若干盲签名方案及其在电子商务中的应用

介绍了４类盲签名方案：盲消签名，盲参数签名，弱盲中和强盲签名，并列举了上述几类合流主案在电子商务中的一些实际应用。     

The adoption and diffusion of e-commerce in developing countries: The case of an NGO in Jordan

The case study in this research involves a nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Jordan in the Middle East, which attempted to utilize electronic commerce (EC) to streamline its business processes and information flow to businesses in Jordan and to other international businesses interested in the Jordanian market. The NGO managed to achieve these tasks expeditiously, and its EC initiative assisted in adding an effective digital parallel to existing systems and processes in this NGO. The NGO is directly involved in the e-government initiative empowered by H.M. King Abdullah II. At this end, with this royal support, the NGO successfully adopted EC. During the adoption and implementation process, the organization encountered numerous difficulties, as detailed in this research. However, the full success of EC was hampered by other factors. Initially, other governmental entities related indirectly to this NGO were not EC-ready. Second, although Web site utilization was growing in this NGO, most member merchants were reluctant to switch to the online arena and to abandon traditional practices in obtaining information and resources from this NGO. However, the NGO is aware of these concerns and envisages resolving such hurdles in its medium- to long-term projections. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

一种乐观电子商务协议的公平性分析

乐观电子商务协议通常具有复杂结构,由多个子协议组合而成,与传统认证协议具有显著不同。电子商务协议最主要目的是实现买卖双方的公平交换,同时假定交换双方都可能是不诚实的,需要考虑来自协议合法实体的内部攻击。文章在深入分析公平交换协议各项属性的基础上,定义了电子项的认证属性,对SVO逻辑进行了扩展,使用SVO逻辑语法定义了电子商务协议应满足的公平性。文章以一种真实的电子商务协议为对象,演示了基于SVO逻辑的电子商务协议公平性分析方法,并指出该协议存在安全缺陷,提出改进意见。     

egoisst: a negotiation support system for electronic business-to-business negotiations in e-commerce

Electronic negotiations can range from simple offer exchanges to complex communicative acts concerning packages of products and services. In contrast to dominant approaches aiming at automating the negotiation process (e.g. auction models), we introduce the notion of negotiation support for human negotiators conducting complex electronic negotiations. The negotiation support system egoisst for business-to-business electronic commerce is presented that is based on theories of communication and information systems and that combines communication and document management. egoisst has been successfully validated for e-negotiations in the construction industry.     

PKI安全体系在手机智能卡中的应用

介绍PKI系统和智能卡系统的基本原理和安全技术,重点研究PKI安全体系在手机智能卡中的应用。利用存储在卡中的PKI安全插件,为手机卡和SP应用之间提供身份认证、数字签名等服务支持,有效确保了手机智能卡在网络数据传输中的安全性、完整性。     

基于身份的电子公文数字签名方案

随着信息技术的发展和电子政务的深入实施,公文的电子文件形式代替了传统的纸质文件形式,这种变化不可避免地引起了电子公文传输过程中的安全性问题。从辫群上求根问题困难的角度出发,提出了一种基于身份的电子公文数字签名方案,说明了攻击者能够伪造此签名仅当他能够求解辫群上的求根问题,分析结果表明该方案是有效和可行的。     

基于椭圆曲线的CA系统的设计与实现

在网上交易中,作为交易双方相互信赖的第三方,CA系统的主要用途是发放和验证数字证书.因此,保证CA系统的安全性具有十分重要的意义.椭圆曲线密码体制不仅具有密钥短和计算效率高的优点,而且能够提供最高的位安全强度.从实践的角度,运用系统的方法,在研讨当前CA系统基础之上,将椭圆曲线密码体制应用于CA系统.在目前的电子商务交易中,基于椭圆曲线的CA系统的设计与实现,为认证系统的设计提供了一种新的参考.     

浅谈RSA数字签名技术在综合船桥系统中的应用

随着Internet的快速发展,网络在综合船桥系统中得到了广泛的应用。在享受网络带来的便利的同时,它的各种弊端也日益显露,如网上数据传输的完整性等问题。为了很好地解决这一问题,将RSA数字签名和数字摘要应用于综合船桥系统中。在保证数据安全传输的同时,很好地验证了数据的完整性,同时完成了发送方的身份验证。     

The Rise of Neo-Intermediation: The Transformation of the Brokerage Industry

Developments in information technology and increased competition both within and outside the industry have led to the unbundling and desegregation of brokerage functions. Nimble on-line institutions like E*Trade and Microsoft Investor are usurping the roles traditionally played by full-service and discount brokerages, forcing some powerful firms to narrow their focus and others to broaden their product offerings. These changes raise the question: will full-service and discount brokerages continue to exist as we know them in the twenty-first century? To answer this question, the authors provide a new market transformation framework called Neo-Intermediation that helps explain how leading on-line firms are desegregating and reagregating functionality in order to create value in innovative ways. The pattern of change for brokerages is: Unbundling of traditional services—market players examine the elements of the buyer and seller relationship; Reallocation of authorities as the “customer” determines what they will do and what they will pay for in the market; Creation of strategic alliances with complementors—sites/products whose products complement yours. This means that if a customer has their product, they would also want yours; and Repackaging and emergence of both commodity and differentiated service providers that serve the needs of the “new” customer. The authors believe that these patterns are evident in all forms of financial services and form the basis of market interventions in most service industries. This paper addresses the transformation of the brokerage services marketplace. With new patterns of intermediation emerging, the winners of the future will be those who most successfully create new context bundles that meet customers' needs.     

RSA数字签名技术在电子公文流转中的应用

电子公文交换是电子政府活动的重要内容，但是电子公文已不能用传统的手工签名和盖章来确定公文的真伪。为了鉴定公文收发双方的身份，必须采用网上签名——数字签名技术。首先对数字签名技术和RSA算法进行了分析，然后对电子公文的数字签名进行了设计，最后用C#实现了该技术，最终解决了电子公文流转的安全问题。     

分析电子签名在医院信息化安全中的应用与思考

在医院的建设发展中,信息化是必然的发展趋势。做好医院信息化建设,强化法律保障、数据安全以及相关的应用工作就显得非常重要了。电子签名是医院信息化建设的重要方式。在医院信息化的电子签名中,数字证书是一种十分重要的方法,因此,做好电子签名的实施与应用安全是医院信息化健身的重要内容。     

电子文件归档的安全性分析

针对电子文件移交归档的安全应用需求,提出一种基于密码技术、可信网络、电子印章、数字水印、版权保护等技术的电子文件归档与利用的安全方案,并分析了该安全方案的应用模型.应用数字版权保护、版式文件、全程加密、打印控制和电子印章与数字水印等技术,解决了电子文件归档与利用中的惟一性、真实性、完整性、安全性、防扩散和防复制等问题.     

数字证书互信互认技术探讨

本文通过对根、桥、交叉认证和列表这四种数字证书互信互认技术进行比较,并结合我国国情给出了适合我国的数字证书互信互认技术建议。     

电子认证服务业政策现状与趋势

近年来,网络安全备受关注,美国、德国、英国等世界主要发达国家纷纷出台了相关政策,以应对日益增长的安全威胁。电子认证服务业是提供网络安全保障的重要行业,在确认网络主体及其行为的真实性和可靠性、维护网络秩序、减少网络欺诈和犯罪等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。本文重点介绍了2011年我国出台的电子认证服务业重点政策,并对未来行业政策的发展趋势进行了分析展望。     

Trustworthiness in electronic commerce: the role of privacy, security, and site attributes

While the growth of business-to-consumer electronic commerce seems phenomenal in recent years, several studies suggest that a large number of individuals using the Internet have serious privacy concerns, and that winning public trust is the primary hurdle to continued growth in e-commerce. This research investigated the relative importance, when purchasing goods and services over the Web, of four common trust indices (i.e. (1) third party privacy seals, (2) privacy statements, (3) third party security seals, and (4) security features). The results indicate consumers valued security features significantly more than the three other trust indices. We also investigated the relationship between these trust indices and the consumer's perceptions of a marketer's trustworthiness. The findings indicate that consumers' ratings of trustworthiness of Web merchants did not parallel experts' evaluation of sites' use of the trust indices. This study also examined the extent to which consumers are willing to provide private information to electronic and land merchants. The results revealed that when making the decision to provide private information, consumers rely on their perceptions of trustworthiness irrespective of whether the merchant is electronic only or land and electronic. Finally, we investigated the relative importance of three types of Web attributes: security, privacy and pleasure features (convenience, ease of use, cosmetics). Privacy and security features were of lesser importance than pleasure features when considering consumers' intention to purchase. A discussion of the implications of these results and an agenda for future research are provided.     

数字签名应用中不同PK卡的兼容性研究

我国的PK卡应用刚刚起步，还没有形成权威规范，各种PK卡的卡片指令流和应用方法有着很大的差异。当某一行业建立CA用于行业信息的公开验证时，如何实现不同类型PK卡计算的数字签名的统一验证，是非常重要的问题。文章通过对几家主流PK卡的实验分析，找出了能兼容的数字签名垫整方法，并通过在读卡器级设计数字签名应用的指令接口函数，来实现不同PK卡在应用程序上的兼容。     

Ensuring the Success of Contract Formation in Agent-Mediated Electronic Commerce

This article examines a number of contractual issues generated by the advent of intelligent agent applications. The aim of the study is to provide legal guidelines for developers of intelligent agent software by addressing the contractual difficulties associated with automated electronic transactions. The author investigates whether the requirements for a legally enforceable contract are satisfied by agent applications that operate independent of human supervision. Given the relative novelty of the technology and the paucity of case law in the area, the author's observations and conclusions are based on an analysis of first principles in contract law. Additionally, the author provides an analysis of whether proposed and enacted electronic commerce legislation in various jurisdictions is sufficient to cure the inherent deficiencies of traditional contract doctrine. Given the trend towards automated electronic commerce, the author concludes by highlighting the legal requirements that must be met in order to ensure the success of agent technology in the formation of online contracts.     

The role of intermediaries in electronic marketplaces: developing a contingency model

Abstract. Early research in electronic markets seemed to suggest that e‐ commerce transactions would result in decreased costs for buyers and sellers alike, and would therefore ultimately lead to the elimination of intermediaries from electronic value chains. However, a careful analysis of the structure and functions of electronic marketplaces reveals a different picture. Intermediaries provide many value‐adding functions that cannot be easily substituted or ‘internalized’ through direct supplier–buyer dealings, and hence mediating parties may continue to play a significant role in the e‐commerce world. In this paper we provide an analysis of the potential roles of intermediaries in electronic markets and we articulate a number of hypotheses for the future of intermediation in such markets. Three main scenarios are discussed: the disintermediation scenario, in which market dynamics will favour direct buyer–seller transactions; the reintermediation scenario, in which traditional intermediaries will be forced to differentiate themselves and re‐emerge in the electronic marketplace; and the cybermediation scenario, in which wholly new markets for intermediaries will be created. The analysis suggests that the likelihood of each scenario dominating a given market is primarily dependent on the exact functions that intermediaries play in each case. A detailed discussion of such functions is presented in the paper, together with an analysis of likely outcomes in the form of a contingency model for intermediation in electronic markets.     

基于身份盲签名的电子选举协议方案

在研究分析了当前电子选举协议中存在的优缺点,然后在FOO协议基础上,利用椭圆曲线上的双线性映射和基于身份盲签名的思想,设计了一个具有高安全高效率的基于身份盲签名的电子选举方案。该设计方案不仅满足了安全电子选举协议的完全性、合理性、匿名性等最基本的要求,而且能很好地解决广义可验证性,且具有高效的运算效率。     

The Digital Divide Objectified in the Design: Use of the Mobile Telephone by Underprivileged Youth in Sri Lanka

Most discussions on the digital divide have predominantly focused on social disparities in the physical accessibility of information and communication technologies (ICT), and the proposed solutions are related to providing low cost access to the underprivileged. The mobile phone has been considered as a good solution due to its relatively low cost. This paper, based on an empirical study in Sri Lanka, demonstrates that even though the underprivileged population has adopted the mobile phone, most of the computer based communication facilities available in the phones are ‘inaccessible’ to such users due the objectification of broader social inequalities in the design of phones. In other words, the digital divide is objectified in the design.