study of the nucleation activity, which indicated the influence of the filler on the polymer matrix, revealed that the zirconium dioxide nanoparticles had a good nucleation effect on PA1010. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

相容剂和加工工艺对PA1010/PP共混体系形态和力学性能的影响

以马来酸酐（MAH）和苯乙烯（St）多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯[PP-g-(MAH-co-St）]为相容剂,制备了聚酰胺10101/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混体系。用毛细管流变仪、扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测试等方法研究了和加工工艺相容剂对PA1010/PP共混体系的形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明,相容剂PP-g-(MAH-co-St)有效降低了PA1010/PP共混体系的熔体流动速率;该共混体系熔体属于假塑性流体,熔体黏度随PP-g-(MAH-co-St)含量的增加逐渐增大;随着相容剂含量的增加,PA1010/PP共混体系中分散相PP的粒径逐步减小,力学性能得到改善,PA1010/PP/PP-g-(MAH-co-St)为70/25/5和70/20/10的共混体系的拉伸强度分别比PA1010/PP (70/30)共混体系提高了55.0 %和61.9 %,冲击强度分别提高了61.0 %和129.7 %;剪切速率为706.5 s-1时出现熔体破裂现象,剪切速率为5002.65 s-1时出现严重熔体破裂。     

PA1010的熔融扩链反应

研究3种扩链剂（环氧树脂、二异氰酸酯和亚磷酸三苯酯）对聚酰胺（PA）的熔融扩链反应。针对具有不同熔体流动指数（MI）的PA材料，得出最佳的扩链剂加入量；并研究了扩链后的PA1010的MI，机械性能和结晶性能。结果表明：以环氧树脂为扩链剂反应活性最高，扩链效果比较明显，但有一定的交联反应发生，导致挤出物熔体破裂；二异氰酸酯在扩链时，由于其在高温下自身会发生化学反应，使扩链效率降低，利用亚磷酸三苯酯在单螺杆挤出机中进行扩链反应，扩链后PA1010的熔体粘度明显增加，MI下降，且交联轻微。     

MORPHOLOGY,CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIORS,AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PA1010/HIPS AND PA1010/HIPS-g-MA BLENDS

The binary blends of polyamide 1010 (PA1010) with the high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)/maleic anhydride (MA) graft copolymer (HIPS-g-MA) and with HIPS were prepared using a wide composition range. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy according to the nature and content of PA1010 used. Compared with the PA1010/HIPS binary blends, the domain sizes of dispersed-phase particles in PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends were much smaller than that in PA1010/HIPS blends at the same compositions. It was found that the tensile properties of PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends were obviously better than that of PA1010/HIPS blends. Wide-angle x-ray diffraction analyses were performed to confirm that the number of hydrogen bonds in the PA1010 phase decreased in the blends of PA1010/HIPS-g-MA. These behaviors could be attributed to the chemical interactions between the two components and good dispersion in PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends.     

尼龙1010／马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯共混体系结晶行为和力学性能的研究

将尼龙1010与马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯进行熔融共混,使用DSC、扫描电镜等方法研究了共混物的结晶行为、共混物形态以及力学性能。结果表明:接枝聚乙烯通过与尼龙1010在熔融共混时生成的接枝共聚物改善了共混组份两相之间的相容性和共混形态;共混物中尼龙组份的结晶熔融热焓下降;共混物在保持较高刚性的同时其干态及低温冲击性能较纯尼龙1010有明显提高。     

羟甲基共聚酰胺的制备和研究

以甲酸为催化剂，甲醛与共聚酰妥ＰＡ（６／１０１０）缩合，制备羟甲基聚酰胺。利用小角激光散射、ＤＴＡ谱图，比民阻、接触角测定、应力－应弯曲线粘接试验等手段对其进行了研究。羟甲基以后，共聚酰胺的结晶形态发生了变化，熔点下降，断裂力降低但亲水性提高，对铝材的粘接力增大。通过对其固化体系和固化条件的调整，可以增加固化程度并强化对铝材的粘接能力。     

The effect of reactive compatibilization of carboxylated polystyrene on morphology and toughness of polyamide-1010/polystyrene blends

The morphology and notched impact behaviour of polyamide-1010/polystyrene (PA1010/PS) (90/10) blends compatibilized by carboxylated polystyrene (CPS) have been studied. It is found that the addition of CPS has a beneficial effect upon the morphology of the resulting blends which leads to a finer dispersion of the PA1010 spherulites and of the PS particles in the PA1010 matrix. However, with increasing CPS content, the shape of the PS domains appears less regular, which may be due to the cracking of the PS spherical domains. Infrared analysis was performed to confirm the formation of PS–PA1010 graft copolymer during the blending process. The notched impact toughness of the compatibilized blends shows a maximum which is almost triple that of the binary blend at approximately 5 wt% of the CPS addition based on the amount of PS. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry