甲基环己烷一正庚烷一混合溶剂体系的相平衡及溶剂抽提性能

测定了甲基环己烷一正庚烷一混合溶剂（环丁砜／苯甲醇及环丁砜／Ｎ一甲基一吡咯烷酮）体系在（３５±０．１）和（４５±０．１）℃下的液液分层曲线及各体系的结线数据,并计算得到了混合溶剂的选择性、溶解度等数据．初步讨论了以上混合溶剂体系萃取分离甲基环己烷与正庚烷的基本性能．结果表明,同一温度下质量组成相同的环丁砜／苯甲醇混合溶剂体系的选择性、溶解度等均较环丁砜／Ｎ一甲基一吡咯烷酮混合溶剂体系为优．结合２５℃时的数据,考察了温度对这些溶剂体系的选择性、溶解度等的影响,表明升高温度能提高溶剂的溶解能力,而选择性则有所降低．     

甲基环己烷--正庚烷--混合溶剂体系的 相平衡及溶剂抽提性能

测定了甲基环己烷-正庚烷-混合溶剂(环丁砜/苯甲醇及环丁砜/N-甲基-吡咯烷酮)体系在(35±0.1)和(45±0.1)C下的液液分层曲线及各体系的结线数据,并计算得到了混合溶剂的选择性、溶解度等数据.初步讨论了以上混合溶剂体系萃取分离甲基环己烷与正庚烷的基本性能.结果表明,同一温度下质量组成相同的环丁砜/苯甲醇混合溶剂体系的选择性、溶解度等均较环丁砜/N-甲基-吡咯烷酮混合溶剂体系为优.结合25C时的数据,考察了温度对这些溶剂体系的选择性、溶解度等的影响,表明升高温度能提高溶剂的溶解能力,而选择性则有所降低.     

萃取精馏分离苯-环己烷三元混合溶剂的效应

引言环己烷是一种性能较好的溶剂,可用来取代苯作脱油脂剂及脱漆剂等,因其一般通过苯催化加氢或汽油分馏来制备,在其产物中通常存在苯和环己烷的混合物,由于二者沸点相近,能形成最低共沸混合物,所以如何对苯和环己烷混合物系进行分离,许多研究人员对此进行了研究。     

采用混合溶剂合成甲基硫菌灵的研究

研究了不同混合溶剂对甲基硫菌灵反应性能的影响,实验筛选出较之单一溶剂效果明显提高的混合溶剂,对混合溶剂作为介质合成甲基硫菌灵的工艺条件进行了优选,使产品收率达８８％,纯度达９８％以上。并通过红外光谱、质谱、上色谱进行了定性定量检测。     

萃取精馏中二元混合溶剂的研究

通过实验找到了一个萃取精馏分离苯/环己烷近沸点体系的新的二元混合溶剂N,N-二甲基亚砜和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,并确定了该溶剂的最佳组成,实验测定结果表明,该混合溶剂分离效果和溶剂性能均优于文献报道的溶剂,文中最后分析了混合溶剂优于单一溶剂分离效果的原因.     

载体对Pt催化甲基环己烷脱氢性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Al₂O₃、SiO₂、Y₂O₃及活性炭负载的0.2%(质量分数,下同)Pt催化剂。氮气吸附脱附、H₂-TPR、CO脉冲吸附对催化剂表征的结果表明,活性炭载体上活性组分的分散度最高,催化甲基环己烷(MCH)脱氢反应的结果表明,活性炭负载的Pt催化剂具有最高的催化活性。     

甲基环己烷脱氢催化剂研究进展

综述了甲基环己烷脱氢用非贵金属催化剂和含贵金属催化剂的研究进展,其中含贵金属催化剂是近几年的研究重点.提高脱氢催化剂在低温下的高活性将是甲基环己烷脱氢催化剂的主要研究方向.     

润滑油基础油络合脱氮的溶剂选择

采用Klopman所给出的溶剂化能公式,计算了润滑油基础油络合脱氮中不同精制溶剂所产生的溶剂化能的大小。计算结果表明,在同一溶剂中,过渡金属离子所带的电荷越多,产生的溶剂化效应越大;当不同溶剂与同种金属离子相互作用时,溶剂的介电常数降低,对金属离子的溶剂化效应也相对减弱,有利于络合物的生成,亦即络合物有较大的稳定性。除了考虑溶剂化效应之外,还要求溶剂具有适当的选择性和一定的溶解能力。当用于工业化生产时,还需要考虑溶剂的价格是否适中。综合溶剂化效应、选择性、溶解能力、价格和实际的碱氮脱除率5个方面来看。糠醛是润滑油基础油络合脱氮的最佳精制溶剂。     

醇-水混合溶剂中水盐体系相平衡研究进展

水盐体系相平衡的研究是无机盐化工的理论基础,对于盐湖资源的开发和利用有着非常重要的意义。概述了甲醇-水、乙醇-水、多元醇-水混合溶剂体系中的相平衡研究,总结了各混合溶剂体系的特点和研究进展。     

N-甲酰吗啉加水溶剂抽提芳烃的液液平衡

用液液平衡釜测定了常压 ,60℃下加水 N-甲酰吗啉和苯、甲苯、对二甲苯、正庚烷、甲基环己烷组分间 6个拟三元体系的液液平衡 ,得到了拟三元液液平衡体系的共轭相组成和分配曲线 ;实验数据用 UNIQUAC和NRTL模型进行了关联 ;用共轭相作图拟合法和模型参数推算法获得了各体系的褶点数据 ;并求得了溶剂对溶质的选择性和分配系数     

LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL FROM DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS WITH MIXED SOLVENTS

Distribution coefficients for the liquid-liquid extraction of 2,3-butanediol (5wt%) in aqueous solutions with binary mixtures of 4-nonylphenol (0-67 vol%), toluene and several alcohols, (2-ethyl-l-hexanol, 1-oclanol and 1-decanol) at 25°C are reported. The distribution coefficients were in the following ranges: 4-nonylphenol + toluene (0-0·23), 4-nonylphenol + 2-ethyl-l-hexanol (0·23 - 0·27), 4-nonylphenol + 1-octanol (0.21-0·33) and 4-nonylphenol + 1-decanol (0·22-0·37). The largest distribution coefficient was found to be 0·37 for the mixed solvent 4-nonylphenol+1-decanol (50vol%), which shows a slight decrease in the separation factor. Activity coefficients at infinite dilution were determined using the MOSCED model and a similar trend for all the solvent mixtures of 4-nonylphenol and alcohols was found.     

不同溶剂神府煤超临界萃取研究

本文以我国新开发的特大煤田——神府煤为研究对象,在半连续装置上,以水、甲苯以及水和甲苯中分别加入少量四氢萘为溶剂进行超临界萃取研究。详细地考察了无机溶剂水、有机溶剂甲苯及供氢溶剂四氢萘对萃取过程的影响。实验结果表明,超临界萃取是神府煤的有效利用途径之一,萃取物产率是铝甑焦油产率的2.65～5.72倍,萃取物中以预沥青烯为主要族组分;以甲笨为溶剂,萃取率高于以水为溶剂的;在水及甲苯中加入少量四氢萘,均可以大幅度地提高萃取率。     

ROLE OF THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC FACTORS IN POLYMER DISSOLUTION IN MIXED SOLVENTS+

A model for polymer dissolution in mixed solvents has been developed with the purpose of explaining the hitherto unexplained maximum in the dissolution rate with the solvent composition. The variation of the interface concentration of both the solvents and the dissolution rate with the composition of the non-solvent in the dissolution medium is predicted. The model predicts an increase in dissolution rate with an increase in low molecular weight non-solvent content of the dissolution medium. However, further increase in the non-solvent content, decreases the dissolution rate. The relative role of kinetic and thermodynamic quality of the solvent is shown to be the reason for this unusual behaviour. The model also predicts reduction in swelling with an increase in non-solvent content of the dissolution medium. The implications of the work in designing mixed solvent systems for microlithography to meet the goal of maximum dissolution rate with minimum swelling are discussed.     

SOLUBILITY OF CO2AND H2S IN A MIXED SOLVENT

Mixed solvents are a combination of chemical and physical solvents and have some advantages over traditional treating solvents for the removal of acid gases from gas streams. The solubility of H₂S and CO₂in a mixed solvent consisting of AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol), sulfolane, and water has been measured at 40 and 100°C at partial pressures of the acid gas to 6000 kPa. The solubility in the mixed solvent was compared with the solubility in an aqueous solution of equivalent amine concentration. At solution loadings less than 1 mol acid gas/mol amine, the solubility of the acid gas is lower in the mixed solvent than in the corresponding amine solvent. At higher loadings, the trend is reversed and the solubility is greater in the mixed solvent. The results are rationalized in terms of the effect of the physical solvent component on the chemical reaction and physical vapor-liquid equilibria. The solubility model of Deshmukh and Mather was used to correlate the data.     

