基于余弦相似度的加权K近邻室内定位算法

基于位置指纹的室内定位系统能够实现较高精度的定位,其中KNN(K-nearest neighbor)和余弦相似度定位算法原理简单且易于实现。但每种算法仅从单一限制条件进行匹配,导致定位精度不高。针对此问题,提出基于余弦相似度的加权KNN算法,并通过实验测试算法的定位性能。实测结果表明,该算法的定位精度高于传统定位算法。当AP数量为5时,平均误差为1.67 m。定位精度优于1 m的置信概率为42%,优于2 m的置信概率为88%,最大定位误差为4.3 m。     

基于WiFi的一种改进的室内定位算法

为解决室内定位中算法定位精度不高、误差偏大的问题,在原有指纹匹配算法的基础上,提出了一种新的信号能量加权改进接收信号强度的方法.通过对改进后的信号能量进行均值滤波和阈值滤波处理,改善离线建立指纹库阶段建库数据源.在线匹配阶段,改进WKNN算法,利用方差加权结合欧式距离倒数进行相似度匹配.该方法与目前的WKNN算法相比,在减少复杂度的同时,对定位效果进行改善.在不考虑AP组合对定位结果影响的情况下,仿真结果表明所提出的改进算法能明显提高定位精度.     

基于对数正态模型的二次匹配指纹定位算法

针对复杂室内环境WiFi信号不稳定导致指纹定位算法定位精度不高的问题,对AP选择、指纹库构建和定位算法进行研究,分别提出了基于对数正态模型的AP选择方法、RSSI虚拟指纹库构建方法以及基于对数正态模型的二次匹配指纹定位算法。在离线阶段,通过拟合对数正态模型对WiFi信号建模,筛选出最契合模型的AP并构建RSSI指纹库和虚拟指纹库。在线定位阶段,待定位节点在匹配RSSI指纹库的基础上,利用AP的契合度修正欧氏距离相似度,找出相似度更高的指纹点,初步确定待定位节点区域,接着二次匹配虚拟指纹库进行精准定位。实际环境实验结果表明,本文提出的方法突出了不同AP设备对定位造成的影响,能减少离线阶段指纹采集的工作量,有效的提高了定位精度。     

跨异构设备的室内Wi-Fi指纹定位方法

基于Wi-Fi位置指纹的室内定位中,采用异构设备在同一位置、同一时间采集的无线信号接收强度（Received signal strength indicator,RSSI）存在差异,使得离线指纹库与不同用户在线采集的信号难以兼容而影响定位精度。针对该问题,本文提出一种适应异构设备的定位算法。该方法首先通过接入点（Access point, AP）选择,构建信号稳定的离线指纹数据库,再使用普氏分析法（Procrustes analysis, PA）对指纹库标准化,消除异构设备引入的信号差异。在线阶段采用余弦相似度（Cosine similarity, CS）算法得到目标的位置估计。在2种典型室内环境中利用4台手机测试了所提方法的定位性能,并分析了影响定位性能的因素。实验结果表明,所提方法在2种室内环境中的平均定位误差分别为2.96 m和2.29 m,相比较加权K近邻（Weight K-nearest neighbor, WKNN）算法定位精度分别提高了21.3%和21.6%。     

基于PCA-WBayes的WiFi室内定位算法

针对朴素贝叶斯(Bayes)室内定位算法忽略各无线接入点(AP)信号间的相关性,最终导致定位精度损失这一不足,提出一种基于主成分分析结合加权Bayes(PCA-WBayes)的WiFi室内定位算法.在离线阶段采集参考点处来自各AP的WiFi信号强度,运用PCA进行去相关性、降维处理,提取主要数据特征,结合参考点位置坐标,构建位置指纹数据库;在线定位阶段,在位置指纹数据库中匹配待测点的信号特征,通过Bayes算法估算待测点位置,获取前w个后验概率最大的参考点坐标,按后验概率分配权重,以加权结果作为待测点位置.实验结果表明:相比K最近邻(KNN)、Bayes等常用WiFi室内定位算法,PCA-WBayes算法定位误差更小,将朴素Bayes室内定位算法的精度提升了15.44％.     

基于方差滤波的动态自适应室内指纹定位算法

目前常用的室内定位算法在构建指纹库时,因为在参考点处接收到的信号强度值存在噪声值,传统的欧式距离计算公式忽略信号发射器的稳定程度从而造成定位误差,以及K近邻算法无法根据实际情况动态的确定参与定位的参考点个数,从而造成定位算法缺乏拓展性和稳定性。针对上述情况,本文设计了一种经过方差滤波的动态自适应室内指纹定位算法。该算法首先在离线阶段利用方差滤波去掉噪声值,之后在在线阶段利用新的基于方差的相似度计算公式计算待定位点与各个参考点之间的相似度,然后动态自适应的确定距离较小的K个点来参与定位计算,最后利用确定的K个点加权估计待定位点的位置。实验结果证明,该算法较对比算法能够有效的提高定位精度和定位的稳定性。     

基于特征匹配和距离加权的蓝牙定位算法

针对传统iBeacon指纹定位技术中接收信号强度值（RSSI）波动较大、指纹库聚类复杂、存在较大跳变性定位误差等问题,提出一种基于排序特征匹配和距离加权的蓝牙定位算法。在离线阶段,该算法先对RSSI进行加权滑动窗处理,然后根据RSSI向量大小生成排序特征码等值,并与位置坐标等信息组成指纹信息,形成指纹库;在在线定位阶段,根据排序特征向量指纹匹配定位算法和基于距离的最优加权K最邻近法（WKNN）实现室内行人定位。在定位仿真实验中,该算法可以自动根据特征码进行聚类,从而降低了聚类的复杂度,能实现最大误差在0.952 m内的室内行人定位精度。     

基于RSSI信号特征的室内分区指纹定位算法

为提高室内定位精度和算法效率,提出基于RSSI信号特征的分区指纹定位算法。在离线阶段,区别于传统的使用RSSI信号构建离线指纹库的方法,设计使用RSSI信号衰减率建立离线指纹库;在在线定位阶段,针对使用欧式距离进行相似度计算时,容易出现两个点RSSI信号欧式距离较近而物理距离较远的情况,提出使用RSSI信号衰减率进行子区域划分,引入SSD的思想使用二级指纹进行精确定位。通过实验验证了该算法的适应性与有效性。     

基于相似度的K阶临近定位算法

基于WIFI位置指纹的定位系统能实现较高精度的室内定位,其中基于接收信号强度指示（RSSI）的近邻选择算法在进行室内定位时容易引入奇异点,导致定位精度降低.针对该问题,本文提出了一种基于相似度的K阶临近定位算法（SKNN）.该算法借鉴二部分网络中求解节点相似性的思想,建立位置指纹与AP之间的二部分网络,并提出一个相似度参数,用该参数去修正K阶临近定位算法.实验结果表明,本文提出的SKNN算法可以有效的降低奇异点对定位结果的影响,提高定位精度,80%的定位误差均在2 m以内,且在大场景中效果明显.     

基于有序聚类和MSKPCA的室内定位算法

针对指纹室内定位算法中环境动态变化对Wi-Fi信号的干扰和定位实时性较差的问题,提出一种基于有序聚类和多尺度核主成分分析的Wi Fi指纹室内定位算法.离线阶段采用参考点可检测接入点序列的最长公共子序列衡量相似度,通过有序聚类划分子区域.在线阶段先进行粗定位,选择最优尺度的核主成分分析模型处理子区域指纹数据,使用朴素贝叶斯加权K近邻算法预测目标节点位置.实验结果表明,该算法可有效提升定位精度,86.7％的定位误差在1.2m以内.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。