对二甲苯合并氧化工艺及动力学研究

在间歇搅拌釜中，为提高反应速率，探索工厂氧化反应器的操作条件，进行空气流量，釜压及催化剂浓度的正交试验，并进行对二甲苯（ＰＸ）和对甲基苯甲酸甲酯（ＰＴＥ）合并氧化的动力学研究，所得数据关联成ＰＸ氧化５个组分的简化速度方程。研究表明，传质影响在氧化反应中是明显的，为提高生产能力，必须改善氧化反应的传质条件。     

钨钼混合溶液萃取平衡的测定与研究

采用一套溶剂萃取平衡测定装置,在酸性介质中,选择D2EHPA[二－（2－乙基己基）磷酸酯]为萃取剂,煤油为稀释剂,仲辛醇为改质剂,EDTA为络合剂,系统完整地测定了不同条件下两种浓度范围的含大量钨和少量钼的溶液的钨钼萃取分离平衡数据,分析和研究了各种因素对钨钼萃取分离的影响．分别用萃取平衡的经验模型和化学模型对该萃取体系进行了关联计算,得出了一套可以在工业计算中使用的经验模型和化学模型,为工业过程设计、工程优化和计算机模拟提供了基础．     

混合溶剂对可录型光盘中吲哚类菁染料薄膜性能的影响

本采用紫外可见光谱、FT-IR及AFM等手段，研究了混合溶剂对光盘记录介质吲哚类菁染料薄膜光学性能、稳定性和表面结构的影响。发现在不同混合溶剂下涂出的相同膜厚的染料薄膜，其光学性能和表面形貌都有很大的差异。不同的混合溶剂都存在一个最佳混合体积比，染料在此体积比下旋涂出膜的光学性能和表面形貌均优于单一溶剂下涂出的膜。对比不同混合溶剂涂出的膜的光学性质及AFM的观测结果，发现二丙酮醇与氯仿在等体积比混合、四氟丙醇与氯仿在7：3体积下混合时效果最好，易得到反射率高，表面较平整的染料薄膜。     

蒽醌法生产过氧化氢的载体和溶剂组成概述

介绍了蒽醌法生产过氧化氢工作液中的载体和溶剂组成。     

溶剂对水处理用PVDF微孔膜结构性能影响

利用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、磷酸三乙酯(TEP)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)4种溶剂制备PVDF微孔膜,考察溶剂对成膜性能的影响,除了测试膜结构、孔隙率、清水通量等常规指标外,增加膜污染速率指标,研究4种溶剂成膜在实际膜-生物反应器(MBR)内的运行情况,得到4种溶剂成膜结构不同,具有贯穿性指状孔的DMSO溶剂成膜具有最高的孔隙率,高清水通量,并在MBR内表现出最低的污染速率,最适于制备水处理用的PVDF膜;具有海绵状孔的TEP溶剂成膜具有最高的清水通量,高的孔隙率,在MBR内污染速率较低;DMF、DMAc溶剂成膜结构类似,具有不贯穿的指状孔,孔隙率及清水通量均较低,膜污染速率高,不适于水处理MBR用膜。     

A REVIEW OF MIXED REVERSE MICELLE SYSTEM FOR ANTIBIOTIC RECOVERY

This article discusses the application of mixed reverse micelles in downstream processing of antibiotics. Purification and recovery processes for antibiotics in downstream processing are major expenses, about 70% of the total cost of production, giving them a significant impact on manufacturing cost. Moreover, there are a number of challenges and difficulties in the separation process requirements for antibiotics, since the mixture is quite complex, with broth, hazardous solvents, by-products, intermediate material, and impurities; in addition, antibiotics are easy to denature. Therefore, the development of effective separation techniques is required to produce high-purity of biomaterials. The use of reverse micelles is thought to be among the most promising due to the process's high selectivity and efficiency. Most studies on reverse micelle extraction technology have been performed by using anionic surfactant sodium bis (2-ethyl-1-hexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT). However, the activities of antibiotics hosted in this type of surfactant have a significant effect due to the strong electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between antibiotic and surfactant molecules. Due to these problems many alternatives have been developed recently, and reverse micelles have high potential in the purification of biomolecules. Therefore, this review discusses the ability of mixed ionic-nonionic reverse micelles to provide a safe microenvironment for antibiotics by maintaining the strength of attraction between the reverse micelle molecule and the antibiotic while avoiding the denaturation of the antibiotic. The article highlights the potential of mixed ionic-nonionic reverse micelle technology as a tool of antibiotic recovery from various mediums.